Synthesis, antimicrobial activities, docking studies and computational calculations of new bis-1,4-phenylene -1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives utilized ultrasonic energy

Chitosan-based Schiff base polymer derived from acetyl triazolyl uracil: Synthesis, characterization, evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and density functional theory calculations

This work aimed to synthesize a new acetyl triazolyl uracil (UT) compound and subsequently utilize it to obtain a new chitosan-based Schiff base polymer (CH-UT). The new derivative was characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD, TGA, DSC, and SEM analyses. Both UT and CH-UT were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results demonstrated that the CH-UT displayed significant antibacterial activity against E. coli and L. monocytogenes, with inhibition ability of 44 % and 53 %, respectively, and low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 31 μg/mL for E. coli and 15 μg/mL for L. monocytogenes. Additionally, the biofilm inhibitory activity showed that chitosan alone reduced E. coli biofilms by 10.25 %, whereas the combination of chitosan with UT in CH-UT increased inhibition to 43.00 %. The maximum biofilm inhibition for S. aureus was 42.02 % with UT alone, surpassing both chitosan and CH-UT. Furthermore, the CH-UT derivative showed notable antioxidant activity, with a value of 72.76 %. Results from frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) analysis indicated that CH-UT exhibits higher reactivity due to its lower HOMO-LUMO energy gap and modified structure. The triazole group in CH-UT contributes to its potential antibacterial activity through hydrogen bonding and electronic properties.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis and antitumor evaluation of novel variant heterocyclic compounds based on piperidine ring

Aim: This work explores the eco-friendly synthesis of various heterocycles from a piperidine-based compound (1) and explore their potential as antitumor agents.Materials & methods: Ultrasonic irradiation was used to synthesize heterocycles like pyridone, thiophene and coumarin, with computational tools analyzing stability and biological interactions.Results: Compounds 9 and 14 exhibit strong cytotoxic activity, surpassing doxorubicin. Compounds 2, 6, 10 and 13 exhibited intermediate activity, while compounds 3, 7 and 12 had minimal effects. Docking studies suggest potential ADORA1 receptor interaction. Computational tools analyze stability and interaction with biological systems, revealing potential antitumor mechanisms.Conclusion: Green synthesis of diverse heterocycles yielded potent antitumor agents (compounds 9 & 14). DFT and Docking studies suggest interaction with ADORA1 receptor, a potential mechanism.

Recent advances in 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazole hybrids as antimicrobials and their SAR: A critical review

With the widespread use and sometimes even abuse of antibiotics, the problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become very serious, and it is posing a great threat to global health. Therefore, development of new antibiotics is imperative. Triazoles are five-membered, nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic scaffolds, with two isomeric forms, i.e. 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Triazole-containing compounds have a wide range of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-HIV, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, analgesic, and etc. The bioactivities and the diversity of triazole-containing drugs have attracted wide interest in these heterocycles. Various antibiotic triazole hybrids have been developed, and most of which have shown potent antimicrobial activities. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in triazole hybrids as potential antibacterial agents and their structure-activity relationships (SARs). The information gained through SAR studies will provide further insights into the development of new triazole antimicrobials.

Ultrasonic-induced synthesis of novel diverse arylidenes via Knoevenagel condensation reaction. Antitumor, QSAR, docking and DFT assessment

A series of arylidenes derivatives was synthesized under ultrasonic methodology via Knoevenagel condensation reaction of cyanoacetohydrazide derivative with the appropriate aldehydes and/or ketone. The anticancer properties of the newly synthesized compounds were tested against four different human cancer cell lines (HEPG-2, MCF-7, HCT-116, and PC-3); compounds 5d and 6 demonstrated the greatest anticancer activity against all cancer cell lines. The MLR technique was used to create the QSAR model using five molecular descriptors (AATS6p, AATS7p, AATS8p, AATS0i, and SpMax4_Bhv). The examination of the constructed QSAR model equations revealed that the selected descriptors influence the tested compound's anti-proliferative activity. The descriptors identified in this work by QSAR models can be utilized to predict the anticancer activity levels of novel arylidenes derivatives. This will allow for significant cost savings in the drug development process and synthesis at pharmaceutical chemistry laboratories. According to the physicochemical properties, the results revealed that all of these compounds comply with Lipinski's Rule of Five, indicating that they may have high permeability across biological membranes and reveal drug-relevant properties. The Swiss Target Prediction webtool was used to assess the probable cellular mechanism for the promising candidate compounds (5d and 6), and the results revealed that adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1) was a common target for both compounds. ADORA1 is involved in the regulation of cell metabolism and gene transcription. ADORA1 overexpression has been linked to a variety of cancers, including colon cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, and melanoma. The docking study of tested compounds 5d and 6 revealed that their binding scores to ADORA1 are more favorable than those of its co-crystalized ligand (DU172, selective ADORA1 antagonist) and adenosine (ADORA1 endogenous agonist), implying that they may hold great promise as an anti-cancer therapy. Density functional theory (DFT) with a (B3LYP)/6-31G (d,p) basis set was used to calculate the physicochemical parameters of these compounds. The theoretical data from the DFT computation was found to be in good agreement with the experimental values.