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Dobhal K, Garg R, Singh A, Semwal A. Insight into the Natural Biomolecules (BMs): Promising Candidates as Zika Virus Inhibitors. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:e020224226681. [PMID: 38318833 DOI: 10.2174/0118715265272414231226092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is among the relatively new infectious disease threats that include SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, monkeypox (Mpox) virus, etc. ZIKV has been reported to cause severe health risks to the fetus. To date, satisfactory treatment is still not available for the treatment of ZIKV infection. This review examines the last five years of work using natural biomolecules (BMs) to counteract the ZIKV through virtual screening and in vitro investigations. Virtual screening has identified doramectin, pinocembrin, hesperidins, epigallocatechin gallate, pedalitin, and quercetin as potentially active versus ZIKV infection. In vitro, testing has shown that nordihydroguaiaretic acid, mefloquine, isoquercitrin, glycyrrhetinic acid, patentiflorin-A, rottlerin, and harringtonine can reduce ZIKV infections in cell lines. However, in vivo, testing is limited, fortunately, emetine, rottlerin, patentiflorin-A, and lycorine have shown in vivo anti- ZIKV potential. This review focuses on natural biomolecules that show a particularly high selective index (>10). There is limited in vivo and clinical trial data for natural BMs, which needs to be an active area of investigation. This review aims to compile the known reference data and discuss the barriers associated with discovering and using natural BM agents to control ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Dobhal
- College of Pharmacy, Shivalik College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ruchika Garg
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen Universities, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Alka Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Semwal
- College of Pharmacy, Shivalik College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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De Tran Q, Nguyen CQ, Dang QL, Minh Nguyen TH, Buu Hue BT, Thi Le MU, Tuan NT, Chau Thanh NQ, Men TT, Quan PM, Tuan ND, Cam TT, Thu Thuy NT, Bich Hau VT, Binh TD, Nguyen HP. ZIKV Inhibitors Based on Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyridazine-7-one Core: Rational Design, In Vitro Evaluation, and Theoretical Studies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48994-49008. [PMID: 38162759 PMCID: PMC10753549 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is believed to cause birth defects, and no anti-ZIKV drugs have been approved by medical organizations to date. Starting from antimicrobial lead compounds with a pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazine-7-one scaffold, we synthesized 16 derivatives and screened their ability to interfere with ZIKV infection utilizing a cell-based phenotypic assay. Of these, five compounds showed significant inhibition of ZIKV with a selective index value greater than 4.6. In particular, compound 9b showed the best anti-ZIKV activity with a selectivity index of 22.4 (half-maximal effective concentration = 25.6 μM and 50% cytotoxic concentration = 572.4 μM). Through the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, 9b, 10b, 12, 17a, and 19a showed median lethal dose values in a range of 87.2-100.3 μg/mL. Compound 9b was also targeted to the NS2B-NS3 protease of ZIKV using molecular docking protocols, in which it acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor and strongly bound to five key amino acids (His51, Asp75, Ser135, Ala132, Tyr161). Utilizing the pharmacophore model of 9b, the top 20 hits were identified as prospective inhibitors of NS2B-NS3 protease, and six of them were confirmed for their stability with the protease via redocking and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang De Tran
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
- Analytical
Techniques Lab (1.16-AT Department of Chemistry L), CTU High-tech
Building, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Quoc Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
- Analytical
Techniques Lab (1.16-AT Department of Chemistry L), CTU High-tech
Building, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
| | - Quang Le Dang
- Institute
for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy
of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
- Graduate
University of Science and Technology, Vietnam
Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Minh Nguyen
- Department
of Life Science, University of Science and
Technology of Ha Noi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Buu Hue
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
| | - Minh Uyen Thi Le
- Department
of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, Indiana, United States
| | - Nguyen Trong Tuan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quoc Chau Thanh
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thanh Men
- Department
of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Minh Quan
- Graduate
University of Science and Technology, Vietnam
Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
- Institute
of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy
of Science and Technology, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, No 1 Yersin, Hai Ba Trung, Ha Noi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Bich Hau
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, No 1 Yersin, Hai Ba Trung, Ha Noi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Duy Binh
- Department
of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
| | - Hong Phuong Nguyen
- Department
of Pediatrics, Indiana University School
of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, Indiana, United States
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Pereira RS, Santos FCP, Campana PRV, Costa VV, de Pádua RM, Souza DG, Teixeira MM, Braga FC. Natural Products and Derivatives as Potential Zika virus Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051211. [PMID: 37243296 DOI: 10.3390/v15051211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus whose infection in humans can lead to severe outcomes. This article reviews studies reporting the anti-ZIKV activity of natural products (NPs) and derivatives published from 1997 to 2022, which were carried out with NPs obtained from plants (82.4%) or semisynthetic/synthetic derivatives, fungi (3.1%), bacteria (7.6%), animals (1.2%) and marine organisms (1.9%) along with miscellaneous compounds (3.8%). Classes of NPs reported to present anti-ZIKV activity include polyphenols, triterpenes, alkaloids, and steroids, among others. The highest values of the selectivity index, the ratio between cytotoxicity and antiviral activity (SI = CC50/EC50), were reported for epigallocatechin gallate (SI ≥ 25,000) and anisomycin (SI ≥ 11,900) obtained from Streptomyces bacteria, dolastane (SI = 1246) isolated from the marine seaweed Canistrocarpus cervicorni, and the flavonol myricetin (SI ≥ 862). NPs mostly act at the stages of viral adsorption and internalization in addition to presenting virucidal effect. The data demonstrate the potential of NPs for developing new anti-ZIKV agents and highlight the lack of studies addressing their molecular mechanisms of action and pre-clinical studies of efficacy and safety in animal models. To the best of our knowledge, none of the active compounds has been submitted to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Santos Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Françoise Camila Pereira Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Maia de Pádua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniele G Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernão Castro Braga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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In Silico Identification of 1-DTP Inhibitors of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Using Phytochemicals from Andrographis paniculata. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020909. [PMID: 36677967 PMCID: PMC9862189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A number of phytochemicals have been identified as promising drug molecules against a variety of diseases using an in-silico approach. The current research uses this approach to identify the phyto-derived drugs from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees (AP) for the treatment of diphtheria. In the present study, 18 bioactive molecules from Andrographis paniculata (obtained from the PubChem database) were docked against the diphtheria toxin using the AutoDock vina tool. Visualization of the top four molecules with the best dockscore, namely bisandrographolide (-10.4), andrographiside (-9.5), isoandrographolide (-9.4), and neoandrographolide (-9.1), helps gain a better understanding of the molecular interactions. Further screening using molecular dynamics simulation studies led to the identification of bisandrographolide and andrographiside as hit compounds. Investigation of pharmacokinetic properties, mainly ADMET, along with Lipinski's rule and binding affinity considerations, narrowed down the search for a potent drug to bisandrographolide, which was the only molecule to be negative for AMES toxicity. Thus, further modification of this compound followed by in vitro and in vivo studies can be used to examine itseffectiveness against diphtheria.
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Sundar S, Piramanayagam S, Natarajan J. A review on structural genomics approach applied for drug discovery against three vector-borne viral diseases: Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika. Virus Genes 2022; 58:151-171. [PMID: 35394596 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Structural genomics involves the advent of three-dimensional structures of the genome encoded proteins through various techniques available. Numerous structural genomics research groups have been developed across the globe and they contribute enormously to the identification of three-dimensional structures of various proteins. In this review, we have discussed the applications of the structural genomics approach towards the discovery of potential lead-like molecules against the genomic drug targets of three vector-borne diseases, namely, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika. Currently, all these three diseases are associated with the most important global public health problems and significant economic burden in tropical countries. Structural genomics has accelerated the identification of novel drug targets and inhibitors for the treatment of these diseases. We start with the current development status of the drug targets and antiviral drugs against these three diseases and conclude by describing challenges that need to be addressed to overcome the shortcomings in the process of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobana Sundar
- Computational Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Jeyakumar Natarajan
- Data Mining and Text Mining Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Tarachand SP, Thirumoorthy G, Lakshmaiah VV, Nagella P. In silico molecular docking study of Andrographis paniculata phytochemicals against TNF-α as a potent anti-rheumatoid drug. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2687-2697. [PMID: 35147481 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2037463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine which plays a crucial role in controlling inflammatory responses. The pathway of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leading to TNF-alpha is activated by macrophages and quite often by natural killer cells and lymphocytes. In the inflammatory phase, it is believed to be the main mediator and to be anchored with the progression of different diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The major goal of this study is to use in silico docking studies to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of a bioactive molecule from the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata. The three-dimensional structures of different phytochemicals of A. paniculata were obtained from PubChem database, and the receptor protein was derived from PDB database. Docking analysis was executed using AutoDock vina, and the binding energies were compared. Bisandrographolide A and Andrographidine C revealed the highest score of -8.6 Kcal/mol, followed by, Neoandrographolide (-8.5 Kcal/mol). ADME and toxicity parameters were evaluated for these high scoring ligands and results showed that Andrographidine C could be a potent drug, whereas Neoandrographolide and Bisandrographolide A can be modified in in vitro and can lead to a promising drug. Further, the top scorer (Andrographidine C) and control drug (Leflunomide) were subjected to 100 ns MD Simulation. The protein complex with Andrographidine C had more stable confirmation with lower RMSD (0.28 nm) and higher binding energy (-133.927 +/- 13.866 kJ/mol). In conclusion, Andrographidine C may be a potent surrogate to the disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD's) & Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) that has fewer or minor adverse effects and can aid in RA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma Pooja Tarachand
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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