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Yilmaz A, Li P, Kalsbeek A, Buijs RM, Hu K. Differential Fractal and Circadian Patterns in Motor Activity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats at the Stage of Prehypertension. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200324. [PMID: 37017509 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
One possible pathological mechanism underlying hypertension and its related health consequences is dysfunction of the circadian system-a network of coupled circadian clocks that generates and orchestrates rhythms of ≈24 h in behavior and physiology. To better understand the role of circadian function during the development of hypertension, circadian regulation of motor activity is investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) before the onset of hypertension and in their age-matched controls-Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs). Two complementary properties in locomotor activity fluctuations are examined to assessthe multiscale regulatory function of the circadian control network: 1) rhythmicity at ≈24 h and 2) fractal patterns-similar temporal correlation at different time scales (≈0.5-8 h). Compared to WKYs, SHRs have more stable and less fragmented circadian activity rhythms but the changes in the rhythms (e.g., period and amplitude) from constant dark to light conditions are reduced or opposite. SHRs also have altered fractal activity patterns, displaying activity fluctuations with excessive regularity at small timescales that are linked to rigid physiological states. These different rhythmicity/fractal patterns and their different responses to light in SHRs indicate that an altered circadian function may be involved in the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Yilmaz
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105BA, The Netherlands
| | - Peng Li
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105BA, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, 1105AZ, Netherlands
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105BA, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Instituto Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Kun Hu
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Smilowska K, van Wamelen DJ, Bloem BR. The multimodal effect of circadian interventions in Parkinson's disease: A narrative review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 110:105309. [PMID: 36797197 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian system and its dysfunction in persons with Parkinson's disease (PwP) has a clear impact on both motor and non-motor symptoms. Examples include circadian patterns in motor disability, with worsening of symptoms throughout the day, but also the existence of similar patterns in non-motor symptoms. OBJECTIVE In this narrative review, we discuss the role of the circadian system, we address the role of dopamine in this system, and we summarise the evidence that supports the use of circadian system treatments for motor and non-motor symptoms in PwP. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed and Web of Science database was performed and the final search was performed in November 2021. We included articles whose primary aim was to investigate the effect of melatonin, melatonin agonists, and light therapy in PwP. RESULTS In total 25 articles were retrieved. Of these, 12 were related to bright light therapy and 13 to melatonin or/and melatonin agonists. Most, but not all, studies showed that melatonin and melatonin agonists and light therapy induced improvements in measures of sleep, depression, motor function, and some also cognitive function and other non-motor symptoms. For some of these outcomes, including daytime sleepiness, depressive symptoms, and some motor symptoms, there is level 2 B evidence for the use of circadian treatments in PwP. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with bright light therapy, exogenous melatonin and melatonin agonists seems to have not only positive effects on sleep quality and depression but also on motor function in PwP. Drawbacks in earlier work include the relatively small number of participants and the heterogeneity of outcome measures. Further large and well-designed trials are needed to address these shortcomings and to confirm or refute the possible merits of the circadian system as a treatment target in PwP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Smilowska
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Regional Specialist Hospital in Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Daniel J van Wamelen
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom; Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Yilmaz A, Kalsbeek A, Buijs RM. Early changes of immunoreactivity to orexin in hypothalamus and to RFamide peptides in brainstem during the development of hypertension. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136144. [PMID: 34332031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is an important function of the nervous system and essential for maintaining blood pressure levels in the physiological range. In hypertension, BRS is decreased both in man and animals. Although increased sympathetic activity is thought to be the main cause of decreased BRS, hence the development of hypertension, the BRS is regulated by both sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) nervous system. Here, we analyzed neuropeptide changes in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), which favours the SNS activity, as well as in PNS nuclei in the brainstem of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive controls (Wistar Kyoto rats- WKY). The analyses revealed that in the WKY rats the hypothalamic orexin system, known for its role in sympathetic activation, showed a substantial decrease when animals age. At the same time, however, such a decrease was not observed when hypertension developed in the SHR. In contrast, Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and Prolactin Releasing Peptide (PrRP) expression in the PNS associated Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS) and Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus (DMV) diminished substantially, not only after the establishment of hypertension but also before its onset. Therefore, the current results indicate early changes in areas of the central nervous system involved in SNS and PNS control of blood pressure and associated with the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Yilmaz
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Buijs RM, Soto Tinoco EC, Hurtado Alvarado G, Escobar C. The circadian system: From clocks to physiology. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:233-247. [PMID: 34225965 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system, composed of the central autonomous clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and systems of the body that follow the signals of the SCN, continuously change the homeostatic set points of the body over the day-night cycle. Changes in the body's physiological state that do not agree with the time of the day feedback to the hypothalamus, and provide input to the SCN to adjust the condition, thus reaching another set point required by the changed conditions. This allows the adjustment of the set points to another level when environmental conditions change, which is thought to promote adaptation and survival. In fasting, the body temperature drops to a lower level only at the beginning of the sleep phase. Stressful conditions raise blood pressure relatively more during the active period than during the rest phase. Extensive, mostly reciprocal SCN interactions, with hypothalamic networks, induce these physiological adjustments by hormonal and autonomic control of the body's organs. More importantly, in addition to SCN's hormonal and autonomic influences, SCN induced behavior, such as rhythmic food intake, induces the oscillation of many genes in all tissues, including the so-called clock genes, which have an essential role as a transcriptional driving force for numerous cellular processes. Consequently, the light-dark cycle, the rhythm of the SCN, and the resulting rhythm in behavior need to be perfectly synchronized, especially where it involves synchronizing food intake with the activity phase. If these rhythms are not synchronous for extended periods of times, such as during shift work, light exposure at night, or frequent night eating, disease may develop. As such, our circadian system is a perfect illustration of how hypothalamic-driven processes depend on and interact with each other and need to be in seamless synchrony with the body's physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud M Buijs
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Eva C Soto Tinoco
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hurtado Alvarado
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Yilmaz A, Buijs FN, Kalsbeek A, Buijs RM. Neuropeptide changes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus are associated with the development of hypertension. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1072-1087. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1613424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Yilmaz
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam BA, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik N Buijs
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam BA, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Present address RMB)
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam BA, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam BA, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Present address RMB)
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