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Ruvalcaba Y, Mercer Kollar LM, Jones SE, Mercado MC, Leemis RW, MA ZQ. Adolescent Sexting, Violence, and Sexual Behaviors: An Analysis of 2014 and 2016 Pennsylvania Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:690-697. [PMID: 36544265 PMCID: PMC10544782 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexting is common among adolescents and is associated with numerous health risk behaviors and negative psychosocial constructs. This study examined the relationships between high school students' experiences with sexual violence victimization, dating violence victimization, and engagement in risky sexual behaviors with experiences of receiving sexts. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the 2014 to 2016 data from Pennsylvania Youth Risk Behavior. Participants were selected using an independent 2-stage cluster sample design to produce a statewide population-based sample. The pencil and paper surveys were conducted in school. Participants included 6734 Pennsylvania high school students in grades 9-12. RESULTS Overall, 29.0% of Pennsylvania high school students had received a sext, which varied by sex, race/ethnicity, school grade, and sexual identity. Students who engaged in sexual risk behaviors, experienced dating violence, or experienced lifetime sexual violence outside of the dating context had a significantly higher prevalence of receiving a sext than students who did not engage in those behaviors or have those experiences. CONCLUSIONS Early screening and prevention efforts that include discussions about sexting behaviors may help prevent other negative outcomes, such as risky sexual behaviors and interpersonal violence. Addressing sexting in the education and health sectors may help to prevent other related harmful health and violence experiences during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanet Ruvalcaba
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Laura M. Mercer Kollar
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sherry Everett Jones
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Melissa C. Mercado
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ruth W. Leemis
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zhen-Qiang MA
- Division of Community Epidemiology, Bureau of Epidemiology, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, PA
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Ray AE, Mun EY, Lewis MA, Litt DM, Stapleton JL, Tan L, Buller DB, Zhou Z, Bush HM, Himelhoch S. Cross-Tailoring Integrative Alcohol and Risky Sexual Behavior Feedback for College Students: Protocol for a Hybrid Type 1 Effectiveness-Implementation Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e43986. [PMID: 36716301 PMCID: PMC10131715 DOI: 10.2196/43986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underage drinking and related risky sexual behavior (RSB) are major public health concerns on United States college campuses. Although technology-delivered personalized feedback interventions (PFIs) are considered a best practice for individual-level campus alcohol prevention, there is room for improving the effectiveness of this approach with regard to alcohol-related RSB. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to (1) evaluate the impact of a brief PFI that integrates content on alcohol use and RSB and is adapted to include a novel cross-tailored dynamic feedback (CDF) component for at-risk first-year college students and (2) identify implementation factors critical to the CDF's success to facilitate future scale-up in campus settings. METHODS This study uses a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation design and will be conducted in 3 phases. Phase 1 is a stakeholder-engaged PFI+CDF adaptation guided by focus groups and usability testing. In phase 2, 600 first-year college students who drink and are sexually active will be recruited from 2 sites (n=300 per site) to participate in a 4-group randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of PFI+CDF in reducing alcohol-related RSB. Eligible participants will complete a baseline survey during the first week of the semester and follow-up surveys at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 13 months post baseline. Phase 3 is a qualitative evaluation with stakeholders to better understand relevant implementation factors. RESULTS Recruitment and enrollment for phase 1 began in January 2022. Recruitment for phases 2 and 3 is planned for the summer of 2023 and 2024, respectively. Upon collection of data, the effectiveness of PFI+CDF will be examined, and factors critical to implementation will be evaluated. CONCLUSIONS This hybrid type 1 trial is designed to impact the field by testing an innovative adaptation that extends evidence-based alcohol programs to reduce alcohol-related RSB and provides insights related to implementation to bridge the gap between research and practice at the university level. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05011903; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05011903. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/43986.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Ray
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Eun-Young Mun
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Melissa A Lewis
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Dana M Litt
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Jerod L Stapleton
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | | | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Heather M Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Seth Himelhoch
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Borgogna NC, Meyer CL, Trussell MR, Garos S, Kraus SW. Further Understanding the Correlations Between Sexting and Mental Health: Considerations for Sex and Sexual Identity. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2023; 26:323-331. [PMID: 36802284 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
We explored how sexting (no sexting, sent only, received only, reciprocal) was associated with depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and compulsive sexual behaviors across sex and sexual identity groups. We also examined how substance use predicted sexting classifications. Data came from 2,160 college students living in the United States. Results indicated that 76.6 percent of the sample had engaged in sexting (primarily reciprocal). Participants who had engaged in sexting generally evidenced higher depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and compulsive sexual behaviors. Effect sizes were largest on compulsive sexual behavior indicators. Marijuana use was the only significant substance use predictor of reciprocal and "received only" sexting compared with no sexting. Illicit substance use (e.g., cocaine) was low base rate but descriptively was associated with sexting. Compulsive sexual behavior remained a robust positive correlate of sexting compared with non-sexting participants regardless of sex and sexual identity. Most other mental health indicators became nonsignificant correlates of sexting in nonheterosexual participants and were weak positive correlates in heterosexual participants. Marijuana use remained the only significant substance use predictor of reciprocal and "received only" sexting when adjusted for sex and sexual identity. We conclude that sexting is only weakly associated with depression, anxiety, and sleep problems but robustly associated with compulsive sexuality and marijuana use. These findings do not appear to vary meaningfully on the basis of sex or sexual identity, with the exception that the effect sizes between sexting and compulsive sexual behaviors were much stronger for females compared with males (regardless of sexual identity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Borgogna
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Cody L Meyer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Mikaela R Trussell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Sheila Garos
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Shane W Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Hong G, Wang H, Lin Z, Cao L, Shen X, Yan J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Rao Y. Ethyl sulfate in blood shows the potential to distinguish alcoholic death and postmortem alcohol instillation. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2023; 60:102175. [PMID: 36417774 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is often found in the blood of the deceased. To cover up the true cause of victim's death, postmortem instillation of alcohol occurs in some criminal cases. Explaining the finding of alcohol is extremely vital in forensic practice. This study aims to evaluate whether ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) in blood and vitreous humor (VH) can be used to distinguish alcoholic death and postmortem alcohol instillation. Saline or 12.6 g/kg ethanol (antemortem alcohol poisoning group) was introduced into rabbits' stomachs 2 h before sacrificed. Same amount of ethanol was introduced into rabbits' stomachs at 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h and 2 h after death in four subgroups of postmortem alcohol instillation group, respectively. Cardiac blood and VH were collected at 10 min, 4 h, 10 h and 24 h after death in blank and antemortem alcohol poisoning group, and after instillation of alcohol in postmortem alcohol instillation group. Blood was also collected at 34 h. Ethanol and EtG levels in blood and VH and EtS in VH in antemortem alcohol poisoning group were overlapped with those in postmortem alcohol instillation group. The contents of EtG and EtS in blood in antemortem alcohol poisoning group (mean ≥ 7.833 μg/mL for EtG and ≥ 19.990 μg/mL for EtS) were much higher than those in postmortem alcohol instillation group (mean ≤ 0.118 μg/mL for EtG and ≤ 0.091 μg/mL for EtS), but apparent decomposition was observed in EtG, which might lead to misinterpretation. Blood EtS showed better stability and could be used to distinguish alcoholic death and postmortem alcohol instillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Hong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zijie Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xuebo Shen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, People's Republic of China (Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau), Beijing 100192, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, PR China.
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Orchowski LM, Oesterle DW, Moreno O, Yusufov M, Berkowitz A, Abbey A, Barnett NP, Borsari B. A Qualitative Analysis of Sexual Consent among Heavy-drinking College Men. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP5566-NP5593. [PMID: 32990140 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520958658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study sought to examine how heavy-drinking college men describe communication of sexual interest and sexual consent. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 12 heavy-drinking college men identified three themes. Themes included: (a) expectations about parties and sexual activity, (b) observing and communicating sexual interest, and (c) communication of sexual consent. Men reported visiting drinking environments to locate women who they assumed would be open to sexual advances. In these environments, sexual interest was inferred indirectly through shared alcohol use. Anticipating token resistance men reported "trying and trying again" to pursue escalating types of sexual activity. Consent was inferred when participants did not hear "no" from a sexual partner, highlighting the importance of continued education on verbal consent in the context of sexual assault prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oswaldo Moreno
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Miryam Yusufov
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | | | | | | | - Brian Borsari
- San Franisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Ricard-Gauthier D, Abdulcadir J, Tony F, Yaron M. Care of women and girls after sexual assault in Geneva: A descriptive study between 2005 and 2014. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 266:77-82. [PMID: 34600188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We aimed to examine epidemiological data and identify risk factors for sexual assault. This study included women seeking care at the Geneva University Hospitals emergency obstetrics and gynaecological unit. METHOD Retrospective, sociodemographic, and clinical data were collected from the medical reports. RESULTS We reviewed 836 medical charts and registered 92.8 women and girls per year who consulted the emergency department after sexual assault. The average age was 26 (±12) years, with a median of 23 years. Body lesions were reported in 525 patients (63%) and genital traumatic lesions were reported in 230 (28%) patients. Sexual assault by a stranger was reported in 436 cases (52%). Thirty percent of patients knew their aggressor. Aggressions were predominantly committed on the weekend, accounting for 367 cases (46%), with nearly two-thirds (65%, n = 474) occurring between 10 pm and 6 am. In total, 399 (48%) patients who were sexually assaulted reported having consumed alcohol and 102 (12%) reported having taken drugs prior to the aggression; 80 (10%) patients had consumed both and 286 (34%) had amnesia. Half of the sample sought and received medical care within 24 h from the time the aggression took place. CONCLUSION Sexual assault risk factors in our study population in Geneva included use of drugs and alcohol, with amnesia. Future prevention and education interventions should target these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmine Abdulcadir
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Fracasso Tony
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Michal Yaron
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva Hospitals, Switzerland
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Gray MJ, Kilwein TM, Amaya S, Binion KC. Heightened Sexual Misconduct Victimization Rates among Reserve Officers' Training Corps Women: Results From a Campus Climate Survey. Violence Against Women 2021; 28:2507-2520. [PMID: 34581664 DOI: 10.1177/10778012211030948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual assault, harassment, and stalking are commonplace among college students, with identified subgroups being particularly at risk (e.g., Greek-life organizations and intercollegiate athletics). Despite higher rates of sexual misconduct among active-duty military and service academy women, no research has examined the risk for Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) women. A total of N = 1,562 college women were sampled from a sexual misconduct campus climate survey. ROTC women reported higher victimization rates for all variants of sexual misconduct and violence relative to the broader student population, as well as previously established high-risk groups. Directions for future research and implications for prevention programming/response are presented and discussed.
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Patrocino LB, Bevilacqua PD. A debate about risk, violence, and gender: a review of health production on sexting among young people. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:2709-2718. [PMID: 34231684 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021267.07482021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a systematic review of the health production on sexting between 2009 and 2019. The scientific production was analyzed regarding its context (gender of the first author, publication year, and country of realization), publication type, knowledge field, themes, subjects addressed, and their conception about sexting. The 147 works on sexting as a central theme retrieved from PubMed were analyzed during the second semester of 2019. The search was done on the term of sexting. A descriptive statistical, interpretive analysis was carried out to assess the approach to risk, violence, and gender in these publications. Most first authors of these publications were female, and most manuscripts were published in the U.S. between 2017 and 2019 and adopted a quantitative approach (approximately 65%). Almost half of the productions' central theme was the prevalence of sexting or risky behavior among adolescents. The vast majority also attributed risky behavior to sexting somehow, from which violence can be inferred (70%). A negligible part of publications employed a gender approach (less than 15%). The health productions have insufficiently analyzed sexting by not distinguishing healthy from violent practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Barbosa Patrocino
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Minas). Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto. 30190-002 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Paula Dias Bevilacqua
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Minas). Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto. 30190-002 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
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Rubio-Laborda JF, Almansa-Martínez P, Pastor-Bravo MDM. [Sexist relationships in Generation X and Millennials]. Aten Primaria 2021; 53:101992. [PMID: 33735624 PMCID: PMC7985699 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2021.101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify sexist violence features on different technological generations (Millennials and Generation X). DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. SITE: Region of Murcia, Spain. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1269 users of social networks belonging to the Millennials generation (19-38 years) and Generation X (39-54 years) who are in a romantic relationship. MAIN MEASUREMENTS The instrument "Questionnaire about new technologies to transmit gender violence", analyzes the use of social networks, suffered and exercised violence on couples. The study variables have been the generational group, age, sex, alcohol and drug consumption, the level of formal education, origin and residence country and sexual orientation. RESULTS Millennials show a statistically significant association with the items on risk patterns in networks related to phising, sexting, flaming, false offers, cyberstalking, and webcam hijacking (p<0.05), while regarding violence suffered only has been observed association in items related to flaming (OR: 0.405) (95% CI: 0.226-0.726) and sexual coercion (OR: 0.420) (95% CI: 0.200-0.882). Drugs increase risky activities, as well as violence suffered and practiced (p<0.05). The women sample reports more pressure in sexual activities (OR: 2587) (95% CI: 1702-3931) and fears from their partners (OR: 2598) (95% CI: 1749-3857). CONCLUSIONS The study shows higher risk patterns, as well as violence suffered and practiced in the Millennial group compared to Generation X. Also, it shows an increase generated by alcohol and drugs in the violence suffered and practiced by the study subjects. On the other hand, there are differences between the behaviors and violence suffered and practiced according to the different sexes, where the violence suffered by women is related to fear and activities of a sexual nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Almansa-Martínez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España; IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, España
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Sexting within young adults’ dating and romantic relationships. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 36:55-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Florimbio AR, Brem MJ, Grigorian HL, Elmquist J, Shorey RC, Temple JR, Stuart GL. An Examination of Sexting, Sexual Violence, and Alcohol Use Among Men Arrested for Domestic Violence. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:2381-2387. [PMID: 31087197 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-1409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Technological advances provide greater opportunity for electronic communication to occur within romantic relationships. Sexting, defined as sending sexually explicit content via electronic mediums, is one such type of communication and its association with alcohol use and partner violence is supported by existing research. We extend this knowledge by examining the prevalence of past-year sexting within a clinical sample of men arrested for domestic violence (N = 312). The associations between sexting, alcohol use, and sexual violence perpetration in the past year were also examined. Findings indicated that sexting was a prevalent behavior among this population, with 60% of the sample having requested a sext from someone, 55% having been asked to send a sext, and 41% having sent a sext within the past year. Logistic regression analyses indicated that sexting was linked to past-year sexual violence perpetration, even after controlling for age and past-year alcohol use. This is the first study to provide evidence that sexting is prevalent among men arrested for domestic violence. Moreover, men who endorsed sexting within the past year were more likely to have perpetrated past-year sexual violence than men who did not engage in sexting. Understanding the relation between sexting and other problematic behaviors, such as alcohol use and sexual violence, will inform intervention efforts across various populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Rae Florimbio
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, 204 Austin Peay Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Meagan J Brem
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, 204 Austin Peay Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Hannah L Grigorian
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, 204 Austin Peay Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - JoAnna Elmquist
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, 204 Austin Peay Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Ryan C Shorey
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jeff R Temple
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory L Stuart
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, 204 Austin Peay Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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Maas MK, Bray BC, Noll JG. Online Sexual Experiences Predict Subsequent Sexual Health and Victimization Outcomes Among Female Adolescents: A Latent Class Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:837-849. [PMID: 30778831 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-00995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents' online sexual experiences (e.g., pornography use, sexual chatting, sexualized social media use, and nude image exchange) provide a new context for sexual socialization. Traditionally, online sexual experiences are often aggregated averages, which neglect their complexity and fail to identify individual differences in the experience. Moreover, the lack of longitudinal research in this area has failed to determine if these experiences predict later offline sexual health and violence outcomes. An analysis of two waves of surveys completed by ethnically and socioeconomically diverse female adolescents (N = 296; 49% maltreated; aged 14-16 years) participating in a larger cross-sequential study was conducted to address these gaps. Established latent classes from the prerequisite study of online sexual experiences at Time 1 were Online Abstinent (low probability of any online sexual experiences), Online Inclusive (high probability of all online sexual experiences), Attractors (high probability of attracting attention from others), and Seekers (high probability of seeking out sexual content and interaction). Class membership uniquely predicted HIV risk, number of physically violent romantic partners, and the occurrence of sexual assault at Time 2. Although membership in risker online sexual experience classes predicted later offline risk and victimization, this was especially true for maltreated participants. These findings demonstrate the advantages of examining online sexual experiences in a way that emphasizes their complexity and individual differences in influential susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Maas
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, 552W. Circle Drive 13D Human Ecology, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Bethany C Bray
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 404 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jennie G Noll
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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