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Gnonlonfin E, Geindreau D, Gallopel-Morvan K. What are the effects of smoke-free and tobacco-free university campus policies, and how can they be assessed? A systematic review. JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POPULATION HEALTH 2024; 72:202520. [PMID: 38579395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeph.2024.202520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article looks at the evaluation of smoke-free (SF) and tobacco-free (TF) university campus policies that ban smoking (and often vaping) both indoors and outdoors. To assess the effectiveness of these policies, we performed a systematic literature review to answer the following questions: what is the effect of SF/TF policies on campus users' behaviors/norms/perceptions around smoking? Are the SF/TF policies an effective measure for reducing smoking among young adults? What methods and indicators can we use to assess the impact of SF/TF campus policies? What is the theoretical model underpinning the influence of SF/TF policies on the behavior of campus users? METHODS Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched over the period from January 2005 to December 2022. The article selection process included 54 articles published in scientific journals that analyzed the post-implementation impact of SF/TF campus policies. The quality of these articles was analyzed using six ad hoc indicators based on the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist and Joanna Briggs Institute scoping tools. RESULTS Most of the research on SF/TF campus policies has been conducted in the United States using quantitative methodologies. Most of these studies show that SF/TF policies reduce positive beliefs about smoking and its acceptability, influence smoking behavior (reducing smoking initiation and increasing the number of quits and quit attempts), and reduce exposure to passive smoking and pollution from cigarette butts. User acceptability of SF/TF policies is generally high. Limitations of SF/TF campus policies include difficulty for smokers to comply with them, persistence of passive smoking around campuses, and limited uptake of on-campus cessation support services provided to smokers. DISCUSSION The various mediating and moderating variables identified in the literature have made it possible to propose a model of the potential influence of SF/TF policy on campus users, based on the theory of planned behavior. Based on this review, we provide health professionals and higher education institutions wishing to implement a SF/TF campus policy with a set of indicators that can serve to assess the impact of a SF/TF campus policy (attitudes, acceptability, beliefs, norms, exposure to passive smoking and pollution, changes in smoking behavior). CONCLUSION Based on scientific evidence, the implementation of SF/TF campus policies in France is an important measure to help combat smoking in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Gnonlonfin
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, CNRS, Inserm, Arènes - UMR 6051, RSMS - U 1309, 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Diane Geindreau
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, CNRS, Inserm, Arènes - UMR 6051, RSMS - U 1309, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Karine Gallopel-Morvan
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, CNRS, Inserm, Arènes - UMR 6051, RSMS - U 1309, 35000, Rennes, France
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Nyman AL, Jivani S, Jazwa A, Heath E, Redmon PB, Sinha B, Hayat MJ, Eriksen MP. Student tobacco use, secondhand smoke exposure, and policy beliefs before and after implementation of a tobacco-free campus policy: Analysis of five U.S. college and university campuses. Prev Med 2022; 163:107238. [PMID: 36057391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of comprehensive tobacco policies by colleges and universities may help reduce student tobacco use. To this end, The American Cancer Society's Tobacco-Free Generation Campus Initiative (TFGCI) awarded grants to 106 higher learning institutions to adopt 100% tobacco-free campus policies. This study measured changes in student tobacco use, reported exposure to secondhand smoke, and support for types of tobacco policies among five TFGCI grantee institutions who implemented 100% tobacco-free policies. Students at five U.S. TFGCI grantee institutions completed two independent cross-sectional online surveys regarding tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke, and policy attitudes, once before (n = 2499) and once after (n = 1667) their campuses adopted a tobacco-free policy. Students were less likely to report current cigarette smoking (aOR: 0.73, 95% C.I.: 0.63, 0.85) and exposure to secondhand smoke on campus (aOR: 0.42, 95% C.I.: 0.23, 0.76) following the policy change. In contrast, students were more likely to report past 30-day use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) (aOR: 2.16, C.I.: 1.77, 2.63) following the policy change, despite the policy's inclusion of all tobacco and nicotine products. Tobacco-free campus policies can be associated with decreases in tobacco product use and environmental smoke exposure. The extent of their effectiveness may vary by product and the inclusion of tailored messaging, cessation support, and enforcement approaches. To discourage use of these products among students, colleges and universities should adopt 100% tobacco-free policies, monitor product use trends, offer cessation support and messaging customized for specific groups and products, and utilize a comprehensive enforcement strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Nyman
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Saiza Jivani
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amelia Jazwa
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erica Heath
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pamela B Redmon
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Hayat
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Support for 100% Tobacco-Free Policy on a College Campus in New Jersey: Differences between students and faculty/staff. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Bardus M, El Boukhari N, Nakkash R. Development and evaluation of smoke-free or tobacco-free policies in university settings: a systematic scoping review. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2020; 35:306-351. [PMID: 32702134 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic scoping review to map the available evidence on smoke-free or tobacco-free (SF/TF) university policies globally. We specifically looked at (i) how policies were developed and communicated and (ii) what indicators were used to evaluate their impact. We searched for peer-reviewed literature, published up to January 2020, across 10 multi-disciplinary databases. We followed a duplicate, independent data selection, and charting process. We inductively categorized the studies according to the research design and objective of 'process' and 'impact evaluation'. We identified 75 unique studies across 23 countries conducted between 1993 and 2019. Most studies were conducted in the United States (46/75, 61.3%), were based on quantitative research design and focused on impact evaluations; a third (n = 28) reported both process and impact evaluations (37.3%). Community engagement and multi-channel communication strategies were mostly used to disseminate SF/TF policies. The impact was determined by a wide range of indicators for knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to policies. There is a mature, relevant body of literature describing the development and evaluation of SF/TF policies in universities. Future reviews could quantify the impact of the bans and may consider process indicators as moderating factors to explain the potential heterogeneity of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bardus
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Sohl 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - N El Boukhari
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Sohl 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Nakkash
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Sohl 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon
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Fuguang Y. Research on campus network cloud storage open platform based on cloud computing and big data technology. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-179483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fuguang
- Information Center, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
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Mounessa JS, Pagoto SL, Baker K, Antonishak J, Dellavalle RP. Creating the first indoor tan-free skin smart college campus. Prev Med Rep 2017; 6:44-46. [PMID: 28271019 PMCID: PMC5328714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the prevalence and risk associated with indoor tanning among college students, university campuses constitute a prime target for skin cancer prevention. This report identifies the successes and challenges faced in promoting a campus-wide tan-free policy through the National Council on Skin Cancer Prevention (NCSCP) Indoor Tan-Free Skin Smart Campus Initiative. Beginning in February 2016, we communicated with university faculty or staff members who have participated in skin cancer prevention via education, clinical care, or research at 20 universities regarding the steps to adopt the tan-free policy. One campus, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), successfully fulfilled all criteria and implemented the policy change to become the first US Indoor Tan-Free Skin Smart Campus. The greatest challenge faced in recruiting campuses was gaining administrative support. Reported reasons for not adopting the policy change included wanting to wait for other schools to join first and not seeing it as a top priority. Despite the importance of improving skin cancer awareness and decreasing tanning among university students, we faced several challenges in promoting campus-wide policy change. We identify a need for research on effective ways to disseminate university health policies and increased involvement of healthcare providers in policy-related work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Mounessa
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Department of Dermatology, Denver, CO 80220, USA
| | - Sherry L. Pagoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Katie Baker
- East Tennessee State University, College of Public Health, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - John Antonishak
- National Council on Skin Cancer Prevention, Washington, D.C. 21771, USA
| | - Robert P. Dellavalle
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Department of Dermatology, Denver, CO 80220, USA
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Bennett BL, Deiner M, Pokhrel P. College anti-smoking policies and student smoking behavior: a review of the literature. Tob Induc Dis 2017; 15:11. [PMID: 28163669 PMCID: PMC5286782 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-017-0117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, most college campuses across the U.S. in some way address on-campus cigarette smoking, mainly through policies that restrict smoking on campus premises. However, it is not well understood whether college-level anti-smoking policies help reduce cigarette smoking among students. In addition, little is known about policies that may have an impact on student smoking behavior. This study attempted to address these issues through a literature review. Methods A systematic literature review was performed. To identify relevant studies, the following online databases were searched using specific keywords: Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Studies that met the exclusion and inclusion criteria were selected for review. Studies were not excluded based on the type of anti-smoking policy studied. Results Total 11 studies were included in the review. The majority of the studies (54.5%) were cross-sectional in design, 18% were longitudinal, and the rest involved counting cigarette butts or smokers. Most studies represented more women than men and more Whites than individuals of other ethnic/racial groups. The majority (54.5%) of the studies evaluated 100% smoke-free or tobacco-free campus policies. Other types of policies studied included the use of partial smoking restriction and integration of preventive education and/or smoking cessation programs into college-level policies. As far as the role of campus smoking policies on reducing student smoking behavior is concerned, the results of the cross-sectional studies were mixed. However, the results of the two longitudinal studies reviewed were promising in that policies were found to significantly reduce smoking behavior and pro-smoking attitudes over time. Conclusion More longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the role of college anti-smoking policies on student smoking behavior. Current data indicate that stricter, more comprehensive policies, and policies that incorporate prevention and cessation programming, produce better results in terms of reducing smoking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L Bennett
- Cancer Prevention & Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI96822 USA
| | - Melodi Deiner
- Cancer Prevention & Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI96822 USA
| | - Pallav Pokhrel
- Cancer Prevention & Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI96822 USA
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