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Kalbfell E, Kata A, Buffington AS, Marka N, Brasel KJ, Mosenthal AC, Cooper Z, Finlayson E, Schwarze ML. Frequency of Preoperative Advance Care Planning for Older Adults Undergoing High-risk Surgery: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg 2021; 156:e211521. [PMID: 33978693 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Importance For patients facing major surgery, surgeons believe preoperative advance care planning (ACP) is valuable and routinely performed. How often preoperative ACP occurs is unknown. Objective To quantify the frequency of preoperative ACP discussion and documentation for older adults undergoing major surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants This secondary analysis of data from a multisite randomized clinical trial testing the effects of a question prompt list intervention on preoperative communication for older adults considering major surgery was performed at 5 US academic medical centers. Participants included surgeons who routinely perform high-risk surgery and patients 60 years or older with at least 1 comorbidity and an oncological or vascular (cardiac, peripheral, or neurovascular) problem. Data were collected from June 1, 2016, to November 30, 2018. Interventions Patients received a question prompt list brochure with 11 questions that they might ask their surgeon. Main Outcomes and Measures For patients who had major surgery, any statement related to ACP from the surgeon, patient, or family member during the audiorecorded preoperative consultation was counted. The presence of a written advance directive (AD) in the medical record at the time of the initial consultation or added preoperatively was recorded. Open-ended interviews with patients who experienced postoperative complications and family members were conducted. Results Among preoperative consultations with 213 patients (122 men [57%]; mean [SD] age, 72 [7] years), only 13 conversations had any discussion of ACP. In this cohort of older patients with at least 1 comorbid condition, 141 (66%) did not have an AD on file before major surgery; there was no significant association between the presence of an AD and patient age (60-69 years, 26 [31%]; 70-79 years, 31 [33%]; ≥80 years, 15 [42%]; P = .55), number of comorbidities (1, 35 [32%]; 2, 18 [33%]; ≥3, 19 [40%]; P = .62), or type of procedure (oncological, 53 [32%]; vascular, 19 [42%]; P = .22). There was no difference in preoperative communication about ACP or documentation of an AD for patients who were mailed a question prompt list brochure (intervention, 38 [35%]; usual care, 34 [33%]; P = .77). Patients with complications were enthusiastic about ACP but did not think it was important to discuss their preferences for life-sustaining treatments with their surgeon preoperatively. Conclusions and Relevance Although surgeons believe that preoperative discussion of patient preferences for postoperative life-sustaining treatments is important, these preferences are infrequently explored, addressed, or documented preoperatively. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02623335.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Kalbfell
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Anna Kata
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Karen J Brasel
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Anne C Mosenthal
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Zara Cooper
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily Finlayson
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
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Gabbard J, Pajewski NM, Callahan KE, Dharod A, Foley KL, Ferris K, Moses A, Willard J, Williamson JD. Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Multidisciplinary Intervention vs Usual Care on Advance Care Planning for Vulnerable Older Adults in an Accountable Care Organization: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2021; 181:361-369. [PMID: 33427851 PMCID: PMC7802005 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.5950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Advance care planning (ACP), especially among vulnerable older adults, remains underused in primary care. Additionally, many ACP initiatives fail to integrate directly into the electronic health record (EHR), resulting in infrequent and disorganized documentation. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a nurse navigator-led ACP pathway combined with a health care professional-facing EHR interface improves the occurrence of ACP discussions and their documentation within the EHR. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a randomized effectiveness trial using the Zelen design, in which patients are randomized prior to informed consent, with only those randomized to the intervention subsequently approached to provide informed consent. Randomization began November 1, 2018, and follow-up concluded November 1, 2019. The study population included patients 65 years or older with multimorbidity combined with either cognitive or physical impairments, and/or frailty, assessed from 8 primary care practices in North Carolina. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to either a nurse navigator-led ACP pathway (n = 379) or usual care (n = 380). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was documentation of a new ACP discussion within the EHR. Secondary outcomes included the usage of ACP billing codes, designation of a surrogate decision maker, and ACP legal form documentation. Exploratory outcomes included incident health care use. RESULTS Among 759 randomized patients (mean age 77.7 years, 455 women [59.9%]), the nurse navigator-led ACP pathway resulted in a higher rate of ACP documentation (42.2% vs 3.7%, P < .001) as compared with usual care. The ACP billing codes were used more frequently for patients randomized to the nurse navigator-led ACP pathway (25.3% vs 1.3%, P < .001). Patients randomized to the nurse navigator-led ACP pathway more frequently designated a surrogate decision maker (64% vs 35%, P < .001) and completed ACP legal forms (24.3% vs 10.0%, P < .001). During follow-up, the incidence of emergency department visits and inpatient hospitalizations was similar between the randomized groups (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.92-1.50). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A nurse navigator-led ACP pathway integrated with a health care professional-facing EHR interface increased the frequency of ACP discussions and their documentation. Additional research will be required to evaluate whether increased EHR documentation leads to improvements in goal-concordant care. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03609658.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gabbard
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Center for Health Care Innovation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Nicholas M Pajewski
- Center for Health Care Innovation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kathryn E Callahan
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Center for Health Care Innovation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ajay Dharod
- Center for Health Care Innovation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Section on General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kristie L Foley
- Center for Health Care Innovation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Keren Ferris
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Center for Health Care Innovation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Adam Moses
- Center for Health Care Innovation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - James Willard
- Center for Health Care Innovation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jeff D Williamson
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Center for Health Care Innovation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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3
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Wang WY, Han GS, Forbes-Mewett H. Community stakeholder and opinion formation toward end-of-life planning in Chinese community in Australia. DEATH STUDIES 2020; 46:1253-1265. [PMID: 32877310 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1815101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examine the role of stakeholders in constructing new socio-cultural narratives of advance care planning in the Chinese community in Australia. Applying the communication theory of opinion leader(ship) and drawing on data from 41 interviews and field observation notes, we explore how stakeholders establish their authority and perform their expertise. Data analysis shows stakeholders have gained their opinion leadership status through demonstrating their ability to link the Chinese cultural values of family harmony and parental duty and the notions of self-empowerment and independence in official advance care planning promotions in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Yang Wang
- School of Culture and Communication, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- School of Media, Film and Journalism, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Gabbard J, Pajewski NM, Callahan KE, Dharod A, Foley K, Ferris K, Moses A, Grey C, Williamson J. Advance care planning for vulnerable older adults within an Accountable Care Organization: study protocol for the IMPACT randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e032732. [PMID: 31843844 PMCID: PMC6924763 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with multimorbidity plus additional impairments (eg, mobility limitations, disability, cognitive impairments or frailty) are at the highest risk for poor healthcare outcomes. Advanced care planning (ACP) provides patients and their surrogates the opportunity to discuss their goals, values and priorities for healthcare-particularly in the context of end-of-life care. ACP discussions promote more person-centred care; however, it is currently underused. There is a tremendous need for systematic, scalable approaches to individualised ACP that promotes patient and family engagement. Here we describe the study protocol for a randomised effectiveness trial of a nurse navigator and informatics intervention designed to improve the documentation and quality of ACP discussions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a randomised, pragmatic, effectiveness trial; patients aged 65 years and older who have multimorbidity plus impairments in either physical function (eg, mobility limitations or disability) or cognition, and/or frailty within an affiliated Accountable Care Organization were eligible. The electronic health record was used to develop an automatic prescreening system for eligible patients (n=765) and participants were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either the nurse navigator-led ACP pathway or usual care. Our primary outcomes are documentation of ACP discussions within the EHR along with the quality of ACP discussions. Secondary outcomes include a broad range of ACP actions (eg, usage of ACP billing codes, choosing a surrogate decision-maker and advance directive documentation). Outcomes will be measured over 12 months of follow-up. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the appropriate Institutional Review Boards and is guided by input from patient and clinical advisory boards. The results of this study will inform a scalable solution to ACP discussions throughout our healthcare system and statewide. TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03609658.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gabbard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - N M Pajewski
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathryn E Callahan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ajay Dharod
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristie Foley
- Department of Implementation Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keren Ferris
- Department of Internal Medicine,Section of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam Moses
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carl Grey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeff Williamson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Tan WS, Bajpai R, Ho AHY, Low CK, Car J. Retrospective cohort analysis of real-life decisions about end-of-life care preferences in a Southeast Asian country. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024662. [PMID: 30782914 PMCID: PMC6367977 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the end-of-life care preferences of individuals, and to examine the influence of age and gender on these preferences. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Participants included all adults (≥21 years old) (n=3380) who had completed a statement of their preferences as part of a national Advance Care Planning (ACP) programme in Singapore. Data were extracted from the national and Tan Tock Seng Hospital ACP database. MAIN MEASURES End-of-life care preferences were obtained from the ACP document and differentiated by health status (healthy, chronically ill or diagnosed with advanced illnesses). To analyse the data, descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used. RESULTS Across healthy and chronically ill patients, the majority did not opt for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or other life-sustaining measures. Among individuals with advanced illnesses, 94% preferred not to attempt CPR but 69% still preferred to receive some form of active medical treatment. Approximately 40% chose to be cared for, and to die at home. Age and sex significantly predict preferences in those with advanced illnesses. Older age (>=75 years) showed higher odds for home as preferred place of care (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.89) and place of death (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.61) and lower odds for CPR (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.54) and full treatment (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.62). Being female was associated with lower odds for home as preferred place of care (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.84) and place of death (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.85) and higher odds for full treatment (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.18 to 4.68). CONCLUSION The majority preferred to not proceed with life-sustaining treatments, but there was still a strong preference to receive some form of limited treatment. Better understanding of end-of-life care preferences through ACP can better guide end-of-life care programme planning, and resource allocation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woan Shin Tan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Health Services and Outcomes Research Department, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ram Bajpai
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andy Hau Yan Ho
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Psychology Programme, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Research Department, Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chan Kee Low
- Economics Programme, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josip Car
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Global eHealth Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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MacKenzie MA, Smith-Howell E, Bomba PA, Meghani SH. Respecting Choices and Related Models of Advance Care Planning: A Systematic Review of Published Evidence. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2017; 35:897-907. [PMID: 29254357 DOI: 10.1177/1049909117745789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All individuals should receive care consistent with their expressed preferences during serious and chronic illnesses. Respecting Choices (RC) is a well-known model of advance care planning intended to assist individuals consider, choose, and communicate these preferences to health-care providers. In this systematic review, we evaluated the published literature on the outcomes of the RC and derivative models utilizing criteria developed by the Cochrane Collaborative. Eighteen articles from 16 studies were included, of which 9 were randomized controlled trials, 6 were observational, and 1 was a pre-posttest study. Only 2 specifically included a minority population (African American). Fourteen were conducted in the United States, primarily in the Wisconsin/Minnesota region (n = 8). Seven studies examined the RC model, whereas 9 examined derivative models. There was significant heterogeneity of outcomes examined. We found that there is a low level of evidence that RC and derivative models increase the incidence and prevalence of Advance Directive and Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment completion. There is a high level of evidence that RC and derivative models increase patient-surrogate congruence in Caucasian populations. The evidence is mixed, inconclusive, and too poor in quality to determine whether RC and derivative models change the consistency of treatment with wishes and overall health-care utilization in the end of life. We urge further studies be conducted, particularly with minority populations and focused on the outcomes of preference-congruent treatment and health-care utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia A Bomba
- 3 Geriatrics, Excellus BlueCross BlueShield and MedAmerica Insurance Company, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Salimah H Meghani
- 2 School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Peltier WL, Gani F, Blissitt J, Walczak K, Opper K, Derse AR, Johnston FM. Initial Experience with "Honoring Choices Wisconsin": Implementation of an Advance Care Planning Pilot in a Tertiary Care Setting. J Palliat Med 2017; 20:998-1003. [PMID: 28350476 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2016.0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous research on advance care planning (ACP) has associated ACP with improved quality of care at the end of life, the appropriate use of ACP remains limited. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a pilot program using the "Honoring Choices Wisconsin" (HCW) model for ACP in a tertiary care setting, and to understand barriers to system-wide implementation. DESIGN Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. SETTING/SUBJECTS Patients who received medical or surgical oncology care at Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin. MEASUREMENTS Patient demographics, disease characteristics, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Data from 69 patients who died following the implementation of the HCW program were reviewed; 24 patients were enrolled in the HCW program while 45 were not. Patients enrolled in HCW were proportionally less likely to be admitted to the ICU (12.5% vs. 17.8%) and were more likely to be "do not resuscitate" (87.5% vs. 80.0%), as well as have a completed ACP (83.3% vs. 79.1%). Furthermore, admission to a hospice was also higher among patients who were enrolled in the HCW program (79.2% vs. 25.6%), with patients enrolled in HCW more likely to die in hospice (70.8% vs. 53.3%). The HCW program was favorably viewed by patients, patient caregivers, and healthcare providers. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a facilitator-based ACP care model was associated with fewer ICU admissions, and a higher use of hospice care. System-level changes are required to overcome barriers to ACP that limit patients from receiving end-of-life care in accordance with their preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Peltier
- 1 Palliative Care Section , Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Faiz Gani
- 2 Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Blissitt
- 3 Froedtert Hospital , Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Katherine Walczak
- 3 Froedtert Hospital , Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kristi Opper
- 3 Froedtert Hospital , Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Arthur R Derse
- 4 Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Fabian M Johnston
- 2 Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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Simon JE, Ghosh S, Heyland D, Cooke T, Davison S, Holroyd-Leduc J, Wasylenko E, Howlett J, Fassbender K. Evidence of increasing public participation in advance care planning: a comparison of polls in Alberta between 2007 and 2013. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2016; 9:189-196. [PMID: 26817793 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advance care planning (ACP) encompasses both verbal and written communications expressing preferences for future health and personal care and helps prepare people for healthcare decision-making in times of medical crisis. Healthcare systems are increasingly promoting ACP as a way to inform medical decision-making, but it is not clear how public engagement in ACP activities is changing over time. METHODS Raw data from 3 independently conducted public polls on ACP engagement, in the same Canadian province, were analysed to assess whether participation in ACP activities changed over 6 years. RESULTS Statistically significant increases were observed between 2007 and 2013 in: recognising the definition of ACP (54.8% to 80.3%, OR 3.37 (95% CI 2.68 to 4.24)), discussions about healthcare preferences with family (48.4% to 59.8%, OR 1.41 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.69)) and with healthcare providers (9.1% to 17.4%, OR 1.98 (95% CI 1.51 to 2.59)), written ACP plans (21% to 34.6%, OR 1.77 (95% CI 1.45 to 2.17)) and legal documentation (23.4% to 42.7%, OR 2.13 (95% CI 1.75 to 2.59)). These remained significant after adjusting for age, education and self-rated health status. CONCLUSIONS ACP engagement increased over time, although the overall frequency remains low in certain elements such as discussing ACP with healthcare providers. We discuss factors that may be responsible for the increase and provide suggestions for healthcare systems or other public bodies seeking to stimulate engagement in ACP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Simon
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Health Services-Cancer Control
| | - D Heyland
- Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Cooke
- Health Quality Council of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Davison
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Holroyd-Leduc
- Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - E Wasylenko
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,John Dossetor Health Ethics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Howlett
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Fassbender
- Covenant Health Palliative Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Flo E, Husebo BS, Bruusgaard P, Gjerberg E, Thoresen L, Lillemoen L, Pedersen R. A review of the implementation and research strategies of advance care planning in nursing homes. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16:24. [PMID: 26797091 PMCID: PMC4722739 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nursing home (NH) patients have complex health problems, disabilities and needs for Advance Care Planning (ACP). The implementation of ACP in NHs is a neglected research topic, yet it may optimize the intervention efficacy, or provide explanations for low efficacy. This scoping review investigates methods, design and outcomes and the implementation of ACP (i.e., themes and guiding questions, setting, facilitators, implementers, and promoters/barriers). Methods A systematic search using ACP MESH terms and keywords was conducted in CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO, Embase and Cochrane libraries. We excluded studies on home-dwelling and hospital patients, including only specific diagnoses and/or chart-based interventions without conversations. Results Sixteen papers were included. There were large variations in definitions and content of ACP, study design, implementation strategies and outcomes. Often, the ACP intervention or implementation processes were not described in detail. Few studies included patients lacking decision-making capacity, despite the fact that this group is significantly present in most NHs. The chief ACP implementation strategy was education of staff. Among others, ACP improved documentation of and adherence to preferences. Important implementation barriers were non-attending NH physicians, legal challenges and reluctance to participate among personnel and relatives. Conclusion ACP intervention studies in NHs are few and heterogeneous. Variation in ACP definitions may be related to cultural and legal differences. This variation, along with sparse information about procedures, makes it difficult to collate and compare research results. Essential implementation considerations relate to the involvement and education of nurses, physicians and leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Flo
- Centre for Elderly-and Nursing Home Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, P.O. Box: 7200, Bergen, Norway.
| | - B S Husebo
- Centre for Elderly-and Nursing Home Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, P.O. Box: 7200, Bergen, Norway.
| | - P Bruusgaard
- Centre for Medical Ethics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - E Gjerberg
- Centre for Medical Ethics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - L Thoresen
- Centre for Medical Ethics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - L Lillemoen
- Centre for Medical Ethics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - R Pedersen
- Centre for Medical Ethics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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10
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Green MJ, Levi BH. The era of "e": the use of new technologies in advance care planning. Nurs Outlook 2013; 60:376-383.e2. [PMID: 23141197 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the authors review developments in technology that can help patients, their loved ones, and healthcare providers engage in more effective advance care planning (ACP). The article begins with a brief description of ACP and its purpose and then discusses various electronically available resources for ACP in the U.S. Finally the authors provide a critical assessment of the achievements, challenges, and future prospects for electronic advance care planning, or "e-planning."
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Green
- Department of Humanities, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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11
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Carr D. The social stratification of older adults' preparations for end-of-life health care. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2012; 53:297-312. [PMID: 22940813 DOI: 10.1177/0022146512455427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
I use data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (n = 4,971) to evaluate the extent to which socioeconomic status affects three health-related (living will, durable power of attorney for health care, and discussions) and one financial (will) component of end-of-life planning. Net worth is positively associated with all four types of planning, after demographic, health, and psychological characteristics are controlled. Low rates of health-related planning among persons with low or negative assets are largely accounted for by the fact that they are less likely to execute a will, an action that triggers health-related preparations. Rates of health-related planning alone are higher among recently hospitalized persons, whereas financial planning only is more commonly done by homeowners and those with richer assets. The results suggest that economically advantaged persons engage in end-of-life planning as a two-pronged strategy entailing financial and health-related preparations. Implications for health policy, practice, and theory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Carr
- Rutgers University, Department of Sociology and Institute for Health, Health Care Policy & Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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