Insight Scale for Nonclinical University Students: Validity and Reliability Analysis

The effects of women's insight levels on breast cancer prevention behaviors: a cross-sectional study

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of women's insight levels on their breast cancer prevention behaviors in primary health care services. A systematic sampling method was used to select a sample of 393 women in a province in Turkey. Socio-demographic Characteristics Form, Insight Scale and Scale for Determining Factors Affecting Women's Breast Cancer Prevention Behaviour were used as data collection tools. Data were collected face-to-face and then analyzed statistically using Student's t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey HSD, Spearman correlation test and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that those who felt "healthy" had significantly higher mean breast cancer prevention behavior (p < .05). It was determined that there was a weak positive correlation between the level of insight and breast cancer prevention behaviors, and the increase in the level of insight had a significant positive effect of 0.37 ± 0.051 points on breast cancer prevention behaviors. It was found that there was a significant negative effect on prevention behaviors with 1.66 ± 0.796 points in those with a high education level and 1.58 ± 0.505 points in those with suspected disease. In conclusion, in this study, it was determined that insight level, education level, and awareness of early diagnosis affected the prevention behaviors of breast cancer.

Equidistant Response Options on Likert-Type Instruments: Testing the Interval Scaling Assumption Using Mplus

The purpose of the present study was to provide the means to evaluate the "interval-scaling" assumption that governs the use of parametric statistics and continuous data estimators in self-report instruments that utilize Likert-type scaling. Using simulated and real data, the methodology to test for this important assumption is evaluated using the popular software Mplus 8.8. Evidence on meeting the assumption is provided using the Wald test and the equidistant index. It is suggested that routine evaluations of self-report instruments engage the present methodology so that the most appropriate estimator will be implemented when testing the construct validity of self-report instruments.