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Namera DL, Thakkar SS, Thakor P, Bhoya U, Shah A. Arylidene analogues as selective COX-2 inhibitors: synthesis, characterization, in silico and in vitro studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:7150-7159. [PMID: 32795152 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1806109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazole derivatives are known to be as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Celecoxib is the pioneer sulfonamide being pyrazole derivative COX-2 inhibitors, which used to treat pain and inflammation; they may also have a role in cancer prevention. In the present investigation, a series of arylidene analogues (NDP-4011 to NDP-4016) were synthesized by the condensation of 4-(3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) benzenesulfonamide (I) with various substituted aromatic aldehydes in ethanol using a catalytic amount of piperidine. All the synthesized compounds were well characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. The cytotoxicity of synthesized compounds was tested on the NRK-52E cell line. From which NDP-4011, NDP-4012, NDP-4013, NDP-1015 and NDP-4016 were found to have higher cytotoxicity whereas NDP-4014 showed less cytotoxicity compared to Celecoxib. The in silico pharmacokinetic parameters of compounds were evaluated to check their candidature as a drug. Molecular docking was carried out on COX-2 structures, which revealed that NDP-4011 to NDP-4016 targets allosteric binding site similar to the binding mode of the selective COX inhibitor Celecoxib. Furthermore, results of in vitro COX-2 inhibition assay supports arylidene analogues as COX-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti L Namera
- Center of Excellence, NFDD Complex, Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Sampark S Thakkar
- P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Parth Thakor
- P.G. Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Umed Bhoya
- Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Anamik Shah
- Center of Excellence, NFDD Complex, Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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Synthesis, DNA Binding, and Molecular Docking Studies of Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-Based Bioactive Schiff Bases. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8152721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde derivatives were tested for therapeutic potential by exploring their properties through characterization. The derivatives were synthesized by 1 : 1 condensation reaction of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and substituted amines. The synthesized compounds 1–8 were characterized by different characterization techniques including IR, mass, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, binding of these Schiff bases to Ct-DNA was examined by absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, circular dichroic, viscosity measurement, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation methods. Schiff bases were tested for antimicrobial activity against bacterial species Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus by the disc diffusion method. The pharmacological treatment of Schiff bases showed that 1–8 have promising potential against tested bacterial strains. The molecular docking study of the target compounds was also carried out against B-DNA dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2, and it has been found that 1–8 can bind to Ct-DNA via an intercalative mode. DPPH free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays were employed to assess the antioxidant potential of synthesized Schiff bases.
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Da Silva CC, Martins RM, Lund RG, Pizzuti L, Pereira CMD. Recent Highlights on the Synthesis of Pyrazoles with Antimicrobial Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666180730104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms such as pyrazoles have a
long history and applicability in the field of medicinal chemistry. Many compounds containing pyrazole
moiety have been reported in the available literature for their prominent biological activities, including
antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms. Over the years, there has been a concern with
the many health problems associated with the dramatic increase of microbial infections and resistance to
standard drugs, so there is a need for the development of more effective antimicrobial agents. Pyrazoles
and their derivatives are promising candidates to bypass these problems with good safety profiles, and
there is a wide range of synthetic methodologies for their obtainment. This review aims to compact a
literature survey (2012-2017) very informative and helpful for researchers who wish to study or continue
the development of new, potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds.
Methods:
This review encompasses reports on the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of synthetic
pyrazoles from the year 2012 to 2017, which were extracted from bibliographic databases such as
PubMed, scielo, sciencedirect, scifinder, and scopus. The main keywords in our search were “pyrazole”
and “antimicrobial activity”, in which we made efforts to include synthetic and biological methodologies
that can be useful for laboratories of different levels of infrastructure. Moreover, inclusion/
exclusion criteria was applied to select quality reports which could demonstrate different tools of
antimicrobial evaluation, focusing on the advances made in the area, such as evaluation in silico and
exploration of the possible mechanism of action for active compounds.
Results:
Thirty-four papers were included in this work, which was displayed chronologically from the
year 2012 to 2017 in order to enhance the advances made in the area, with at least five reports from each
year. We found that the most commonly tested bacterial strains are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia
coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and from the year 2016 onwards Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The most common tested fungal strains are Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and
Aspergillus niger. The majority of articles expressed the antimicrobial results as a zone of inhibition,
leading to the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and a probable mechanism
of action for the most prominent compounds, considering cytotoxicity. Aromatic aldehydes and
ketones are key reactants to obtain important precursors for the synthesis of pyrazoles, such as chalcones,
together with alkyl or phenylhydrazines and thiosemicarbazide. A great variation in the reported
MICs was found as there is no standard maximum limit, but many compounds exhibited antimicrobial
activity comparable or better than standard drugs, from which 10 reports active compounds with MIC
lower than 5 μg mL-1.
Conclusion:
The findings of this work support the importance of pyrazole moiety in the structure of
antimicrobial compounds and the versatility of synthetic methodologies to obtain the target products.
Results clearly indicate that they are attractive target compounds for new antimicrobial drugs development.
We hope that this information will guide further studies on continuing the search for more effective,
highly active antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Da Silva
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosiane M. Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael G. Lund
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pizzuti
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Claudio M.P. de Pereira
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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