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Wu B, Yu H, Lei P, He J, Yi J, Wu W, Wang H, Yang Q, Zeng G, Sun D. Microplastics in aquatic ecosystems: Detection, source tracing, and sustainable management strategies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2025; 291:117883. [PMID: 39965319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants characterized by persistence, cross-media transport, and complex pollutant interactions, posing serious ecotoxicological risks to ecosystems and human health. Effective MPs management requires multi-faced, long-term, strategies involving targeted sampling, quantitative detection, and comprehensive risk assessments, all of which entail significant resource investment. Despite advancements in remediation technologies, a holistic governance framework integrating these innovations remains underdeveloped. This review synthesizes current knowledge on MPs, elaborating on their diverse morphologies, degradation pathways, and their role as vectors for toxic substances. State-of-the-art extraction techniques are evaluated in this article, including micropore adsorption using nanocomposites, alongside the incorporation of advanced analytical tools such as spectroscopic methods, electron microscopy, and bioinformatics to augment environmental forensics. This review also underscores the necessity of formulating robust global policies to regulate MPs pollution and discusses the potential of biodegradation and thermal degradation as sustainable solutions for MPs removal. By promoting an interdisciplinary approach, this review advocates for a coordinated global response, integrating environmental science, policy frameworks, and waste management strategies to mitigate the escalating impact of MPs on ecosystems and human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihui Wu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Pengyu Lei
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiaxuan He
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jia Yi
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hanbing Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guoming Zeng
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Da Sun
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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