The Client Assessment of Multicultural Competent Behavior (CAMCB): Development and Validation

Equidistant Response Options on Likert-Type Instruments: Testing the Interval Scaling Assumption Using Mplus

The purpose of the present study was to provide the means to evaluate the "interval-scaling" assumption that governs the use of parametric statistics and continuous data estimators in self-report instruments that utilize Likert-type scaling. Using simulated and real data, the methodology to test for this important assumption is evaluated using the popular software Mplus 8.8. Evidence on meeting the assumption is provided using the Wald test and the equidistant index. It is suggested that routine evaluations of self-report instruments engage the present methodology so that the most appropriate estimator will be implemented when testing the construct validity of self-report instruments.

The Wright-Constantine Structured Cultural Interview and Integration of Culture into Case Conceptualization

Although multicultural counseling competence is crucial to the field of counseling psychology and clinical assessment, there remains a gap in how cultural data can be collected and used in clinical case conceptualization. The present study evaluated the case conceptualizations of doctoral-level trainees and focused on whether the integration of culture into the conceptualizations/formulations was influenced by the use of the Wright-Constantine Structured Cultural Interview (WCSCI), as compared to the use of one of two other cultural interviews (the Patient Cultural Identity Assessment and the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview). Unsurprisingly, clients with minoritized identities and supervisors (but not trainees) with minoritized identities produced case conceptualizations that integrated culture at higher rates. Further, those conceptualizations that utilized the WCSCI were around 3.5 to 4.5 times more likely to integrate culture than those that used one of the other two cultural interviews. Implications for psychology practice are discussed.