1
|
Lin J, Chen S, Zhang C, Liao J, Chen Y, Deng S, Mao Z, Zhang T, Tian N, Song Y, Zeng T. Recent advances in microfluidic technology of arterial thrombosis investigations. Platelets 2024; 35:2316743. [PMID: 38390892 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2316743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has emerged as a powerful tool in studying arterial thrombosis, allowing researchers to construct artificial blood vessels and replicate the hemodynamics of blood flow. This technology has led to significant advancements in understanding thrombosis and platelet adhesion and aggregation. Microfluidic models have various types and functions, and by studying the fabrication methods and working principles of microfluidic chips, applicable methods can be selected according to specific needs. The rapid development of microfluidic integrated system and modular microfluidic system makes arterial thrombosis research more diversified and automated, but its standardization still needs to be solved urgently. One key advantage of microfluidic technology is the ability to precisely control fluid flow in microchannels and to analyze platelet behavior under different shear forces and flow rates. This allows researchers to study the physiological and pathological processes of blood flow, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of arterial thrombosis. In conclusion, microfluidic technology has revolutionized the study of arterial thrombosis by enabling the construction of artificial blood vessels and accurately reproducing hemodynamics. In the future, microfluidics will place greater emphasis on versatility and automation, holding great promise for advancing antithrombotic therapeutic and prophylactic measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital/Shangjin Branch of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunying Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuemei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanying Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tonghao Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Na Tian
- Anesthesiology Department, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yali Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hazare C, Bhagwat P, Singh S, Pillai S. Diverse origins of fibrinolytic enzymes: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26668. [PMID: 38434287 PMCID: PMC10907686 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrinolytic enzymes cleave fibrin which plays a crucial role in thrombus formation which otherwise leads to cardiovascular diseases. While different fibrinolytic enzymes have been purified, only a few have been utilized as clinical and therapeutic agents; hence, the search continues for a fibrinolytic enzyme with high specificity, fewer side effects, and one that can be mass-produced at a lower cost with a higher yield. In this context, this review discusses the physiological mechanism of thrombus formation and fibrinolysis, and current thrombolytic drugs in use. Additionally, an overview of the optimization, production, and purification of fibrinolytic enzymes and the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in optimization and the patents granted is provided. This review classifies microbial as well as non-microbial fibrinolytic enzymes isolated from food sources, including fermented foods and non-food sources, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Despite holding immense potential for the discovery of novel fibrinolytic enzymes, only a few fermented food sources limited to Asian countries have been studied, necessitating the research on fibrinolytic enzymes from fermented foods of other regions. This review will aid researchers in selecting optimal sources for screening fibrinolytic enzymes and is the first one to provide insights and draw a link between the implication of source selection and in vivo application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Hazare
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South AfricaDurban
| | - Prashant Bhagwat
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South AfricaDurban
| | - Suren Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South AfricaDurban
| | - Santhosh Pillai
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South AfricaDurban
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
pour PM, Mahnam K, Taherzadeh M, Ahangarzadeh S, Alibakhshi A, Mohammadi E. The effect of mutation on neurotoxicity reduction of new chimeric reteplase, a computational study. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:404-412. [PMID: 37614611 PMCID: PMC10443662 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.378087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Excitotoxicity in nerve cells is a type of neurotoxicity in which excessive stimulation of receptors (such as N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDAR)) leads to the influx of high-level calcium ions into cells and finally cell damage or death. This complication can occur after taking some of the plasminogen activators like tissue plasminogen activator and reteplase. The interaction of the kringle2 domain in such plasminogen activator with the amino-terminal domain (ATD) of the NR1 subunit of NMDAR finally leads to excitotoxicity. In this study, we assessed the interaction of two new chimeric reteplase, mutated in the kringle2 domain, with ATD and compared the interaction of wild-type reteplase with ATD, computationally. Experimental approach Homology modeling, protein docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and molecular dynamics trajectory analysis were used for the assessment of this interaction. Findings/Results The results of the free energy analysis between reteplase and ATD (wild reteplase: -2127.516 ± 0.0, M1-chr: -1761.510 ± 0.0, M2-chr: -521.908 ± 0.0) showed lower interaction of this chimeric reteplase with ATD compared to the wild type. Conclusion and implications The decreased interaction between two chimeric reteplase and ATD of NR1 subunit in NMDAR which leads to lower neurotoxicity related to these drugs, can be the start of a way to conduct more tests and if the results confirm this feature, they can be considered potential drugs in acute ischemic stroke treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Mohammadi pour
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Mahnam
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahsa Taherzadeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0C7, QC, Canada
| | - Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Alibakhshi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohammadi
- Core Research Facilities, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Haji-Allahverdipoor K, Jalali Javaran M, Rashidi Monfared S, Khadem-Erfan MB, Nikkhoo B, Bahrami Rad Z, Eslami H, Nasseri S. Insights Into The Effects of Amino Acid Substitutions on The Stability of Reteplase Structure: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 21:e3175. [PMID: 36811105 PMCID: PMC9938932 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.308798.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Reteplase (recombinant plasminogen activator, r-PA) is a recombinant protein designed to imitate the endogenous tissue plasminogen activator and catalyze the plasmin production. It is known that the application of reteplase is limited by the complex production processes and protein's stability challenges. Computational redesign of proteins has gained momentum in recent years, particularly as a powerful tool for improving protein stability and consequently its production efficiency. Hence, in the current study, we implemented computational approaches to improve r-PA conformational stability, which fairly correlates with protein's resistance to proteolysis. Objectives The current study was developed in order to evaluate the effect of amino acid substitutions on the stability of reteplase structure using molecular dynamic simulations and computational predictions. Materials and Methods Several web servers designed for mutation analysis were utilized to select appropriate mutations. Additionally, the experimentally reported mutation, R103S, converting wild type r-PA into non-cleavable form, was also employed. Firstly, mutant collection, consisting of 15 structures, was constructed based on the combinations of four designated mutations. Then, 3D structures were generated using MODELLER. Finally, 17 independent 20-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted and different analysis were performed like root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuations (RMSF), secondary structure analysis, number of hydrogen bonds, principal components analysis (PCA), eigenvector projection, and density analysis. Results Predicted mutations successfully compensated the more flexible conformation caused by R103S substitution, so, improved conformational stability was analyzed from MD simulations. In particular, R103S/A286I/G322I indicated the best results and remarkably enhanced the protein stability. Conclusion The conformational stability conferred by these mutations will probably lead to more protection of r-PA in protease-rich environments in various recombinant systems and potentially enhance its production and expression level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Haji-Allahverdipoor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mokhtar Jalali Javaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Rashidi Monfared
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Bagher Khadem-Erfan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikkhoo
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Zhila Bahrami Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Habib Eslami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medicinal sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sherko Nasseri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Piechowski-Jozwiak B, Abidi E, El Nekidy WS, Bogousslavsky J. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Desmoteplase. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:165-176. [PMID: 34893967 PMCID: PMC8664670 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Desmoteplase is a bat (Desmodus rotundus) saliva-derived fibrinolytic enzyme resembling a urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. It is highly dependent on fibrin and has some neuroprotective attributes. Intravenous administration of desmoteplase is safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects. Plasma fibrinolytic activity is linearly related to its blood concentration, its terminal elimination half-life ranges from 3.8 to 4.92 h (50 vs. 90 μg/kg dose). Administration of desmoteplase leads to transitory derangement of fibrinogen, D-dimer, alpha2-antiplasmin, and plasmin and antiplasmin complex which normalize within 4-12 h. It does not alter a prothrombin test, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin fragment 1.2. Desmoteplase was tested in myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism and showed promising results versus alteplase. In ischemic stroke trials, desmoteplase was linked to increased rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages and case fatality. However, data from "The desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke" Trials, DIAS-3 and DIAS-J, suggest that the drug is well tolerated and its safety profile is comparable to placebo. Desmoteplase is theoretically a superior thrombolytic because of high fibrin specificity, no activation of beta-amyloid, and lack of neurotoxicity. It was associated with better outcomes in patients with significant stenosis or occlusion of a proximal precerebral vessels. However, DIAS-4 was stopped as it might have not reached its primary endpoint. Due to its promising properties, desmoteplase may be added into treatment of ischemic stroke with extension of the time window and special emphasis on patients presenting outside the 4.5-h thrombolysis window, with wake-up strokes and strokes of unknown onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Piechowski-Jozwiak
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Emna Abidi
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Wasim S El Nekidy
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Julien Bogousslavsky
- Center for Brain and Nervous System Diseases (Neurocenter), Genolier Swiss Medical Network (Geneva, Lausanne, Glion, Genolier, Fribourg, Zurich), Clinique Valmont, 1823, Glion/Montreux, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Seyedhosseini Ghaheh H, Sajjadi S, Shafiee F, Barzegari E, Moazen F, Mir Mohammad Sadeghi H. Rational design of a new variant of Reteplase with optimized physicochemical profile and large-scale production in Escherichia coli. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:29. [PMID: 34989886 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural engineering of the recombinant thrombolytic drug, Reteplase, and its cost-effective production are important goals in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, a single-point mutant of the protein was rationally designed and evaluated in terms of physicochemical characteristics, enzymatic activity, as well as large-scale production settings. An accurate homology model of Reteplase was used as the input to appropriate tools to identify the aggregation-prone sites, while considering the structural stability. Selected variants underwent extensive molecular dynamic simulations (total 540 ns) to assess their solvation profile and their thermal stability. The Reteplase-fibrin interaction was investigated by docking. The best variant was expressed in E. coli, and Box-Behnken design was used through response surface methodology to optimize its expression conditions. M72R mutant demonstrated appropriate stability, enhanced enzymatic activity (p < 0.05), and strengthened binding to fibrin, compared to the wild type. The optimal conditions for the variant's production in a bioreactor was shown to be 37 ºC, induction with 0.5 mM IPTG, for 2 h of incubation. Under these conditions, the final amount of the produced enzyme was increased by about 23 mg/L compared to the wild type, with an increase in the enzymatic activity by about 2 IU/mL. This study thus offered a new Reteplase variant with nearly all favorable properties, except solubility. The impact of temperature and incubation time on its large-scale production were underlined as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hooria Seyedhosseini Ghaheh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shabnam Sajjadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shafiee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Barzegari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moazen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Mir Mohammad Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|