The double sides of hope: The meaning of hope among amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients

The role of spirituality in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their caregivers: Scoping review

BACKGROUND

There are few studies evaluating the role of spirituality and the role of spiritually integrated interventions in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS) and their caregivers.

OBJECTIVES

A scoping review was conducted to examine the nature and breadth of peer-reviewed literature on the role of spirituality, interventions integrating spirituality, and outcomes for PALS and their caregivers.

METHODS

A literature review was performed, following the methods from the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers, based on all articles published between January 2006 and April 2022, identified in the CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, MedicLatina, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and SPORTDiscus with full-text databases using key terms. Extracted data included research aims, study design, population and characteristics, theme description, and measures or type of intervention.

RESULTS

A total of 18 articles were included in this study: 14 qualitative, 3 quantitative, and 1 protocol of a quantitative study. Eight studies were based in Europe. The search identified different main themes related to spirituality for caregivers and patients, 2 spiritual measure scales, and one intervention. However, many studies were limited in sample size, generalizability, and transferability and used less sophisticated research designs.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS

This scoping review illustrates the importance given to spirituality by caregivers and PALS and reveals a very heterogeneous response. Thus, experimental studies in the area of spirituality are needed to systematically explore the impact of spiritual interventions, and the results of these studies could advance practice and policy by enhancing the quality of life for PALS and their caregivers.

Emotional and spiritual hope: Back to the future

A cognitive approach to hope has dominated psychology for five decades. Representing the farthest reaches of human intentionality, hope, thus rendered, can be viewed as both a product and promoter of the cognitive revolution and larger Western ideals. A different understanding of hope appears in medicine, the arts and humanities, as well as early psychological accounts. In this article, I review evidence for understanding hope as an emotion with extra-rational elements. I focus on recent research but also incorporate classic insights, highlighting grounded studies (e.g., lay beliefs and clinical data) as well as empirical data that distinguishes an emotional and spiritual hope from the cognitive construct. A motivational account of hope is offered, highlighting the needs for attachment, survival, mastery, and spirituality.

Hopamine as Personalized Medicine for Persons with Parkinson's Disease

Prescribing dopamine replacement therapy remains the most common approach used by physicians who strive to support persons with Parkinson's disease. In this viewpoint, we argue that instead of merely prescribing dopamine, healthcare professionals should particularly encourage and enable persons with Parkinson's disease to draft their own personalized prescription of "hopamine". The term hopamine is a self-invented neologism representing the uniquely personal set of hopes, desires, experiences, and skills of each individual with a dopamine deficit. As such, the concept of hopamine-as a reflection of the unique personal characteristics of each person with Parkinson's disease-really supplements that of dopamine-as a reflection of each person's unique physical characteristics. Whereas a prescription of dopamine replacement medication necessitates the diagnosed individual to lay his or her fate in the hands of medical professionals, adding a personalized dose of hopamine to the therapeutic mix empowers persons to self-manage daily life with Parkinson's disease. In this viewpoint, we argue that hopamine is a prerequisite for personalized medicine and offer several practical recommendations for how medical professionals can introduce the concept of hopamine in daily clinical practice.