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López-Cepero J, Ferrer M, Mori M, Español A. Companion animal bereavement: Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Pet Bereavement Questionnaire. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38950563 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2363477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
This work provides psychometric data on the validity and reliability of the Spanish adaptation of the Pet Bereavement Questionnaire (PBQ), as well as information on the intensity of bereavement in the Spanish population. The study evaluated 333 Spanish participants of legal age (M = 31.5; SD = 11.6), mostly women (76.3%). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the adequacy of three different structures present in literature, finding better fit indexes for a model that kept the original three-factor structure (grief, guilt, and anger) but rearranged 2 of the 16 items. Around 70% of participants reported signs of intense bereavement on the grief scale, with higher means among women. The results confirm adequate psychometric qualities of the PBQ, offering healthcare professionals a tool to evaluate bereavement intensity after the loss of a companion animal in Spanish samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier López-Cepero
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Ferrer
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Marina Mori
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alicia Español
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Lee SA, Neimeyer RA, Ng C, Veglahn L, Tucci AS. When does disruption of meaning in bereavement become debilitating? Screening for deleterious outcomes with the ISLES-SF. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38907953 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2364495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Meaning reconstruction is a central process in bereavement adaptation. However, clinical measures or means for identifying individuals whose struggles with meaning making have become dysfunctional have yet to be developed for clinicians to readily use in practice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale-Short Form (ISLES-SF) for measuring clinically significant struggles with meaning making of loss. The results of this study of 118 bereaved adults support the diagnostic use of the ISLES-SF (sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 73%), as well as an identified cut-score (≥ 14) that researchers and clinicians can employ to accurately and efficiently identify those whose difficulties with making meaning of loss have become debilitating. The results also showed that those who scored in the clinical range of the ISLES-SF displayed higher levels of anxiety, depression and prolonged grief than those not struggling with meaning making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolyn Ng
- Portland Institute for Loss and Transition, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lisa Veglahn
- Hospice Foundation of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amy S Tucci
- Hospice Foundation of America, Washington, DC, USA
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Duran S, Altun A. Prolonged grief, reconstruction of meaning, and posttraumatic growth in nursing home residents who have lost loved ones. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:364-370. [PMID: 38406968 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to determine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, prolonged grief, meaning reconstruction, and posttraumatic growth of elderly individuals who have lost loved ones. METHODS A total of 122 elderly individuals who had lost loved ones were included in the research conducted in a nursing home. RESULTS The levels of Prolonged Grief Inventory (PG-13), Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory (GMRI), and Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) scale were found to be high among the individuals in the study. While the PG-13 scores of single individuals who have lost their spouses are statistically significantly higher compared to married individuals, the scores for GMRI are higher for elderly individuals with chronic illness and expected death compared to those who have experienced sudden loss. A significant negative correlation was also determined between PG-13, GMRI, and PTG scores. CONCLUSION Counseling to reconstruct grief and meaning is recommended for at-risk groups. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 364-370.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Duran
- .Department of Elderly Care, Health Services Vocational College, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Aydın Altun
- Institute of Health Sciences, Master Student of Elderly Health Program, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Dicks SG, Northam HL, van Haren FM, Boer DP. The bereavement experiences of families of potential organ donors: a qualitative longitudinal case study illuminating opportunities for family care. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2149100. [PMID: 36469685 PMCID: PMC9731585 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2149100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To illuminate opportunities for care in the context of deceased organ donation by exploring pre-existing family and healthcare professional characteristics, in-hospital experiences, and ongoing adjustment through the lenses of grief theory, systems theory, meaning-making, narrative, and organ donation literature. METHOD Qualitative longitudinal case studies explored individual and family change in five Australian families who had consented to Donation after Circulatory Determination of Death at a single centre. Participants attended semi-structured interviews at four, eight, and twelve months after the death. FINDINGS Family values, pre-existing relationships, and in-hospital experiences influenced first responses to their changed lives, understanding of the patient's death, and ongoing family adjustment. Novel behaviour that was conguent with family values was required at the hospital, especially if the patient had previously played a key role in family decision-making. This behaviour and emerging interactional patterns were drawn into family life over the first year of their bereavement. RECOMMENDATIONS Training that includes lenses introduced in this study will enable healthcare professionals to confidently respond to individual and family psychosocial needs. CONCLUSION The lenses of grief theory and systems thinking highlight opportunities for care tailored to the unique in-hospital context and needs that emerge in the months that follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G. Dicks
- Department of Psychology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Holly L. Northam
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Douglas P. Boer
- Department of Psychology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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Xiu D, Maercker A, Killikelly C, Yang Y, Jia X. Grieving Parents' Meaning-Making Narration in Relation to Value Orientations: A Cross-Cultural Study. Transcult Psychiatry 2023; 60:905-916. [PMID: 33238808 DOI: 10.1177/1363461520970735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between prolonged grief (PG) severity and meaning-making narration in a cross-cultural context, and specifically aimed to illustrate the role of value orientation in shaping the grieving process. 30 Chinese and 22 Swiss parents who lost their child were asked to narrate and appraise specific memories to reflect their self-evaluation of traditional and modern values. The self-reported Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (ref ICD-11) assessed PG severity. Compared with the Swiss sample, the Chinese sample provided more elaborated memories, which was not associated with symptom severity. Both Chinese and Swiss bereaved parents with more severe PG provided more narratives of loss-related memories, particularly in response to modern values. They also provided more appraisals of negative meanings for self-defining memories, particularly in relation to their traditional values. These findings indicate that, despite cultural differences in narration tendency, PG severity in bereaved parents was associated with the maladaptive integration of autobiographical memories across different cultures, in relation to value orientations. A clinical implication is the potential value of facilitating narrations of grieving clients that center on value orientations to mitigate the hardship of the personal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiming Xiu
- University of Zurich
- The University of Hong Kong
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Moriconi V, Menéndez A, Neimeyer RA, Moggia D. Adaptation of the Spanish Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory: An Initial Validation and Network Analysis. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221118169. [PMID: 35938629 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221118169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to adapt the Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory (GMRI) into Spanish and to establish its psychometric properties in a group of 202 mourners seeking treatment in Spain. A confirmatory factor analysis established that the Spanish GMRI yielded eight factors, displaying strong reliability and convergent validity, through the scale's inverse correlation with the Inventory of Complicated Grief and various measures of psychological distress, explaining a 48% of the variance of the former measure. A network analysis suggested that sense-making could play a central role in meaning-making during bereavement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Moriconi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
- Fundación Aladina, Hospital Universitario Infantil "Niño Jesús", Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Menéndez
- Fundació Hospital de Sant Jaume I Santa Magdalena, Mataró, Spain
| | - Robert A Neimeyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
- Portland Institute for Loss and Transition, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Danilo Moggia
- Fundació Hospital de Sant Jaume I Santa Magdalena, Mataró, Spain
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
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Yüksel Ö, Apak B, Demirci Ö. Turkish version of the Pet Bereavement Questionnaire: Validity, reliability and psychometric properties. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:130-138. [PMID: 35244529 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2034073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the psychometric properties of the Turkish form of the Pet Bereavement Questionnaire (PBQ). Bereaved people (N = 688) completed the PBQ, Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory, and Traumatic Grief Inventory. Although the factor structure is consistent with the original, the Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that two items should be included in a different factor. The analyses revealed good internal consistency, split-half reliability, and concurrent validity. Subscales produced meaningful correlations with loss-related variables. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the PBQ indicate the measure is highly suited to measuring the symptoms of pet loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Yüksel
- Psychology Department, Izmir University of Economics, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bengisu Apak
- Psychology Department, Acibadem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Öykü Demirci
- Psychology Department, Izmir University of Economics, İzmir, Turkey
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8
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Milman E, Lee SA, Neimeyer RA. Social isolation and the mitigation of coronavirus anxiety: The mediating role of meaning. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 46:1-13. [PMID: 32544375 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1775362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined core belief violation and meaning making as mechanisms mediating the relationship between adherence to social isolation policies for mitigating coronavirus transmission and reduced coronavirus anxiety (CA). Adherence to social isolation policies (social distancing, sheltering in place, and cessation of long-distance travel), use of nonsocial precautionary measures (handwashing, wearing a mask), core belief violation, meaning made of the COVID pandemic, and CA were assessed in a sample of 408 North Americans. Process analysis revealed that adhering to social isolation policies predicted lower levels of CA and that this effect was largely mediated by conservation of core beliefs (e.g., in predictability, control, and self-agency) and ability to make meaning of the pandemic. In contrast, exclusive reliance on nonsocial protections such as handwashing and mask wearing was associated with high levels of CA. These results suggest that social isolation policies support the integrity of adherents' meaning systems, thereby mitigating distress, which carries useful implications for both policy and psychological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Milman
- Department of Counseling and College Development, St Edward's University, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Sherman A Lee
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert A Neimeyer
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Portland Institute for Loss and Transition, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Heeke C, Franzen M, Hofmann H, Knaevelsrud C, Lenferink LIM. A Latent Class Analysis on Symptoms of Prolonged Grief, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Depression Following the Loss of a Loved One. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:878773. [PMID: 35693969 PMCID: PMC9184516 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.878773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of a significant other can lead to variety of responses, including prolonged grief disorder (PGD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. The aim of this study was to replicate and extend previous research that indicated that three subgroups of bereaved individuals can be distinguished based one similar post-loss symptom profiles using latent class analysis (LCA). The second aim was to examine whether sociodemographic and loss-related characteristics as well as the extent of meaning making were related to classes with more pervasive psychopathology. METHODS Telephone-based interviews with 433 Dutch and German speaking persons who had lost a significant other at last 6 months earlier were conducted. Self-rated PGD, PTSD, and depression symptoms were assessed. LCA was conducted and correlates of class-membership were examined using the 3step approach. RESULTS The LCA resulted in three distinct classes: a no symptoms class (47%), a moderate PGD, low depression/PTSD class (32%), and a high PGD, moderate depression/PTSD class (21%). A multivariate analysis indicated that female gender, a shorter time since loss, an unexpected loss and less meaning made to a loss were significantly associated with membership to the moderate PGD, low depression/PTSD and high PGD, moderate depression/PTSD class compared to membership to the no symptom class. Losing a child or spouse, a shorter time since loss, and having made less meaning to the loss further distinguished between the high PGD, moderate depression/PTSD symptom class and the moderate PGD, low depression/PTSD class. DISCUSSION We found that the majority of individuals coped well in response to their loss since the no symptom class was the largest class. Post-loss symptoms could be categorized into classes marked by different intensity of symptoms, rather than qualitatively different symptom patterns. The findings indicate that perceiving the loss as more unexpected, finding less meaning in the loss, and loss-related factors, such as the recentness of a loss and the loss of a partner or child, were related to class membership more consistently than sociodemographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Heeke
- Department of Clinical-Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Minita Franzen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Hofmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Department of Clinical-Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lonneke I M Lenferink
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Neimeyer RA, Testoni I, Ronconi L, Biancalani G, Antonellini M, Dal Corso L. The Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale and the Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief: The Italian Validation of Two Instruments for Meaning-Focused Assessments of Bereavement. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11110149. [PMID: 34821610 PMCID: PMC8614745 DOI: 10.3390/bs11110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bereavement is an inevitable event that can cause pain, discomfort, and negative consequences in daily life. Spirituality and religiosity can help people cope with loss and bereavement. Sometimes, however, the death of a loved one can challenge core religious beliefs and faith, which has been found to be a risk factor for prolonged mourning. Objectives: (1) Determine whether the Italian versions of the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) and Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief (ICSG) are valid in translation; (2) Evaluate the impact of socio-demographic variables on ISLES and ICSG dimensions; (3) Test whether Complicated Spiritual Grief mediates the relation between meaning reconstruction after loss and integration of the loss experience; (4) Test whether the representation of death as a form of passage or annihilation further moderated the relation between Complicated Spiritual Grief and integration of the loss. Methods: The sample is composed of 348 participants who had lost a loved person in the prior two years. Results: The ISLES and ICSG were validated in Italian and are more appropriately interpreted as having a unifactorial structure. A greater spiritual crisis was manifested in participants with less education, who did not actively participate in religious life, and who had lost a friend rather than a close relative. As hypothesised, spiritual struggle in grief mediated the role of continuing bonds, Emptiness and Meaninglessness, and Sense of Peace in predicting integration of the loss. Furthermore, death representation moderated the impact of spiritual grief on loss, such that those participants who viewed death as a form of annihilation rather than passage reported greater integration of the loss. Conclusion: The role of meaning making in integrating significant loss is partly accounted for by spiritual struggle in a way that can be analysed in Italian contexts through the use of these newly validated instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Neimeyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38111, USA;
- Portland Institute for Loss and Transition, Portland, OR 97209, USA
| | - Ines Testoni
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (M.A.); (L.D.C.)
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucia Ronconi
- IT and Statistical Services, Multifunctional Centre of Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Gianmarco Biancalani
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (M.A.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Marco Antonellini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (M.A.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Laura Dal Corso
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (M.A.); (L.D.C.)
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Testoni I, Antonellini M, Ronconi L, Biancalani G, Neimeyer RA. Spirituality and Meaning-Making in Bereavement: The Role of Social Validation. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2021.1983304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Testoni
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISSPA), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Emil Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marco Antonellini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISSPA), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Ronconi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISSPA), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Biancalani
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISSPA), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Keser E, Işıklı S. Investigation of the relationship between continuing bonds and adjustment after the death of a first-degree family member by using the Multidimensional Continuing Bonds Scale. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:218-232. [PMID: 34240416 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aims to develop a continuing bonds scale, investigate the relationship between continuing bonds and adjustment after loss, and test the moderating role of meaning reconstruction in this relationship. METHODS Data were collected from two different samples of 306 (Study 1) and 271 (Study 2) bereaved adults. RESULTS The four factors structure of the Multidimensional Continuing Bonds Scale (MCBS) was explored and confirmed. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that continuing bonds showed a significant relationship with prolonged grief symptoms after controlling the risk factors such as gender, age of the deceased, time since loss, and cause of death. Meaning reconstruction moderated the relationship between continuing bonds and prolonged grief symptoms. CONCLUSION The results revealed that the MCBS can be used as a valid and reliable scale to assess the continuing bonds construct. The relationship between continuing bonds and prolonged grief symptoms varies according to the levels of meaning reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Keser
- Department of Psychology, TED University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sedat Işıklı
- Department of Psychology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Psychometric properties of a revised posttraumatic growth inventory and its short form in Chinese Shidu parents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Supiano KP, Andersen T, Luptak M, Beynon C, Iacob E, Levitt SE. Pre-loss group therapy for dementia family care partners at risk for complicated grief. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12167. [PMID: 34027022 PMCID: PMC8116857 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dementia family caregiving may span more than a decade and places many family care partners (CPs) at risk for poor bereavement outcomes; estimates of complicated grief in bereaved dementia family CPs range from 10% to 20%. We adapted our efficacious complicated grief group therapy intervention for bereaved dementia caregivers for soon-to-be bereaved dementia CPs at risk for complicated grief to facilitate healthy death preparedness and eventual bereavement-pre-loss group therapy (PLGT). METHODS In this Stage IB pilot intervention study, we implemented and evaluated PLGT in three psychotherapy group cohorts with family CPs at-risk for complicated grief whose person living with dementia (PLWD) had a life expectancy of 6 months or less and resided in a nursing home. PLGT is a 10-session multi-modal psychotherapy administered by social workers. RESULTS Participants in PLGT realized significant improvement in their pre-loss grief and in reported preparedness for the death of their family member, and participants evidenced lowered pre-loss grief severity and improvement, as measured by facilitators. Participants also realized significant improvement in meaning making, particularly as a sense of peace and a reduction of loneliness. DISCUSSION The process and treatment elements of the PLGT intervention affirm the value of specialized care for those dementia family CPs at risk for complicated grief, as the PLGT groups demonstrated a steady progression toward improvement collectively and individually. PLGT participants realized statistical and clinical improvement across pre-loss grief measures suggesting that their risk for complicated grief risk was mitigated, and they were better prepared for the death of their PLWD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Troy Andersen
- University of Utah College of Social WorkSalt Lake CityUSA
| | - Marilyn Luptak
- University of Utah College of Social WorkSalt Lake CityUSA
| | | | - Eli Iacob
- University of Utah College of NursingSalt Lake CityUSA
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Patterson P, McDonald FEJ, Kelly-Dalgety E, Lavorgna B, Jones BL, Sidis AE, Powell T. Development and evaluation of the Good Grief program for young people bereaved by familial cancer. BMC Palliat Care 2021; 20:64. [PMID: 33926449 PMCID: PMC8083089 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-021-00752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) bereaved by the death of a parent or sibling from cancer report unique psychosocial needs and can have difficulty adjusting to their loss. Unaddressed, this can result in poor long-term bereavement outcomes. This paper describes the development and evaluation of Good Grief - a 3-day camp-based program focused on meeting coping, social support, and respite needs of AYAs bereaved by familial cancer. METHODS One hundred and nine Australian AYAs (68% female; age: 12-25 years, M = 16.63) participated in the evaluation. Grief intensity (Texas Revised Inventory of Grief), meaning-making (Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory), trauma coping (Perceived Ability to Cope with Trauma Scale) and unmet needs (Bereaved Cancer Needs Instrument) measures were administered pre-program and 3-months post-program. Acceptability was measured after each session and at the program's conclusion. Appropriateness was measured at 3-month follow-up. Thirteen participants were interviewed three months post-program on their perceptions of the program. RESULTS Participants reported high program satisfaction, engagement with psychosocial sessions, and enjoyment of recreational activities. Significant improvements were observed in trauma coping abilities and reductions in unmet needs for managing emotions, social support, respite, future planning, and accessing information and support domains. No change was evident in grief intensity or meaning-making as measured quantitatively. Interviews supported these quantitative findings but also identified evidence of personal growth, a component of meaning-making. CONCLUSIONS Good Grief is a highly acceptable and beneficial intervention that addresses the unique needs of AYAs bereaved by familial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandora Patterson
- Canteen Australia, GPO Box 3821, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Fiona E J McDonald
- Canteen Australia, GPO Box 3821, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Bianca Lavorgna
- Canteen Australia, GPO Box 3821, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia
- Present address: Support After Suicide, Jesuit Social Services, Australia and the Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barbara L Jones
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work and Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Anna E Sidis
- Canteen Australia, GPO Box 3821, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia
- Present address: School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Thomasin Powell
- Canteen Australia, GPO Box 3821, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia
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Asatsa S. Death Attitudes as Possible Predictors of Death Preparedness across Lifespan among Nonclinical Populations in Nairobi County, Kenya. Indian J Palliat Care 2020; 26:287-294. [PMID: 33311868 PMCID: PMC7725187 DOI: 10.4103/ijpc.ijpc_127_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Death is an important part of lifespan development, yet it remains trivialized or feared across many cultures. The perpetuation of death as a taboo subject continues to negatively affect the society. Death anxiety inhibits death preparedness which could affect the quality of dying. The pool of unclaimed assets held by different organizations continues to increase, intestate deaths remain high, and post death conflicts continue to affect many families. Aims: This study intended to examine death attitudes as possible predictors of death preparedness and explore the rationale for various death attitudes across lifespan in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods: The study adopted the mixed-methods explanatory sequential research design combining cross-sectional and phenomenological designs. The study targeted young adults, middle-aged adults, and seniors with a sample of 335 participants selected using multistage, stratified, and extreme case sampling designs. Data were collected using the Death Attitude Profile-Revised and interview guides. Analysis: Data were analyzed using univariate and thematic analyses. Results: The findings indicated that negative death attitudes declined with increase in age, whereas positive death attitudes increased with increase in age. Some of the reasons for negative death attitudes included threatening dying process, unfulfilled life goals, fear of hell, unresolved past deaths, and families with young children among others. The reasons for positive death attitude included reuniting with deceased loved ones and peers, meeting the creator, and end to a prolonged miserable life and fulfilled past life. Conclusion: This study implies that mental health practitioners need to target younger adults with death education programs to promote death preparedness and quality dying. For the older adults, addressing life regrets, family conflicts, and past unresolved deaths would significantly improve the quality of dying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Asatsa
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
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17
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Sawyer JS. Bereavement Outcomes for Atheist Individuals: The Role of Spirituality, Discrimination, and Meaning. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2020; 86:395-412. [PMID: 33176576 DOI: 10.1177/0030222820974536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study applied several concepts typically included in thanatology research to an atheist sample. Atheists are a growing segment of the population in the United States, though little is known about this group. A sample of 355 adults who self-identify as atheist completed an online survey assessing forms of spirituality, anti-atheist discrimination, and meaning reconstruction in order to examine associations between these variables and bereavement outcomes of complicated grief and psychological distress. Results of a multiple regression analysis suggested that spirituality was not related to bereavement outcomes, anti-atheist discrimination was related to poorer bereavement outcomes, while the relationship between meaning reconstruction and bereavement outcomes was mixed. These results provide a foundation for additional exploration of bereavement processes in atheist individuals, and implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Sawyer
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, Mont Alto, Pennsylvania, United States
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18
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Schiff M, Elkins Y, Aharoni E, Weisler-Mamou I, Parnas Goldberger S, Simhon Y. Bereavement among Israeli parents who lost children in military service: Protective factors for coping with loss. DEATH STUDIES 2020; 46:1266-1275. [PMID: 32903171 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1815102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study examined parental coping with grief and identified protective factors for better coping among parents who suffered the loss of a child during military service in Israel. Coping indicators included complicated grief, functioning in life tasks, succeeding in living meaningful lives, and personal growth. Participants were 164 parents who had lost children 5-16 years previously. We found strong associations between parents' decision to continue life despite traumatic loss and several indicators of coping. Meaning-making was associated with better functioning and greater personal growth. Practitioners should explore with parents the internal struggles about deciding whether to continue in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Schiff
- Paul Berwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoni Elkins
- Paul Berwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eti Aharoni
- Jerusalem District Department of Families and Commemoration, the Israel Defense Ministry, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Idit Weisler-Mamou
- Jerusalem District Department of Families and Commemoration, the Israel Defense Ministry, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarit Parnas Goldberger
- Jerusalem District Department of Families and Commemoration, the Israel Defense Ministry, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yardena Simhon
- Jerusalem District Department of Families and Commemoration, the Israel Defense Ministry, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Işıklı S, Keser E, Prigerson HG, Maciejewski PK. Validation of the prolonged grief scale (PG-13) and investigation of the prevalence and risk factors of prolonged grief disorder in Turkish bereaved samples. DEATH STUDIES 2020; 46:628-638. [PMID: 32285756 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1745955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate the Turkish version of the Prolonged Grief Scale (PG-13) and to determine the prevalence and predictors of prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Data were gathered from two independent samples of 306 (Study 1) and 271 (Study 2) bereaved adults to determine if findings in one sample could be replicated in the other. The results supported the one-factor structure of PG-13. PGD prevalence rates were 11.4% in Study 1 and 10% in Study 2. Lower level meaning reconstruction and unnatural cause of death were found as risk factors for the PGD diagnosis in both studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Işıklı
- Psychology Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emrah Keser
- Psychology Department, TED University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Holly G Prigerson
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Center for Research on End of Life Care, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul K Maciejewski
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Center for Research on End of Life Care, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Harrop E, Scott H, Sivell S, Seddon K, Fitzgibbon J, Morgan F, Pickett S, Byrne A, Nelson A, Longo M. Coping and wellbeing in bereavement: two core outcomes for evaluating bereavement support in palliative care. BMC Palliat Care 2020; 19:29. [PMID: 32164642 PMCID: PMC7068975 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-020-0532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bereavement support is a core part of palliative care. However, the evidence base is limited by a lack of consistency in the outcomes used to evaluate services and models of support, which makes it difficult to compare approaches. Core Outcome Sets (COS) represent the minimum that should be measured in research into specific conditions or services. The aim of this study was to use a stakeholders' perspective to develop a COS for evaluating bereavement support for adults in adult palliative care settings. METHODS A list of outcomes relevant to bereavement support was created following a systematic review of the quantitative and qualitative literature. At an expert workshop 21 stakeholders discussed their views on the most important outcomes and compared these to and critiqued the lists constructed from the review. These lists and discussions informed a two round international DELPHI survey (n = 240) designed to reach consensus on which outcomes/outcome dimensions should be included in the COS. To prioritise and validate the items emerging from the survey, participants at a subsequent consensus day ranked the relative importance of these items (n = 23). A final feedback exercise with these consensus day participants was conducted to confirm the selection of outcomes and dimensions. RESULTS 'Ability to cope with grief' and 'Quality of life and mental wellbeing' were selected as two core outcomes. Twenty-one different dimensions to explore when assessing these outcomes were also identified. The coping related dimensions have been categorised as: Negative and overwhelming grief; Communication and connectedness; Understanding, accepting and finding meaning in grief; Finding balance between grief and life going forwards; Accessing appropriate support. Those relating to quality of life and wellbeing have been categorised as; Participation in work and/or regular activities; Relationships and social functioning; Positive mental wellbeing and Negative mental and emotional state. CONCLUSION This COS outlines a more consistent way forward for bereavement researchers and practitioners, whilst also orientating towards public health and resilience-based approaches to bereavement care. Further work is planned to identify and develop measures which are specific to this core outcome set, and which will facilitate the future comparability of bereavement services and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Harrop
- Marie Curie Research Centre, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 8th Floor Neuadd Meirionydd, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - Hannah Scott
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, University Hospital Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY UK
| | - Stephanie Sivell
- Marie Curie Research Centre, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 8th Floor Neuadd Meirionydd, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - Kathy Seddon
- Marie Curie Research Centre, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 8th Floor Neuadd Meirionydd, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - Jim Fitzgibbon
- Marie Curie Research Centre, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 8th Floor Neuadd Meirionydd, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - Fiona Morgan
- Marie Curie Research Centre, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 8th Floor Neuadd Meirionydd, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - Sara Pickett
- Swansea Centre for Health Economics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
| | - Anthony Byrne
- Marie Curie Research Centre, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 8th Floor Neuadd Meirionydd, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - Annmarie Nelson
- Marie Curie Research Centre, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 8th Floor Neuadd Meirionydd, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - Mirella Longo
- Marie Curie Research Centre, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 8th Floor Neuadd Meirionydd, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
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21
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Yang N, Lee SM. The development and validation of the Meaning Making in Grief Scale. DEATH STUDIES 2020; 46:178-188. [PMID: 32048559 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1725929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to develop and investigate the psychometric properties of the Meaning Making in Grief Scale based on contemporary approaches to bereavement adaptation as a meaning reconstruction process. The research entailed three steps: scale development, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The current 21-item scale was composed of three subscales: Meaning of the Significant Other, Being Present, and Coping and Growth. Support was found for the reliability and validity of the scale, as reflected in the high levels of coherence of the subscales and their hypothesized correlation with established measures of meaning and grief symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- NaYeon Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Záhorcová L, Halama P, Enright RD. Forgiveness as a Factor of Adjustment in Bereaved Parents. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2019.1664786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Záhorcová
- Department of Psychology, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Halama
- Department of Psychology, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Robert D. Enright
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- International Forgiveness Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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23
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Wheat LS, Thacker NE. LGBTQ+ Loss Experiences and the Use of Meaning Reconstruction with Clients. JOURNAL OF LGBT ISSUES IN COUNSELING 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15538605.2019.1627973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura S. Wheat
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy E. Thacker
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation, and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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24
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Zakarian RJ, McDevitt-Murphy ME, Bellet BW, Neimeyer RA, Burke LA. Relations Among Meaning Making, PTSD, and Complicated Grief Following Homicide Loss. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2019.1565111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Zakarian
- aDepartment of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Benjamin W. Bellet
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert A. Neimeyer
- aDepartment of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Portland Institute for Loss and Transition, Portland, Oregon, USA
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25
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Nolan RD, Hallam JS. Construct Validity of the Theory of Grief Recovery (TOGR): A New Paradigm Toward Our Understanding of Grief and Loss. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2019.1571964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Nolan RD, Hallam JS. Measurement Development and Validation for Construct Validity of the Treatment: The Grief Recovery Method® Instrument (GRM-I). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2019.1571962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Milman E, Neimeyer RA, Fitzpatrick M, MacKinnon CJ, Muis KR, Cohen SR. Rumination moderates the role of meaning in the development of prolonged grief symptomatology. J Clin Psychol 2019; 75:1047-1065. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Milman
- Department of Educational and Counselling PsychologyMcGill UniversityMontreal Quebec
| | | | - Marilyn Fitzpatrick
- Department of Educational and Counselling PsychologyMcGill UniversityMontreal Quebec
| | | | - Krista R. Muis
- Department of Educational and Counselling PsychologyMcGill UniversityMontreal Quebec
| | - S. Robin Cohen
- Departments of Oncology and MedicineMcGill UniversityMontreal Quebec
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28
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Abstract
The death of a significant person, especially when it comes tragically or prematurely, can shake the foundations of our assumptive and relational world and lead to anguished attempts to find meaning in the loss and in our lives in its aftermath. In this article, I review one program of research focused on this attempt at meaning reconstruction, describe recently developed measures of meaning in mourning, and discuss several therapeutic techniques for helping clients make sense of the death and rework their attachment relationship to the deceased. I conclude by illustrating some of this work in my therapy with a couple grieving the loss of not one but two children to tragic accidents, as they try to adapt to a compound traumatic bereavement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Neimeyer
- a Department of Psychology , University of Memphis , Memphis , TN , USA
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29
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Abstract
As the tandem fields of bereavement care and research have evolved, so too has a keener appreciation of the role of theory in advancing both. This article succinctly summarizes the function of theory in directing investigation and intervention in grief and grief therapy and describes Meaning Reconstruction as one exemplar of this bootstrapping process, leading to evidence-based conceptual refinements and creative contributions to clinical practice.
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30
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Milman E, Neimeyer RA, Fitzpatrick M, MacKinnon CJ, Muis KR, Cohen SR. Prolonged grief symptomatology following violent loss: the mediating role of meaning. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2018; 8:1503522. [PMID: 30128081 PMCID: PMC6095024 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1503522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) is over-represented among those who have lost loved ones to violent causes. To tailor PGD interventions for this vulnerable population it is critical to examine the aetiology of PGD specifically in the context of violent death bereavement. Previous studies have suggested that violent loss increases symptoms of PGD by hindering the mourner's ability to make meaning of the death or its aftermath. However, these studies have relied on cross sectional data that preclude genuine prediction and have not differentiated among specific themes of meaning. Objective: This study aimed to identify specific themes of meaning that mediate the detrimental impact of violent loss on subsequent emergence of PGD symptomatology among the violently bereft. Method: A longitudinal, prospective design (N = 171) was used to assess violent loss and themes of meaning an average of six months post-loss allowing for prediction of PGD symptoms an average of eight months later. Results: Violent loss had a significant indirect effect on PGD symptomatology when meaning themes focusing on sense of peace and continuing bonds served as mediators. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the mediating role that specific meaning themes play in the development of PGD symptomatology following violent loss. These findings highlight the potential benefits of applying a meaning-based intervention approach with the violently bereft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Milman
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marilyn Fitzpatrick
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Krista R. Muis
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S. Robin Cohen
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Palliative Care Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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31
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Breen LJ, Karangoda MD, Kane RT, Howting DA, Aoun SM. Differences in meanings made according to prolonged grief symptomatology. DEATH STUDIES 2018; 42:69-78. [PMID: 28489494 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2017.1328467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated differences in specific meanings made following bereavement, according to participants' prolonged grief symptomatology. A survey of 580 bereaved adults (Mage = 61.6 years, 70.7% female) showed 13 meanings predicted symptomatology, with the largest differences between the two lower symptomatology groups and the high symptomatology group; the latter was more likely to report no meaning. The results provide further support for empirically distinct groups within the bereaved population, not only in terms of symptoms, etiology, outcomes, courses, and treatment responses, but also in their meanings made, and may assist in advancing meaning reconstruction interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Breen
- a School of Psychology and Speech Pathology , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Michelle D Karangoda
- a School of Psychology and Speech Pathology , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Robert T Kane
- a School of Psychology and Speech Pathology , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Denise A Howting
- b School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Samar M Aoun
- b School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
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32
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Supiano KP, Haynes LB, Pond V. The transformation of the meaning of death in complicated grief group therapy for survivors of suicide: A treatment process analysis using the meaning of loss codebook. DEATH STUDIES 2017; 41:553-561. [PMID: 28426330 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2017.1320339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the therapeutic process of grief change in survivors of suicide participating in complicated grief group therapy (CGGT) using the meaning of loss codebook (MLC). Complicated grief group therapy is a multimodal group psychotherapy designed to restore normal grieving in persons with complicated grief. Using video data, we evaluated transition points in psychotherapy associated with meaning reconstruction: retelling the narrative of the death, having an imaginal conversation with the deceased, and memory integration. The MLC codes captured most of the voiced statements of participants, provided a valuable lens for articulating the therapeutic process, and affirmed that CGGT facilitated effective grief.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara Burns Haynes
- a College of Nursing , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
| | - Vicki Pond
- b Primary Children's Hospital , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
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33
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Supiano KP, Haynes LB, Pond V. The Process of Change in Complicated Grief Group Therapy for Bereaved Dementia Caregivers: An Evaluation Using the Meaning of Loss Codebook. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2017; 60:155-169. [PMID: 28051926 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2016.1274930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Caring for a person with dementia has adverse health and mental health effects that, for 9-25% of caregivers, persist as complicated grief (CG). For bereaved dementia caregivers unable to satisfactorily grieve, specialized Complicated Grief Group Therapy (CGGT) can restore healthy grief. We investigated therapeutic change in CGGT participants, using an adapted version of the Gillies' Meaning of Loss Codebook. Participants demonstrated positive gains in 16 thematic areas, notably in moving on with life, summoning pleasant memories, and ascribing bad memories to disease rather than decedent. Meaning transitioned from negative to positive interpretations of the death over the course of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara Burns Haynes
- a University of Utah College of Nursing , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
| | - Vicki Pond
- b Primary Children's Hospital , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
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34
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Bellet BW, Neimeyer RA, Berman JS. Event Centrality and Bereavement Symptomatology: The Moderating Role of Meaning Made. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2016; 78:3-23. [DOI: 10.1177/0030222816679659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The centrality of a loss to a bereaved individual’s identity is associated with greater symptomatology, whereas meaning made of a loss is associated with positive outcomes. This article examines meaning made as a moderator of the relationship between event centrality and symptomatology. Our sample consisted of 204 bereaved undergraduate university students. Centrality was assessed using the Centrality of Events Scale, meaning made was assessed using the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale, and symptomatology was assessed using the posttraumatic stress disorder Checklist-Civilian and Inventory of Complicated Grief-Revised. Meaning made had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between centrality and both measures of symptomatology. At lower levels of meaning made, centrality had a strong and positive association with symptomatology; at higher levels of meaning made, this association became weaker. These results suggest that meaning made is the key to understanding how centrality affects bereavement outcomes.
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35
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Kim J, Han A, Park SH. Stress-Related Growth Experience: Listening to Korean Adolescents who have Visual Impairments. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2016.1246991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Kim
- Department of Recreation, Parks, and Leisure Services Administration, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Areum Han
- Korea University Center for Curriculum and Institute of Studies, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se-Hyuk Park
- Department of Sports Sciences, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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36
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Abstract
As theories of bereavement have evolved, so too have evidence-based interventions to mitigate complications in post-loss adaptation. This article reviews one line of programmatic research grounded in a conceptualisation of grieving as an attempt to reaffirm or reconstruct a world of meaning challenged by loss. Anchored in therapeutic encounters with the bereaved, a meaning reconstruction approach to loss has grown over the past 15 years to generate an increasingly substantial research base, as well as to develop and refine a wide array of contributions to psychological assessment and therapy. By summarising the major models, measures and methods resulting from this collaborative work, it offers an introduction to meaning reconstruction for those unfamiliar with it, noting its contributions to date, its areas of future development, and its relevance for clinical practice.
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37
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Medlock G. Seeking Consensual Understanding of Personal Meaning: Reflections on the Meaning Summit at First Congress on the Construction of Personal Meaning. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2015.1119079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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MacKinnon CJ, Smith NG, Henry M, Milman E, Chochinov HM, Körner A, Berish M, Farrace AJ, Liarikos N, Cohen SR. Reconstructing Meaning with Others in Loss: A Feasibility Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Bereavement Group. DEATH STUDIES 2015; 39:411-421. [PMID: 25674830 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2014.958628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
More effective psychosocial interventions that target uncomplicated bereavement are needed for those actively seeking support. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of evaluating a unique meaning-based group counseling (MBGC) intervention with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. Twenty-six bereft individuals were randomly assigned to either MBGC or a control bereavement support group. Twenty participants (11 experimental, nine control) completed all aspects of the study including self-report measures at baseline, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up of meaning in life, anxiety, depression, and grief. Results support the feasibility of an RCT with MBGC.
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