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Lee RA, Chang M, Tsay A, Lee YR, Li D, Yiv N, Tian S, Zhao M, O’Brien RM, Wang JC. Chronic Glucocorticoid Exposure Induced an S1PR2-RORγ Axis to Enhance Hepatic Gluconeogenesis in Male Mice. Diabetes 2023; 72:1534-1546. [PMID: 37552863 PMCID: PMC10588286 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that chronic glucocorticoid exposure causes hyperglycemia. While glucocorticoid receptor (GR) stimulates hepatic gluconeogenic gene transcription, additional mechanisms are activated by chronic glucocorticoid exposure to enhance gluconeogenesis. We found that chronic glucocorticoid treatment activated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-mediated signaling. Hepatic knockdown of hepatic S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) had no effect on chronic glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance but elevated fasting plasma insulin levels. In contrast, hepatic S1PR3 knockdown exacerbated chronic glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance without affecting fasting plasma insulin levels. Finally, hepatic S1PR2 knockdown attenuated chronic glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance and reduced fasting plasma insulin levels. Here, we focused on dissecting the role of S1PR2 signaling in chronic glucocorticoid response on glucose homeostasis. We found that chronic glucocorticoid-induced hepatic gluconeogenesis, gluconeogenic gene expression, and GR recruitment to the glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) of gluconeogenic genes were all reduced in hepatic S1PR2 knockdown male mice. Hepatic S1PR2 knockdown also enhanced glucocorticoid suppression of RAR-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) expression. Hepatic RORγ overexpression in hepatic S1PR2 knockdown mice restored glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance, gluconeogenic gene expression, and GR recruitment to their GREs. Conversely, RORγ antagonist and the reduction of hepatic RORγ expression attenuated such glucocorticoid effects. Thus, chronic glucocorticoid exposure induces an S1PR2-RORγ axis to cooperate with GR to enhance hepatic gluconeogenesis. Overall, this work provides novel mechanisms of and pharmaceutical targets against steroid-induced hyperglycemia. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Lee
- Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Maggie Chang
- Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Ariel Tsay
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Yeong Rim Lee
- Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Danielle Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Nicholas Yiv
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sharon Tian
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Michelle Zhao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Richard M. O’Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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Ndagi U, Abdullahi M, Hamza AN, Magaji MG, Mhlongo NN, Babazhitsu M, Majiya H, Makun HA, Lawal MM. Impact of Drug Repurposing on SARS-Cov-2 Main Protease. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2022; 96. [PMCID: PMC10036164 DOI: 10.1134/s0036024423030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of the severe acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus remains a concern posing many challenges to public health and the global economy. The resolved crystal structure of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 or SCV2 (Mpro) has led to its identification as an attractive target for designing potent antiviral drugs. Herein, we provide a comparative molecular impact of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), remdesivir, and β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) binding on SCV2 Mpro using various computational approaches like molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Data analyses showed that HCQ, remdesivir, and NHC binding to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro decrease the protease loop capacity to fluctuate. These binding influences the drugs’ optimum orientation in the conformational space of SCV2 Mpro and produce noticeable steric effects on the interactive residues. An increased hydrogen bond formation was observed in SCV2 Mpro–NHC complex with a decreased receptor residence time during NHC binding. The binding mode of remdesivir to SCV2 Mpro differs from other drugs having van der Waals interaction as the force stabilizing protein–remdesivir complex. Electrostatic interaction dominates in the SCV2 Mpro−HCQ and SCV2 Mpro–NHC. Residue Glu166 was highly involved in the stability of remdesivir and NHC binding at the SCV2 Mpro active site, while Asp187 provides stability for HCQ binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Ndagi
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Maryam Abdullahi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Asmau N. Hamza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Mohd G. Magaji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Ndumiso N. Mhlongo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001 Durban, South Africa
| | - Makun Babazhitsu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Hussaini Majiya
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Hussaini Anthony Makun
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Monsurat M. Lawal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001 Durban, South Africa
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Sun N, Xie Q, Dang Y, Wang Y. Agonist Lock Touched and Untouched Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor-γt (RORγt) Inverse Agonists: Classification Based on the Molecular Mechanisms of Action. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10519-10536. [PMID: 34264059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) is a potential drug target for autoimmune diseases with a clear biological mechanism in the Th17/IL-17 pathway. The "agonist lock", which is formed by residues His479-Tyr502-Phe506 in RORγt, makes H12 tightly contact H11 in a suitable conformation for coactivator binding and, thus, is related to RORγt transcriptional activation. The inverse agonism of RORγt is complex because not all RORγt inverse agonists directly break the agonist lock to interfere with coactivator recruitment and the transcription of RORγt. Here, we analyze the complex structures, binding modes, and biological activities of various RORγt inverse agonists and classify them as "agonist lock touched" and "agonist lock untouched" RORγt inverse agonists according to whether they infringe on the agonist lock directly or not. We aim at providing a comprehensive review and insights into drug discovery of RORγt inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qiong Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Centre for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Obakachi VA, Kushwaha ND, Kushwaha B, Mahlalela MC, Shinde SR, Kehinde I, Karpoormath R. Design and synthesis of pyrazolone-based compounds as potent blockers of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into the host cells. J Mol Struct 2021; 1241:130665. [PMID: 34007088 PMCID: PMC8118388 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. It relies on the fusion of their envelope with the host cell membrane to deliver their nucleocapsid into the host cell. The spike glycoprotein (S) mediates virus entry into cells via the human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) protein located on many cell types and tissues' outer surface. This study, therefore, aimed to design and synthesize novel pyrazolone-based compounds as potential inhibitors that would interrupt the interaction between the viral spike protein and the host cell receptor to prevent SARS-CoV 2 entrance into the cell. A series of pyrazolone compounds as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors were designed and synthesized. Employing computational techniques, the inhibitory potentials of the designed compounds against both spike protein and hACE2 were evaluated. Results of the binding free energy from the in-silico analysis, showed that three compounds (7i, 7k and 8f) and six compounds (7b, 7h, 7k, 8d, 8g, and 8h) showed higher and better binding high affinity to SARS-CoV-2 Sgp and hACE-2, respectively compared to the standard drugs cefoperazone (CFZ) and MLN-4760. Furthermore, the outcome of the structural analysis of the two proteins upon binding of the inhibitors showed that the two proteins (SARS-CoV-2 Sgp and hACE-2) were stable, and the structural integrity of the proteins was not compromised. This study suggests pyrazolone-based compounds might be potent blockers of the viral entry into the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A Obakachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Narva Deshwar Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Babita Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mavela Cleopus Mahlalela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Suraj Raosaheb Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Idowu Kehinde
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Noguchi M, Nomura A, Murase K, Doi S, Yamaguchi K, Hirata K, Shiozaki M, Hirashima S, Kotoku M, Yamaguchi T, Katsuda Y, Steensma R, Li X, Tao H, Tse B, Fenn M, Babine R, Bradley E, Crowe P, Thacher S, Adachi T, Kamada M. Ternary complex of human RORγ ligand-binding domain, inverse agonist and SMRT peptide shows a unique mechanism of corepressor recruitment. Genes Cells 2017; 22:535-551. [PMID: 28493531 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) directly controls the differentiation of Th17 cell and the production of interleukin-17, which plays an integral role in autoimmune diseases. To obtain insight into RORγ, we have determined the first crystal structure of a ternary complex containing RORγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) bound with a novel synthetic inhibitor and a repressor peptide, 22-mer peptide from silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT). Comparison of a binary complex of nonliganded (apo) RORγ-LBD with a nuclear receptor co-activator (NCoA-1) peptide has shown that our inhibitor displays a unique mechanism different from those caused by natural inhibitor, ursolic acid (UA). The compound unprecedentedly induces indirect disruption of a hydrogen bond between His479 on helix 11 (H11) and Tyr502 on H12, which is crucial for active conformation. This crystallographic study will allow us to develop novel synthetic compounds for autoimmune disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Noguchi
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ken Murase
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoki Doi
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamaguchi
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirata
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiozaki
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hirashima
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kotoku
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamaguchi
- Biological Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Katsuda
- Biological Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1125, Japan
| | - Ruo Steensma
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Xioalin Li
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Haiyan Tao
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Bruno Tse
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Morgan Fenn
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Robert Babine
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Erin Bradley
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Paul Crowe
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Scott Thacher
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Adachi
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kamada
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
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