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Sorensen AB, Greisen PJ, Madsen JJ, Lund J, Andersen G, Wulff-Larsen PG, Pedersen AA, Gandhi PS, Overgaard MT, Østergaard H, Olsen OH. A systematic approach for evaluating the role of surface-exposed loops in trypsin-like serine proteases applied to the 170 loop in coagulation factor VIIa. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3747. [PMID: 35260627 PMCID: PMC8904457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases play a major role in many vital physiological processes. Trypsin-like serine proteases (TLPs), in particular, are paramount in proteolytic cascade systems such as blood coagulation and complement activation. The structural topology of TLPs is highly conserved, with the trypsin fold comprising two β-barrels connected by a number of variable surface-exposed loops that provide a surprising capacity for functional diversity and substrate specificity. To expand our understanding of the roles these loops play in substrate and co-factor interactions, we employ a systematic methodology akin to the natural truncations and insertions observed through evolution of TLPs. The approach explores a larger deletion space than classical random or directed mutagenesis. Using FVIIa as a model system, deletions of 1–7 amino acids through the surface exposed 170 loop, a vital allosteric regulator, was introduced. All variants were extensively evaluated by established functional assays and computational loop modelling with Rosetta. The approach revealed detailed structural and functional insights recapitulation and expanding on the main findings in relation to 170 loop functions elucidated over several decades using more cumbersome crystallization and single deletion/mutation methodologies. The larger deletion space was key in capturing the most active variant, which unexpectedly had a six-amino acid truncation. This variant would have remained undiscovered if only 2–3 deletions were considered, supporting the usefulness of the methodology in general protease engineering approaches. Our findings shed further light on the complex role that surface-exposed loops play in TLP function and supports the important role of loop length in the regulation and fine-tunning of enzymatic function throughout evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders B Sorensen
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Ålborg, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper J Madsen
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jacob Lund
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Gorm Andersen
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Michael T Overgaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Ålborg, Denmark
| | | | - Ole H Olsen
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Hu Y, Thaler J, Nieuwland R. Extracellular Vesicles in Human Milk. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1050. [PMID: 34681274 PMCID: PMC8539554 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk supports the growth and development of infants. An increasing number of mostly recent studies have demonstrated that milk contains a hitherto undescribed component called extracellular vesicles (EVs). This presents questions regarding why milk contains EVs and what their function is. Recently, we showed that EVs in human milk expose tissue factor, the protein that triggers coagulation or blood clotting, and that milk-derived EVs promote coagulation. Because bovine milk, which also contains EVs, completely lacks this coagulant activity, important differences are present in the biological functions of human milk-derived EVs between species. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding the presence and biochemical composition of milk EVs, their function(s) and potential clinical applications such as in probiotics, and the unique problems that milk EVs encounter in vivo, including survival of the gastrointestinal conditions encountered in the newborn. The main focus of this review will be human milk-derived EVs, but when available, we will also include information regarding non-human milk for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry and Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Thaler
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry and Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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3
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Ohkubo YZ, Madsen JJ. Uncovering Membrane-Bound Models of Coagulation Factors by Combined Experimental and Computational Approaches. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121:1122-1137. [PMID: 34214998 PMCID: PMC8432591 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the life sciences, including hemostasis and thrombosis, methods of structural biology have become indispensable tools for shedding light on underlying mechanisms that govern complex biological processes. Advancements of the relatively young field of computational biology have matured to a point where it is increasingly recognized as trustworthy and useful, in part due to their high space–time resolution that is unparalleled by most experimental techniques to date. In concert with biochemical and biophysical approaches, computational studies have therefore proven time and again in recent years to be key assets in building or suggesting structural models for membrane-bound forms of coagulation factors and their supramolecular complexes on membrane surfaces where they are activated. Such endeavors and the proposed models arising from them are of fundamental importance in describing and understanding the molecular basis of hemostasis under both health and disease conditions. We summarize the body of work done in this important area of research to drive forward both experimental and computational studies toward new discoveries and potential future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zenmei Ohkubo
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Jesper J Madsen
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
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4
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Madsen JJ, Olsen OH. Conformational Plasticity-Rigidity Axis of the Coagulation Factor VII Zymogen Elucidated by Atomistic Simulations of the N-Terminally Truncated Factor VIIa Protease Domain. Biomolecules 2021; 11:549. [PMID: 33917935 PMCID: PMC8068379 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of coagulation factor VII (FVII), a trypsin-like protease, circulates as the inactive zymogen. Activated FVII (FVIIa) is formed upon proteolytic activation of FVII, where it remains in a zymogen-like state and it is fully activated only when bound to tissue factor (TF). The catalytic domains of trypsin-like proteases adopt strikingly similar structures in their fully active forms. However, the dynamics and structures of the available corresponding zymogens reveal remarkable conformational plasticity of the protease domain prior to activation in many cases. Exactly how ligands and cofactors modulate the conformational dynamics and function of these proteases is not entirely understood. Here, we employ atomistic simulations of FVIIa (and variants hereof, including a TF-independent variant and N-terminally truncated variants) to provide fundamental insights with atomistic resolution into the plasticity-rigidity interplay of the protease domain conformations that appears to govern the functional response to proteolytic and allosteric activation. We argue that these findings are relevant to the FVII zymogen, whose structure has remained elusive despite substantial efforts. Our results shed light on the nature of FVII and demonstrate how conformational dynamics has played a crucial role in the evolutionary adaptation of regulatory mechanisms that were not present in the ancestral trypsin. Exploiting this knowledge could lead to engineering of protease variants for use as next-generation hemostatic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper J. Madsen
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ole H. Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Mallik S, Prasad R, Das K, Sen P. Alcohol functionality in the fatty acid backbone of sphingomyelin guides the inhibition of blood coagulation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3390-3398. [PMID: 35424312 PMCID: PMC8694017 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09218e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface sphingomyelin (SM) inhibits binary and ternary complex activity of blood coagulation by an unknown mechanism. Here we show the OH functionality of SM contributes in forming the close assembly through intermolecular H-bond and through Ca2+ chelation, which restricts the protein–lipid/protein–protein interactions and thus inhibits the coagulation procedure. Cell-surface sphingomyelin (SM) inhibits binary and ternary complex activity of blood coagulation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mallik
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 India
| | - R Prasad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 India
| | - K Das
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 India
| | - P Sen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 India
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6
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Chagas AP, Peixoto BP, Costa BBD, Moreira TA, Cinelli LP, da Silva LL, Miranda-Alves L, Berto-Junior C. Effects of bisphenol A and S on blood coagulation: in vivo, in vitro and in silico approaches in toxicodynamic. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 31:90-99. [PMID: 33054482 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1836102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disruptor with several effects on mammalian systems and has been linked to diseases, such as cancer. Bisphenol S (BPS) emerged as a likely alternative to BPA in industrial production. Despite being well studied and exhibiting BPA-like toxic capacity, many effects are still being elucidated. The blood coagulation system is well controlled in an effort to minimize blood loss. To our knowledge, no study reported actions of bisphenols in this system. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of bisphenols on blood coagulation. Zebrafish were used to measure bleeding time. To assess possible mechanisms, platelet-rich plasma was incubated with both bisphenols in the presence of arachidonic acid. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assays were performed in the presence of BPA and BPS. Alignment of human factor VII sequence was compared to zebrafish and docking simulations performed with FVIIa and bisphenols. An extended time was observed in BPA-treated but not BPS-treated animals in bleeding time; in PT, bisphenols showed no effect. APTT was increased in the highest concentration of bisphenols, with no effects in platelet aggregation, indicating interference with factor VII. Protein alignment showed that both proteins have well conserved residues, as those being required for interaction of FVIIa-BPA and FVIIa-BPS complexes, as shown in molecular docking. Taken together, these data show BPA and BPS as capable of interfering with the coagulation process via FVIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Paes Chagas
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Barros da Costa
- Laboratório de Prospecção em Produtos Bioativos, Grupo de Glicofármacos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamyris Almeida Moreira
- Laboratório de Prospecção em Produtos Bioativos, Grupo de Glicofármacos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Paes Cinelli
- Laboratório de Prospecção em Produtos Bioativos, Grupo de Glicofármacos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Louback da Silva
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório Integrado de Pesquisa - LIC, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental- LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clemilson Berto-Junior
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental- LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Prasad R, Sen P. Phosphatidylcholine in the groove of endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) regulates EPCR conformation and protein C recognition. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:696-704. [PMID: 30281048 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00115d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR), the cellular receptor for protein C (PC), facilitates PC activation through the thrombin/thrombomodulin complex and regulates thrombin generation. Under pathophysiological conditions like sepsis, the interactions between EPCR and PC become impaired. Previous studies have demonstrated that the EPCR contains a phospholipid in the antigen-binding groove that is responsible for the structural stability of the EPCR and for PC recognition. However, an understanding at the atomic level during ligand recognition is not fully developed. Molecular dynamics simulations along with potential of mean force (PMF) calculations were carried out in order to provide molecular insight into the dynamics and free energies of EPCR-PC in the absence/presence of phospholipid, namely lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPCh) and phosphatidylcholine (PCh) in the antigen-binding groove of the EPCR. Our data reveal that the presence of lipid maintains the optimal conformation of the EPCR for PC binding. PMF data further suggest that the PCh system is the most stable in comparison with the other systems (lysoPCh and no lipid). With regards to the two hydrophobic tails of PCh, one lipid tail regulates EPCR conformation while the other promotes ligand recognition by interacting with the keel residue (Phe-4) of PC. Due to the lack of one hydrophobic tail for the lysoPCh system, the EPCR conformation is retained but the affinity of the EPCR towards the ligand (PC) is reduced. Our studies for the first time explore the possible mode of ligand recognition by the EPCR via the involvement of phosphatidylcholine within its hydrophobic groove. The present work provides insight into PCh-dependent ligand recognition and hence regulation of the protein C/EPCR complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Prasad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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8
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Prasad R, Banerjee S, Sen P. Contribution of allosteric disulfide in the structural regulation of membrane-bound tissue factor-factor VIIa binary complex. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3707-3720. [PMID: 30238846 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1526118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two distinct populations, active and cryptic forms of tissue factor (TF), reside on the cell surface. Apart from phospholipid contribution, various models have been introduced to explain decryption/encryption of TF. The proposed model, the switching of Cys186-Cys209 bond of TF, has become the matter of controversy. However, it is well accepted that this disulfide has an immense influence upon ligand factor VIIa (FVIIa) for its binding. However, molecular level understanding for this remains unveiled due to lack of detailed structural information. In this regard, we have performed the molecular dynamic study of membrane-bound TF/TF-FVIIa in both the forms (±Cys186-Cys209 allosteric disulfide bond), individually. Dynamic study depicts that disulfide bond provides structural rigidity of TF in both free and ligand-bound forms. This disulfide bond also governs the conformation of FVIIa structure as well as the binding affinity of FVIIa toward TF. Significant differences in lipid-protein interaction profiles of both the forms of TF in the complex were observed. Two forms of TF, oxidized and reduced, have different structural conformation and behave differentially toward its ligand FVIIa. This disulfide bond not only alters the conformation of GLA domain of FVIIa in the vicinity but allosterically regulates the conformation of the distantly located FVIIa protease domain. We suggest that the redox status of the disulfide bond also governs the lipid-mediated interactions with both TF and FVIIa. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Prasad
- a Department of Biological Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur , Kolkata , India
| | - Suparna Banerjee
- a Department of Biological Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur , Kolkata , India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- a Department of Biological Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur , Kolkata , India
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9
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Das K, Prasad R, Singh A, Bhattacharya A, Roy A, Mallik S, Mukherjee A, Sen P. Protease-activated receptor 2 promotes actomyosin dependent transforming microvesicles generation from human breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1707-1722. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
| | - Ramesh Prasad
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
| | - Arpana Singh
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
| | - Anindita Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
| | - Suman Mallik
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
| | - Ashis Mukherjee
- A Unit of Himadri Memorial Cancer Welfare Trust; Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute; Kolkata India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
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10
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Matrix metalloproteinase-2: A key regulator in coagulation proteases mediated human breast cancer progression through autocrine signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:395-406. [PMID: 29870887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cell invasion is attributed to the synthesis and secretion of proteolytically active matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) by tumor cells to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) and promote metastasis. The role of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in human breast cancer migration/invasion via MMP-2 up-regulation remains ill-defined; hence we investigated whether TF-FVIIa/trypsin-mediated PAR2 activation induces MMP-2 expression in human breast cancer. MAIN METHODS MMP-2 expression and the signaling mechanisms were analyzed by western blotting and RT-PCR. MMP-2 activity was measured by gelatin zymography. Cell invasion was analyzed by transwell invasion assay whereas; wound healing assay was performed to understand the cell migratory potential. KEY FINDINGS Here, we highlight that TF-FVIIa/trypsin-mediated PAR2 activation leads to enhanced MMP-2 expression in human breast cancer cells contributing to tumor progression. Knock-down of PAR2 abrogated TF-FVIIa/trypsin-induced up-regulation of MMP-2. Again, genetic manipulation of AKT or inhibition of NF-ĸB suggested that PAR2-mediated enhanced MMP-2 expression is dependent on the PI3K-AKT-NF-ĸB pathway. We also reveal that TF, PAR2, and MMP-2 are over-expressed in invasive breast carcinoma tissues as compared to normal. Knock-down of MMP-2 significantly impeded TF-FVIIa/trypsin-induced cell invasion. Further, we report that MMP-2 activates p38 MAPK-MK2-HSP27 signaling axis that leads to actin polymerization and induces cell migration. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK or MK2 attenuates MMP-2-induced cell migration. SIGNIFICANCE The study delineates a novel signaling pathway by which PAR2-induced MMP-2 expression regulates human breast cancer cell migration/invasion. Understanding these mechanistic details will certainly help to identify crucial targets for therapeutic interventions in breast cancer metastasis.
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11
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Mallik S, Prasad R, Bhattacharya A, Sen P. Synthesis of Phosphatidylserine and Its Stereoisomers: Their Role in Activation of Blood Coagulation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:434-439. [PMID: 29795755 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural phosphatidylserine (PS), which contains two chiral centers, enhances blood coagulation. However, the process by which PS enhanced blood coagulation is not completely understood. An efficient and flexible synthetic route has been developed to synthesize all of the possible stereoisomers of PS. In this study, we examined the role of PS chiral centers in modulating the activity of the tissue factor (TF)-factor VIIa coagulation initiation complex. Full length TF was relipidated with phosphatidylcholine, and the synthesized PS isomers were individually used to estimate the procoagulant activity of the TF-FVIIa complex via a FXa generation assay. The results revealed that the initiation complex activity was stereoselective and had increased sensitivity to the configuration of the PS glycerol backbone due to optimal protein-lipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mallik
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Ramesh Prasad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Anindita Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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12
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Giansily-Blaizot M, Schved JF. Recombinant human factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in hemophilia: mode of action and evidence to date. Ther Adv Hematol 2017; 8:345-352. [PMID: 29204261 DOI: 10.1177/2040620717737701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is a bypassing agent widely used both in the treatment and prevention of hemorrhagic complications due to hemophilia with inhibitor. In such cases, antihemophilic factors cannot be used. The normal physiology of factor VII/ factor VIIa (FVII/FVIIa) in the hemostatic process requires the presence of tissue factor (TF) that links to FVII leading to a FVIIa-TF complex which activates both factor X and factor IX. The therapeutic use of rFVIIa requires high amount of FVIIa. Some studies demonstrate that FVIIa at high doses still requires tissue factor for function, whereas others suggest that FVIIa activates FX directly on the platelet surface, in a TF-independent manner. In the present article, we discuss the arguments supporting both TF-dependent and TF-independent modes of action. Finally, the coexistence of both TF-dependent and TF-independent mechanisms cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-François Schved
- Hemophilia Treatment Centre, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, CHU Montpellier, 80 avenue A Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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13
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Roy A, Ansari SA, Das K, Prasad R, Bhattacharya A, Mallik S, Mukherjee A, Sen P. Coagulation factor VIIa-mediated protease-activated receptor 2 activation leads to β-catenin accumulation via the AKT/GSK3β pathway and contributes to breast cancer progression. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13688-13701. [PMID: 28522609 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.764670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion are very characteristic features of cancer cells that promote metastasis, which is one of the most common causes of mortality among cancer patients. Emerging evidence has shown that coagulation factors can directly mediate cancer-associated complications either by enhancing thrombus formation or by initiating various signaling events leading to metastatic cancer progression. It is well established that, apart from its distinct role in blood coagulation, coagulation factor FVIIa enhances aggressive behaviors of breast cancer cells, but the underlying signaling mechanisms still remain elusive. To this end, we investigated FVIIa's role in the migration and invasiveness of the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Consistent with previous observations, we observed that FVIIa increased the migratory and invasive potential of these cells. We also provide molecular evidence that protease-activated receptor 2 activation followed by PI3K-AKT activation and GSK3β inactivation is involved in these processes and that β-catenin, a well known tumor-regulatory protein, contributes to this signaling pathway. The pivotal role of β-catenin was further indicated by the up-regulation of its downstream targets cyclin D1, c-Myc, COX-2, MMP-7, MMP-14, and Claudin-1. β-Catenin knockdown almost completely attenuated the FVIIa-induced enhancement of breast cancer migration and invasion. These findings provide a new perspective to counteract the invasive behavior of breast cancer, indicating that blocking PI3K-AKT pathway-dependent β-catenin accumulation may represent a potential therapeutic approach to control breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Roy
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India and
| | - Shabbir A Ansari
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India and
| | - Kaushik Das
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India and
| | - Ramesh Prasad
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India and
| | - Anindita Bhattacharya
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India and
| | - Suman Mallik
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India and
| | - Ashis Mukherjee
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata 700016, India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India and
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14
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Moldogazieva NT, Shaitan KV, Antonov MY, Mokhosoev IM, Levtsova OV, Terentiev AA. Human EGF-derived direct and reverse short linear motifs: conformational dynamics insight into the receptor-binding residues. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:1286-1305. [PMID: 28447543 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1321502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Short linear motifs (SLiMs) have been recognized to perform diverse functions in a variety of regulatory proteins through the involvement in protein-protein interactions, signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, protein secretion, etc. However, detailed molecular mechanisms underlying their functions including roles of definite amino acid residues remain obscure. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that conformational dynamics of amino acid residues in oligopeptides derived from regulatory proteins such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), and pregnancy specific β1-glycoproteins (PSGs) contributes greatly to their biological activities. In the present work, we revealed the 22-member linear modules composed of direct and reverse AFP14-20-like heptapeptide motifs linked by CxxGY/FxGx consensus motif within epidermal growth factor (EGF), growth factors of EGF family and numerous regulatory proteins containing EGF-like modules. We showed, first, the existence of similarity in amino acid signatures of both direct and reverse motifs in terms of their physicochemical properties. Second, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study demonstrated that key receptor-binding residues in human EGF in the aligned positions of the direct and reverse motifs may have similar distribution of conformational probability densities and dynamic behavior despite their distinct physicochemical properties. Third, we found that the length of a polypeptide chain (from 7 to 53 residues) has no effect, while disulfide bridging and backbone direction significantly influence the conformational distribution and dynamics of the residues. Our data may contribute to the atomic level structure-function analysis and protein structure decoding; additionally, they may provide a basis for novel protein/peptide engineering and peptide-mimetic drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbubu T Moldogazieva
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University , 1 Ostrovityanov str., Moscow 117997 , Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Shaitan
- b Faculty of Biology, Department of Bioengineering , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1 Vorobyevy Gory, Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Yu Antonov
- c M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University , 58 Belinskiy str., Yakutsk 677980 , Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) , Russian Federation
| | - Innokenty M Mokhosoev
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University , 1 Ostrovityanov str., Moscow 117997 , Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Levtsova
- b Faculty of Biology, Department of Bioengineering , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1 Vorobyevy Gory, Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Terentiev
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University , 1 Ostrovityanov str., Moscow 117997 , Russian Federation
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15
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Prasad R, Sen P. Molecular determinants involved in differential behaviour between soluble tissue factor and full-length tissue factor towards factor VIIa. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:22230-22242. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02179h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During blood-coagulation, the transmembrane protein tissue factor (TF) binds to its ligand, factor (F)VII, activating and allosterically modifying it to form a mature active binary complex (TF–FVIIa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Prasad
- Department of Biological Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Department of Biological Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
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