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Zhang G, Chu Y, Jiang T, Li J, Feng L, Wu H, Wang H, Feng J. Comparative analysis of the daily brain transcriptomes of Asian particolored bat. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3876. [PMID: 35264653 PMCID: PMC8907190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily rhythms are found in almost all organisms, and they comprise one of the most basic characteristics of living things. Daily rhythms are generated and mainly regulated by circadian clock. Bats have attracted interest from researchers because of their unique biological characteristics. However, little is known about the molecular underpinnings of daily rhythms in bats. In this study, we used RNA-Seq to uncover the daily rhythms of gene expression in the brains of Asian particolored bats over the 24-h day. Accordingly, four collected time points corresponding to four biological states, rest, sleep, wakefulness, and active, were selected. Several groups of genes with different expression levels in these four states were obtained suggested that different physiological processes were active at various biological states, including drug metabolism, signaling pathways, and the circadian rhythm. Furthermore, downstream analysis of all differentially expressed genes in these four states suggested that groups of genes showed daily rhythms in the bat brain. Especially for Per1, an important circadian clock gene was identified with rhythmic expression in the brain of Asian particolored bat. In summary, our study provides an overview of the brain transcriptomic differences in different physiological states over a 24-h cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yujia Chu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tinglei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Jiang Feng
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
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Ito T, Yamamoto Y, Yamagishi N, Kanai Y. Stomach secretes estrogen in response to the blood triglyceride levels. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1364. [PMID: 34876651 PMCID: PMC8651635 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals receive body energy information to maintain energy homeostasis. Ghrelin, insulin, leptin and vagal afferents transmit the status of fasting, blood glucose, body fat, and food intake, respectively. Estrogen also inhibits feeding behavior and lipogenesis, but increases body fat mass. However, how blood triglyceride levels are monitored and the physiological roles of estrogen from the perspective of lipid homeostasis remain unsettled. Here, we show that stomach secretes estrogen in response to the blood triglyceride levels. Estrogen-secreting gastric parietal cells predominantly use fatty acids as an energy source. Blood estrogen levels increase as blood triglyceride levels rise in a stomach-dependent manner. Estrogen levels in stomach tissues increase as blood triglyceride levels rise, and isolated gastric gland epithelium produces estrogen in a fatty acid-dependent manner. We therefore propose that stomach monitors and controls blood triglyceride levels using estrogen, which inhibits feeding behavior and lipogenesis, and promotes triglyceride uptake by adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ito
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamagishi
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kanai
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
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de Goede P, Sen S, Su Y, Foppen E, Poirel VJ, Challet E, Kalsbeek A. An Ultradian Feeding Schedule in Rats Affects Metabolic Gene Expression in Liver, Brown Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle with Only Mild Effects on Circadian Clocks. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3171. [PMID: 30326619 PMCID: PMC6214081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Restricted feeding is well known to affect expression profiles of both clock and metabolic genes. However, it is unknown whether these changes in metabolic gene expression result from changes in the molecular clock or in feeding behavior. Here we eliminated the daily rhythm in feeding behavior by providing 6 meals evenly distributed over the light/dark-cycle. Animals on this 6-meals-a-day feeding schedule retained the normal day/night difference in physiological parameters including body temperature and locomotor activity. The daily rhythm in respiratory exchange ratio (RER), however, was significantly phase-shifted through increased utilization of carbohydrates during the light phase and increased lipid oxidation during the dark phase. This 6-meals-a-day feeding schedule did not have a major impact on the clock gene expression rhythms in the master clock, but did have mild effects on peripheral clocks. In contrast, genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism showed differential expression. In conclusion, eliminating the daily rhythm in feeding behavior in rats does not affect the master clock and only mildly affects peripheral clocks, but disturbs metabolic rhythms in liver, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue in a tissue-dependent manner. Thereby, a clear daily rhythm in feeding behavior strongly regulates timing of peripheral metabolism, separately from circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Satish Sen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
- Circadian Clocks & Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Yan Su
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent-Joseph Poirel
- Melatonin and Seasonal Rhythms Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Etienne Challet
- Circadian Clocks & Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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