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Damasceno DC, Sinzato YK, Lima PH, de Souza MS, Campos KE, Dallaqua B, Calderon IM, Rudge MV, Volpato GT. Effects of exposure to cigarette smoke prior to pregnancy in diabetic rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2011; 3:20. [PMID: 21851636 PMCID: PMC3170573 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-3-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cigarette smoke exposure before pregnancy on diabetic rats and their offspring development. METHODS Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin and cigarette smoke exposure was conducted by mainstream smoke generated by a mechanical smoking device and delivered into a chamber. Diabetic female Wistar rats were randomly distributed in four experimental groups (n minimum = 13/group): nondiabetic (ND) and diabetic rats exposed to filtered air (D), diabetic rats exposed to cigarette smoke prior to and into the pregnancy period (DS) and diabetic rats exposed to cigarette smoke prior to pregnancy period (DSPP). At day 21 of pregnancy, rats were killed for maternal biochemical determination and reproductive outcomes. RESULTS The association of diabetes and cigarette smoke in DSPP group caused altered glycemia at term, reduced number of implantation and live fetuses, decreased litter and maternal weight, increased pre and postimplantation loss rates, reduced triglyceride and VLDL-c concentrations, increased levels of thiol groups and MDA. Besides, these dams presented increased SOD and GSH-Px activities. However, the increased antioxidant status was not sufficient to prevent the lipid peroxidation observed in these animals. CONCLUSION Despite the benefits stemming from smoking interruption during the pregnancy of diabetic rats, such improvement was insufficient to avoid metabolic alterations and provide an adequate intrauterine environment for embryofetal development. Therefore, these results suggest that it is necessary to cease smoking extensive time before planning pregnancy, since stopping smoking only when pregnancy is detected may not contribute effectively to fully adequate embryofetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora C Damasceno
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yuri K Sinzato
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Paula H Lima
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Maricelma S de Souza
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
- Pharmacology Department, University of Marilia_UNIMAR, Marilia, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Kleber E Campos
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of Araguaia, Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT), Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dallaqua
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Iracema M Calderon
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Marilza V Rudge
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo T Volpato
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of Araguaia, Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT), Mato Grosso, Brazil
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