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Laskowski T, Kosno M, Andrałojć W, Frackowiak JE, Borzyszkowska-Bukowska J, Szczeblewski P, Radoń N, Świerżewska M, Woźny A, Paluszkiewicz E, Mazerska Z. The interactions of monomeric acridines and unsymmetrical bisacridines (UAs) with DNA duplexes: an insight provided by NMR and MD studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3431. [PMID: 36859494 PMCID: PMC9977845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of a novel class of anticancer compounds, exhibiting high antitumor activity, i.e. the unsymmetrical bisacridines (UAs), consist of two heteroaromatic ring systems. One of the ring systems is an imidazoacridinone moiety, with the skeleton identical to the structural base of Symadex. The second one is a 1-nitroacridine moiety, hence it may be regarded as Nitracrine's structural basis. These monoacridine units are connected by an aminoalkyl linker, which vary in structure. In theory, these unsymmetrical dimers should act as double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bis-intercalators, since the monomeric units constituting the UAs were previously reported to exhibit an intercalating mode of binding into dsDNA. On the contrary, our earlier, preliminary studies have suggested that specific and/or structurally well-defined binding of UAs into DNA duplexes might not be the case. In this contribution, we have revisited and carefully examined the dsDNA-binding properties of monoacridines C-1305, C-1311 (Symadex), C-283 (Ledakrin/Nitracrine) and C-1748, as well as bisacridines C-2028, C-2041, C-2045 and C-2053 using advanced NMR techniques, aided by molecular modelling calculations and the analysis of UV-VIS spectra, decomposed by chemometric techniques. These studies allowed us to explain, why the properties of UAs are not a simple sum of the features exhibited by the acridine monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Laskowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michał Kosno
- grid.6868.00000 0001 2187 838XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Witold Andrałojć
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zygmunta Noskowskiego Str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna E. Frackowiak
- grid.6868.00000 0001 2187 838XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Julia Borzyszkowska-Bukowska
- grid.6868.00000 0001 2187 838XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Szczeblewski
- grid.6868.00000 0001 2187 838XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Nikola Radoń
- grid.6868.00000 0001 2187 838XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Świerżewska
- grid.6868.00000 0001 2187 838XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Woźny
- grid.6868.00000 0001 2187 838XFaculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Paluszkiewicz
- grid.6868.00000 0001 2187 838XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zofia Mazerska
- grid.6868.00000 0001 2187 838XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Kosno M, Laskowski T, Frackowiak JE, Potęga A, Kurdyn A, Andrałojć W, Borzyszkowska-Bukowska J, Szwarc-Karabyka K, Mazerska Z. Acid–Base Equilibrium and Self-Association in Relation to High Antitumor Activity of Selected Unsymmetrical Bisacridines Established by Extensive Chemometric Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133995. [PMID: 35807234 PMCID: PMC9268451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsymmetrical bisacridines (UAs) represent a novel class of anticancer agents previously synthesized by our group. Our recent studies have demonstrated their high antitumor potential against multiple cancer cell lines and human tumor xenografts in nude mice. At the cellular level, these compounds affected 3D cancer spheroid growth and their cellular uptake was selectively modulated by quantum dots. UAs were shown to undergo metabolic transformations in vitro and in tumor cells. However, the physicochemical properties of UAs, which could possibly affect their interactions with molecular targets, remain unknown. Therefore, we selected four highly active UAs for the assessment of physicochemical parameters under various pH conditions. We determined the compounds’ pKa dissociation constants as well as their potential to self-associate. Both parameters were determined by detailed and complex chemometric analysis of UV-Vis spectra supported by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The obtained results indicate that general molecular properties of UAs in aqueous media, including their protonation state, self-association ratio, and solubility, are strongly pH-dependent, particularly in the physiological pH range of 6 to 8. In conclusion, we describe the detailed physicochemical characteristics of UAs, which might contribute to their selectivity towards tumour cells as opposed to their effect on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kosno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioMedTech Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.K.); (J.E.F.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (J.B.-B.)
| | - Tomasz Laskowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioMedTech Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.K.); (J.E.F.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (J.B.-B.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (Z.M.); Tel.: +48-58-347-20-79 (T.L.); +48-58-347-24-07 (Z.M.)
| | - Joanna E. Frackowiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioMedTech Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.K.); (J.E.F.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (J.B.-B.)
| | - Agnieszka Potęga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioMedTech Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.K.); (J.E.F.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (J.B.-B.)
| | - Agnieszka Kurdyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioMedTech Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.K.); (J.E.F.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (J.B.-B.)
| | - Witold Andrałojć
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zygmunta Noskowskiego Str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Julia Borzyszkowska-Bukowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioMedTech Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.K.); (J.E.F.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (J.B.-B.)
| | - Katarzyna Szwarc-Karabyka
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Zofia Mazerska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioMedTech Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.K.); (J.E.F.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (J.B.-B.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (Z.M.); Tel.: +48-58-347-20-79 (T.L.); +48-58-347-24-07 (Z.M.)
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Rząd K, Paluszkiewicz E, Neubauer D, Olszewski M, Kozłowska-Tylingo K, Kamysz W, Gabriel I. The Effect of Conjugation with Octaarginine, a Cell-Penetrating Peptide on Antifungal Activity of Imidazoacridinone Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413190. [PMID: 34947987 PMCID: PMC8705783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acridine cell-penetrating peptide conjugates are an extremely important family of compounds in antitumor chemotherapy. These conjugates are not so widely analysed in antimicrobial therapy, although bioactive peptides could be used as nanocarriers to smuggle antimicrobial compounds. An octaarginine conjugate of an imidazoacridinone derivative (Compound 1-R8) synthetized by us exhibited high antifungal activity against reference and fluconazole-resistant clinical strains (MICs ≤ 4 μg mL−1). Our results clearly demonstrate the qualitative difference in accumulation of the mother compound and Compound 1-R8 conjugate into fungal cells. Only the latter was transported and accumulated effectively. Microscopic and flow cytometry analysis provide some evidence that the killing activity of Compound 1-R8 may be associated with a change in the permeability of the fungal cell membrane. The conjugate exhibited low cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) and human liver (HEPG2) cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, the selectivity index value of the conjugate for human pathogenic strains remained favourable and no hemolytic activity was observed. The inhibitory effect of the analysed compound on yeast topoisomerase II activity suggested its molecular target. In summary, conjugation with R8 effectively increased imidazoacridinone derivative ability to enter the fungal cell and achieve a concentration inside the cell that resulted in a high antifungal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Rząd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.R.); (E.P.); (M.O.); (K.K.-T.)
| | - Ewa Paluszkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.R.); (E.P.); (M.O.); (K.K.-T.)
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107th Avenue, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.N.); (W.K.)
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.R.); (E.P.); (M.O.); (K.K.-T.)
| | - Katarzyna Kozłowska-Tylingo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.R.); (E.P.); (M.O.); (K.K.-T.)
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107th Avenue, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.N.); (W.K.)
| | - Iwona Gabriel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.R.); (E.P.); (M.O.); (K.K.-T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-348-6078; Fax: +48-58-347-1144
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Czarnecka K, Lisiecki P, Szewczyk E, Chufarova N, Wójtowicz P, Kręcisz P, Szymański P. New acridine derivatives as promising agents against methicillin-resistant staphylococci – From tests to in silico analysis. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 88:107321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Laskowski T, Andrałojć W, Grynda J, Gwarda P, Mazerski J, Gdaniec Z. A strong preference for the TA/TA dinucleotide step discovered for an acridine-based, potent antitumor dsDNA intercalator, C-1305: NMR-driven structural and sequence-specificity studies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11697. [PMID: 32678133 PMCID: PMC7366671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Triazoloacridinone C-1305, a potent antitumor agent recommended for Phase I clinical trials, exhibits high activity towards a wide range of experimental colon carcinomas, in many cases associated with complete tumor regression. C-1305 is a well-established dsDNA intercalator, yet no information on its mode of binding into DNA is available to date. Herein, we present the NMR-driven and MD-refined reconstruction of the 3D structures of the d(CGATATCG)2:C-1305 and d(CCCTAGGG)2:C-1305 non-covalent adducts. In both cases, the ligand intercalates at the TA/TA site, forming well-defined dsDNA:drug 1:1 mol/mol complexes. Orientation of the ligand within the binding site was unambiguously established by the DNA/ligand proton-proton NOE contacts. A subsequent, NMR-driven study of the sequence-specificity of C-1305 using a series of DNA duplexes, allowed us to confirm a strong preference towards TA/TA dinucleotide steps, followed by the TG/CA steps. Interestingly, no interaction at all was observed with duplexes containing exclusively the AT/AT, GG/CC and GA/TC steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Laskowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Witold Andrałojć
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zygmunta Noskowskiego Str. 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jakub Grynda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Gwarda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan Mazerski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zofia Gdaniec
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zygmunta Noskowskiego Str. 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
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Hu W, Huang XS, Wu JF, Yang L, Zheng YT, Shen YM, Li ZY, Li X. Discovery of Novel Topoisomerase II Inhibitors by Medicinal Chemistry Approaches. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8947-8980. [PMID: 29870668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, 250100 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Sheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Science and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Ji-Feng Wu
- Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Ji’nan Public Security Bureau, 21 South QiliShan Road, 250000 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Science and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yue-Mao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
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Laskowski T, Borzyszkowska J, Grynda J, Mazerski J. C-1311 (Symadex), a potential anti-cancer drug, intercalates into DNA between A and G moieties. NMR-derived and MD-refined stereostructure of the d(GAGGCCTC) 2 :C-1311 complex. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Thakor KP, Lunagariya MV, Patel MN. Acetyl pyridine-based palladium(II) compounds as an artificial metallonucleases. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:2925-2937. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1236748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khyati P. Thakor
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388 120, India
| | - Miral V. Lunagariya
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388 120, India
| | - Mohan N. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388 120, India
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