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Mustafa M, Abbas K, Alam M, Habib S, Zulfareen, Hasan GM, Islam S, Shamsi A, Hassan I. Investigating underlying molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, emerging therapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1427802. [PMID: 39087024 PMCID: PMC11288929 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1427802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a clinically challenging malignancy constitutes a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality, characterized by an inherently poor prognosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by examining its multifaceted etiologies, including genetic mutations and environmental factors. The review explains the complex molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and summarizes current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and emerging modalities such as immunotherapy. Critical molecular pathways driving pancreatic cancer development, including KRAS, Notch, and Hedgehog, are discussed. Current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are discussed, with an emphasis on their limitations, particularly in terms of postoperative relapse. Promising research areas, including liquid biopsies, personalized medicine, and gene editing, are explored, demonstrating the significant potential for enhancing diagnosis and treatment. While immunotherapy presents promising prospects, it faces challenges related to immune evasion mechanisms. Emerging research directions, encompassing liquid biopsies, personalized medicine, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and computational intelligence applications, hold promise for refining diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions. By integrating insights from genetic, molecular, and clinical research, innovative strategies that improve patient outcomes can be developed. Ongoing research in these emerging fields holds significant promise for advancing the diagnosis and treatment of this formidable malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Kashif Abbas
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mudassir Alam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Zulfareen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidra Islam
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research (CMBHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Mustafa M, Habib S, Imtiyaz K, Tufail N, Ahmad R, Hamim B, Abbas K, Ahmad W, Khan S, Moinuddin, Rizvi MMA, Hassan MI, Siddiqui SA. Characterization of structural, genotoxic, and immunological effects of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) induced DNA modifications: Implications for inflammation-driven carcinogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131743. [PMID: 38653426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Genotoxic DNA damaging agents are the choice of chemicals for studying DNA repair pathways and the associated genome instability. One such preferred laboratory chemical is methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). MMS, an SN2-type alkylating agent known for its ability to alkylate adenine and guanine bases, causes strand breakage. Exploring the outcomes of MMS interaction with DNA and the associated cytotoxicity will pave the way to decipher how the cell confronts methylation-associated stress. This study focuses on an in-depth understanding of the structural instability, induced antigenicity on the DNA molecule, cross-reactive anti-DNA antibodies, and cytotoxic potential of MMS in peripheral lymphocytes and cancer cell lines. The findings are decisive in identifying the hazardous nature of MMS to alter the intricacies of DNA and morphology of the cell. Structural alterations were assessed through UV-Vis, fluorescence, liquid chromatography, and mass spectroscopy (LCMS). The thermal instability of DNA was analyzed using duplex melting temperature profiles. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed gross topographical and morphological changes. MMS-modified DNA exhibited increased antigenicity in animal subjects. MMS was quite toxic for the cancer cell lines (HCT116, A549, and HeLa). This research will offer insights into the potential role of MMS in inflammatory carcinogenesis and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
| | - Khalid Imtiyaz
- Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Neda Tufail
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Bazigha Hamim
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Kashif Abbas
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Waleem Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shifa Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - M Moshahid A Rizvi
- Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahid Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Radiation, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Rajasthan, India
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Ahmad R, Warsi MS, Abidi M, Habib S, Siddiqui S, Khan H, Nabi F, Moinuddin. Structural perturbations induced by cumulative action of methylglyoxal and peroxynitrite on human fibrinogen: An in vitro and in silico approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 307:123500. [PMID: 37989033 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO); a reducing sugar and a dicarbonyl; attaches to the biomolecules (proteins, lipids, and DNA) leading to glycation and accumulation of oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Superoxide anion formed under such conditions entraps free nitric oxide radical (NO) to form peroxynitrite (PON). Nitro-oxidative stress due to PON is well established. Human fibrinogen plays a key role in haemostasis and is a highly vulnerable target for oxidation. Modifications of fibrinogen can potentially disrupt its structure and function. Earlier evidence suggested that glycation and nitro-oxidation lead to protein aggregation by making it resistant to lysis. This study aims to reveal the structural perturbations on fibrinogen in the presence of MGO and PON synergistically. The in vitro glyco-nitro-oxidation of human fibrinogen by MGO and PON leads to substantial structural alterations, as evident by biophysical and biochemical studies. In-silico results revealed the formation of stable complexes. UV-visible, intrinsic fluorescence, and circular dichroism investigations confirmed the synergistic effect of MGO and PON caused micro-structural modifications leading to secondary structural alterations. AGEs formation in MGO-modified fibrinogen reduced the free lysine and free arginine residues which were quantified by TNBS and phenanthrenequinone assays. Enhanced oxidative status was confirmed by estimating carbonyl content. ANS fluorophore validated exposure of hydrophobic patches in modified protein and thioflavin-T showed maximum binding with synergistically modified fibrinogen, indicated the formation of β-sheet. Confocal and electron microscope results corroborated the formation of aggregates. This study, therefore, evaluated the impact of MGO and PON on the structural integrity, oxidative status and aggregate formation of fibrinogen that can aggravate metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Sharib Warsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Minhal Abidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sana Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hamda Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Khan S, Ali A, Moinuddin, Mir AR, Khan RH, Alhumaydhi FA, Habib S. 4-Chloro-orthophenylenediamine alters DNA integrity and affects cell survival: inferences from a computational, biophysical/biochemical, microscopic and cell-based study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:14176-14187. [PMID: 34762004 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious impact of toxic constituents of hair dyes over the human health has gained immense attention in the recent past. Their oncogenicity, mutagenicity, role in protein modification, impact on cellular metabolism has been documented. There is little information on the mechanism of reactivity of hair dye components with the nucleic acids and its implications. This work, therefore, uses computational, biophysical/biochemical, microscopic and cell-based study to analyze the interaction of monocyclic aromatic amine and a hair dye component, 4-chloro-orthophenylenediamine (4-Cl-OPD) with the DNA, its impact on DNA structure and cell survival. The results suggest that 4-Cl-OPD binds with the DNA in minor groove of the duplex involving three base pairs preferentially the G-C residues, induces strand breaks and makes DNA thermally labile through loss of hydrogen bonding/base unstacking. 4-Cl-OPD causes fragmentation of DNA, reduction in size of the molecule, alters B-DNA conformation and disrupts its secondary structure. The modified DNA gives fragmented appearance, shows broken strands and aggregation in ultra-structural analysis. 4-Cl-OPD induces ROS generation in lymphocytes, increases the comet's average tail length and reduces the viability of lymphocytes. This study forms a base for establishing the direct toxicity of 4-Cl-OPD at the molecular and cellular level through direct production of superoxide radicalCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Abdul Rouf Mir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Raza A, Mahmood R, Habib S, Talha M, Khan S, Hashmi MA, Mohammad T, Ali A. Fructosylation of human insulin causes AGEs formation, structural perturbations and morphological changes: an in silico and multispectroscopic study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2098820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Talha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shifa Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Amiruddin Hashmi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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