Interaction of bis(alkylamine)dichloropalladium(II) complexes with CT-DNA and BSA; their synthesis, characterization, antitumor, and antibacterial evaluations

Effect of geometric isomerism on the anticancer property of new platinum complexes with glycine derivatives as asymmetric N, O donate ligands against human cancer

In this project, to fallow the anticancer ability of new Pt drugs, several new Pt complexes were synthesized with the asymmetric bidentate glycine derivatives, as named propyl- and hexyl glycine (L), in the general formula: [Pt(NH3)2(L)]NO3, and cis- and trans-[Pt(L)2]. The structure of two cis- and trans-[Pt(propylgly)2] complexes was proved by single crystallography analysis. However, all complex structures were characterized by various methods of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 195Pt NMR, FTIR, LC-Mass, and Raman spectroscopy. To study the passage of water-soluble complexes of [Pt(NH3)2(L)]NO3 via cell membrane, their solubility, and lipophilicity were analyzed. In addition, the cytotoxic properties of these complexes were evaluated against normal and malignant cell lines (skin, breast, and lung cancer cells). The results indicated that they were either comparable to cisplatin or less damaging than carboplatin and oxaliplatin. It was expected that due to less steric effect, and the presence of length aliphatic hydrocarbon chain in the complex structure, trans-[Pt(hexylgly)2] is more toxic on cancerous cell lines than trans-[Pt(propylgly)2]. Cellular accumulation of all complexes was evaluated on A549 and MCF7 cell lines, and the amount of platinum metal (ng) was measured by the ICP method. Results showed that trans-[Pt(hexylgly)2] complex has the highest accumulation inside both mentioned cell lines and [Pt(NH3)2(L)]NO3 complexes behave like clinical Pt-drugs. Ultimately, the interaction patterns of DNA were examined using spectroscopic methods and molecular docking simulations for all substances.

Synthetic approach toward spiro quinoxaline-β-lactam based heterocyclic compounds: Spectral characterization, SAR, pharmacokinetic and biomolecular interaction studies

Series of spiro quinoxaline-β-lactam based heterocyclic compounds (QL 1 - QL 21) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques like ¹H-NMR, LC-MS, FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The binding mode and binding strength between compounds and calf thymus-DNA were estimated by UV-visible spectroscopy, viscosity measurement and molecular docking studies. The compounds bind with the DNA through partial intercalation mode. In the absorption titration experiment, the K_b values for all the synthesized compounds were found in the range of 0.24-0.64 × 10⁵ M^-1. The protein binding studies of all the synthesized compounds were evaluated by absorption titration experiment, and the K_b value for all the compounds was obtained in the range of 0.030-1.571 × 10⁴ M^-1. The compounds were screened against two Gram (+ve) and three Gram (-ve) bacteria for antimicrobial activity. The MIC values for all the synthesized compounds were found in 95-255 µM. The LC₅₀ values (cytotoxicity) of the synthesized compounds (QL 1-QL 21) were found in the range of 4.00-12.89 µg/mL. The ADME study was carried out using the online platform SwissADME and admetSAR to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of all the synthesized compounds. All the compounds were screened for anticancer activity against the human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell line. The result shows that all the compounds exhibit effective anticancer activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

A novel palladium(II) antitumor agent: Synthesis, characterization, DFT perspective, CT-DNA and BSA interaction studies via in-vitro and in-silico approaches

Since numerous people annually pass away due to cancer, research in this field is essential. Thus a newly made and water like palladium(II) complex of formula [Pd(phen)(acac)]NO₃, where phen is 1,10-phenanthroline and acac is acetylacetonato ligand, has been synthesized by the reaction between [Pd(phen)(H₂O)₂](NO₃)₂ and sodium salt of acetylacetone in the molar ratio of 1:1. It has been structurally characterized via the methods such as conductivity measurement, elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, UV-Vis and ¹H NMR). The geometry optimization of this complex at the DFT level of theory reveals that Pd(II) atom is situated in a square-planar geometry. The complex has been screened for its antitumor activity against K562 cancer cells which demonstrated efficacious activity. The interaction of above palladium(II) complex with CT-DNA as a target molecule for antitumor agents and BSA as a transport protein was studies by a variety of techniques. The results of UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission indicated that the Pd(II) complex interacts with EB + CT-DNA through hydrophobic and with BSA by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces at very low concentrations. In these processes, the fluorescence quenching mechanism of both the macromolecules seems to be the combined dynamic and static. The interaction was further supported for CT-DNA by carrying out the gel electrophoresis and viscosity measurement and for BSA by the circular dichroism and Förster resonance energy transfer experiments. Furthermore, results of partition coefficient determination showed that the [Pd(phen)(acac)]NO₃ complex is more lipophilic than that of cisplatin. Moreover, molecular docking simulation confirms the obtained results from experimental tests and reveals that the complex tends to be located at the intercalation site of DNA and Sudlow's site I of BSA.

Multispectroscopic analysis, atomic force microscopy, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies of the interaction between [SnMe2Cl2(Me2phen)] complex and ct-DNA in the presence of glucose

In this study, the spectroscopic methods (UV-vis, fluorimetric), Atomic force microscopy, and computational studies (molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation) were used to investigate the interaction of [SnMe₂Cl₂(Me₂phen)] complex with CT-DNA in the presence of glucose. The results showed the complex in the medium containing glucose has less effect on calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) than the medium without glucose. Cytotoxicity of [SnMe₂Cl₂(Me₂phen)] complex on MCF-7 cells was examined and showed Sn(IV) complex possesses potential cytotoxicity against this cell line. Molecular docking study showed that Sn(IV) complex interacts with DNA by groove binding mode. Radius of gyration (Rg) was smaller upon binding of the Sn(IV) complex suggesting a more compact structure of DNA in the presence of Sn(IV) complex.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.