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A proteomic approach to identify novel disease biomarkers in LCAT deficiency. J Proteomics 2018; 198:113-118. [PMID: 30529744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic LCAT deficiency is a rare recessive autosomal disease due to loss-of-function mutations in the gene coding for the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Homozygous carriers are characterized by corneal opacity, haemolytic anaemia and renal disease, which represent the first cause of morbidity and mortality in these subjects. Diagnostic and prognostic markers capable of early detecting declining kidney function in these subjects are not available, and the specific serum or urine proteomic signature of LCAT deficient carriers has never been assessed. Taking advantage of a proteomic approach, we performed 2-DE analysis of carriers' plasma and identified proteins present at different concentration in samples from homozygous carriers. Our data confirm the well-known alterations in the concentration of circulating apolipoproteins, with a statistically significant decrease of both apoA-I and apoA-II and a statistically significant increase of apoC-III. Furthermore, we observed increased level of alpha-1-antitrypsin, zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein and retinol-binding protein 4, and reduced level of clusterin and haptoglobin. Interestingly, only beta but not alpha subunit of haptoglobin is significant reduced in homozygous subjects. Despite the limited sample size, our findings set the basis for assessing the identified protein in a larger population and for correlating their levels with clinical markers of renal function and anaemia. SIGNIFICANCE: This investigation defines the effects of LCAT deficiency on the level of the major plasma proteins in homozygous and heterozygous carriers. Increase for some proteins, with different function, together with a drop for haptoglobin, and specifically for haptoglobin beta chains, are reported for the first time as part of a coherent signature. We are glad to have the opportunity to report our findings on this subject, which is one of the main interests for our research group, when Journal of Proteomics celebrates its 10th anniversary. With its various sections devoted to different areas of research, this journal is a privileged forum for publishing proteomic investigations without restrictions either in sample type or in technical approach. It is as well a privileged forum for reviewing literature data on various topics related to proteomics investigation, as colleagues in our research group have done over the years; by the way, a good share of the reviewed papers were as well reports published in Journal of Proteomics itself. The journal also offers opportunities for focused surveys through thematic issues devoted to a variety of subjects, timely selected for their current relevance in research; it was an honour for colleagues in our group to recently act as editors of one of those. Out of this diverse experience, we express our appreciation for the endeavour of Journal of Proteomics in its first 10 years of life - and wish identical and possibly greater success for the time to come.
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De Benedetti S, Gianazza E, Banfi C, Marocchi A, Lunetta C, Penco S, Bonomi F, Iametti S. Serum Proteome in a Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Geographical Cluster. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28799191 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study is meant to characterize the serum proteome in a small geographical cluster of sporadic ALS subjects originating from a restricted geographical area and sharing the same environmental exposure, in a broader context of evaluating the relevance of environmental factors to disease onset, status, and progression. An Artificial Neural Network based software is used to compare the relative abundance of proteins identified as different (by means of bi-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry) in the serum proteome of patients and age-matched healthy controls. The patient's group is characterized by altered levels of acute phase reactants and of proteins involved in lipid homeostasis, along with over-representation of the APOE*4 allele. Characterization of the serum proteome in a small cluster of sporadic ALS patients, originating from a geographically restricted area with a high prevalence of the disease and evaluation of the results with software based on artificial neural networks, highlights the association of the relative abundance of some proteins (most notably, acute phase reactants and lipid homeostasis proteins) with the disease presence and status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano De Benedetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gianazza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Computational Biophysics, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Marocchi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Penco
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Gianazza E, Miller I, Palazzolo L, Parravicini C, Eberini I. With or without you — Proteomics with or without major plasma/serum proteins. J Proteomics 2016; 140:62-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Nguyen SD, Maaninka K, Lappalainen J, Nurmi K, Metso J, Öörni K, Navab M, Fogelman AM, Jauhiainen M, Lee-Rueckert M, Kovanen PT. Carboxyl-Terminal Cleavage of Apolipoprotein A-I by Human Mast Cell Chymase Impairs Its Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 36:274-84. [PMID: 26681753 PMCID: PMC4725095 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) has been shown to possess several atheroprotective functions, including inhibition of inflammation. Protease-secreting activated mast cells reside in human atherosclerotic lesions. Here we investigated the effects of the neutral proteases released by activated mast cells on the anti-inflammatory properties of apoA-I. APPROACH AND RESULTS Activation of human mast cells triggered the release of granule-associated proteases chymase, tryptase, cathepsin G, carboxypeptidase A, and granzyme B. Among them, chymase cleaved apoA-I with the greatest efficiency and generated C-terminally truncated apoA-I, which failed to bind with high affinity to human coronary artery endothelial cells. In tumor necrosis factor-α-activated human coronary artery endothelial cells, the chymase-cleaved apoA-I was unable to suppress nuclear factor-κB-dependent upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and to block THP-1 cells from adhering to and transmigrating across the human coronary artery endothelial cells. Chymase-cleaved apoA-I also had an impaired ability to downregulate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in lipopolysaccharide-activated GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)- and M-CSF (macrophage colony-stimulating factor)-differentiated human macrophage foam cells and to inhibit reactive oxygen species formation in PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate)-activated human neutrophils. Importantly, chymase-cleaved apoA-I showed reduced ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vivo in mice. Treatment with chymase blocked the ability of the apoA-I mimetic peptide L-4F, but not of the protease-resistant D-4F, to inhibit proinflammatory gene expression in activated human coronary artery endothelial cells and macrophage foam cells and to prevent reactive oxygen species formation in activated neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS The findings identify C-terminal cleavage of apoA-I by human mast cell chymase as a novel mechanism leading to loss of its anti-inflammatory functions. When targeting inflamed protease-rich atherosclerotic lesions with apoA-I, infusions of protease-resistant apoA-I might be the appropriate approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Duy Nguyen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (S.D.N., K.M., J.L., K.N., K.Ö., M.L.-R., P.T.K.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F.)
| | - Katariina Maaninka
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (S.D.N., K.M., J.L., K.N., K.Ö., M.L.-R., P.T.K.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F.)
| | - Jani Lappalainen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (S.D.N., K.M., J.L., K.N., K.Ö., M.L.-R., P.T.K.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F.)
| | - Katariina Nurmi
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (S.D.N., K.M., J.L., K.N., K.Ö., M.L.-R., P.T.K.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F.)
| | - Jari Metso
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (S.D.N., K.M., J.L., K.N., K.Ö., M.L.-R., P.T.K.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F.)
| | - Katariina Öörni
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (S.D.N., K.M., J.L., K.N., K.Ö., M.L.-R., P.T.K.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F.)
| | - Mohamad Navab
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (S.D.N., K.M., J.L., K.N., K.Ö., M.L.-R., P.T.K.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F.)
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (S.D.N., K.M., J.L., K.N., K.Ö., M.L.-R., P.T.K.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F.)
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (S.D.N., K.M., J.L., K.N., K.Ö., M.L.-R., P.T.K.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F.)
| | - Miriam Lee-Rueckert
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (S.D.N., K.M., J.L., K.N., K.Ö., M.L.-R., P.T.K.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F.)
| | - Petri T Kovanen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (S.D.N., K.M., J.L., K.N., K.Ö., M.L.-R., P.T.K.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F.).
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Lee-Rueckert M, Kovanen PT. The mast cell as a pluripotent HDL-modifying effector in atherogenesis: from in vitro to in vivo significance. Curr Opin Lipidol 2015; 26:362-8. [PMID: 26339766 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize evidence about the effects that mast cell mediators can exert on the cholesterol efflux-inducing function of high density lipoproteins (HDL). RECENT FINDINGS Subendothelially located activated mast cells are present in inflamed tissue sites, in which macrophage foam cells are also present. Upon activation, mast cells degranulate and expel 2 major neutral proteases, chymase and tryptase, and the vasoactive compound histamine, all of which are bound to the heparin-proteoglycan matrix of the granules. In the extracellular fluid, the proteases remain heparin-bound and retain their activities, whereas histamine dissociates and diffuses away to reach the endothelium. The heparin-bound mast cell proteases avidly degrade lipid-poor HDL particles so preventing their ability to induce cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells. In contrast, histamine enhances the passage of circulating HDL through the vascular endothelium into interstitial fluids, so favoring HDL interaction with peripheral macrophage foam cells and accelerating initiation of macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport. SUMMARY Mast cells exert various modulatory effects on HDL function. In this novel tissue cholesterol-regulating function, the functional balance of histamine and proteases, and the relative quantities of HDL particles in the affected microenvironment ultimately dictate the outcome of the multiple mast cell effects on tissue cholesterol content.
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GUO LING, SUN GUIZHI, WANG GUOYU, NING WENHU, ZHAO KAN. Soluble P-selectin promotes acute myocardial infarction onset but not severity. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2027-33. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Eberini I, Wait R, Calabresi L, Sensi C, Miller I, Gianazza E. A proteomic portrait of atherosclerosis. J Proteomics 2013; 82:92-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gomaraschi M, Ossoli A, Vitali C, Pozzi S, Vitali Serdoz L, Pitzorno C, Sinagra G, Franceschini G, Calabresi L. Off-target effects of thrombolytic drugs: apolipoprotein A-I proteolysis by alteplase and tenecteplase. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:525-30. [PMID: 23219857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The administration of thrombolytic drugs is of proven benefit in a variety of clinical conditions requiring acute revascularization, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism, and venous thrombosis. Generated plasmin can degrade non-target proteins, including apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein constituent of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Aim of the present study was to compare the extent of apoA-I proteolytic degradation in AMI patients treated with two thrombolytic drugs, alteplase and the genetically engineered t-PA variant tenecteplase. ApoA-I degradation was evaluated in sera from 38 AMI patients treated with alteplase or tenecteplase. In vitro, apoA-I degradation was tested by incubating control sera or purified HDL with alteplase or tenecteplase at different concentrations (5-100 μg/ml). Treatment with alteplase and tenecteplase results in apoA-I proteolysis; the extent of apoA-I degradation was more pronounced in alteplase-treated patients than in tenecteplase-treated patients. In vitro, the extent of apoA-I proteolysis was higher in alteplase-treated sera than in tenecteplase-treated sera, in the whole drug concentration range. No direct effect of the two thrombolytic agents on apoA-I degradation was observed. In addition to apoA-I, apoA-IV was also degraded by the two thrombolytic agents and again proteolytic degradation was higher with alteplase than tenecteplase. In conclusion, this study indicates that both alteplase and tenecteplase cause plasmin-mediated proteolysis of apoA-I, with alteplase resulting in a greater apoA-I degradation than tenecteplase, potentially causing a transient impairment of HDL atheroprotective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gomaraschi
- Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Cho KH. 1,8-cineole protected human lipoproteins from modification by oxidation and glycation and exhibited serum lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory activity in zebrafish. BMB Rep 2012; 45:565-70. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lee-Rueckert M, Kovanen PT. Extracellular modifications of HDL in vivo and the emerging concept of proteolytic inactivation of preβ-HDL. Curr Opin Lipidol 2011; 22:394-402. [PMID: 21881503 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32834a3d24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Both quantity and quality of the circulating HDL particle matter for the optimal antiatherogenic potential of HDL. This review summarizes various mechanisms capable of inducing extracellular modifications of HDL and reducing the function of HDL subclasses as cholesterol acceptors. Special emphasis is laid on the proteolytic inactivation of lipid-poor preβ-migrating HDL (preβ-HDL). RECENT FINDINGS HDL particles can undergo functional inactivation in vivo. During atherogenesis, different cell types in the arterial intima release enzymes into the intimal fluid, potentially capable of causing structural and chemical modifications of the various components present in the lipid core or in the polar surface of the HDL particles. Enzymatic oxidation, lipolysis and proteolysis, and nonenzymatic glycosylation are among the HDL modifications that adversely affect HDL functionality. Proteolysis of preβ-HDL by various proteases present in the arterial intima has emerged as a potential mechanism that impairs the efficiency of HDL to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells, the mast cell-derived neutral protease chymase being a prime example of such impairment. A paradigm of proteolytic inactivation of preβ-HDL in vivo is emerging. SUMMARY Several extracellular enzymes present in the arterial intima may compromise various cardioprotective functions of HDL. Observations on proteolysis of specific lipid-poor HDL subpopulations in vivo constitute the basis for future studies evaluating the actual impact of proteolytic microenvironments on the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Jang W, Jeoung NH, Cho KH. Modified apolipoprotein (apo) A-I by artificial sweetener causes severe premature cellular senescence and atherosclerosis with impairment of functional and structural properties of apoA-I in lipid-free and lipid-bound state. Mol Cells 2011; 31:461-70. [PMID: 21533907 PMCID: PMC3887604 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-1009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term consumption of artificial sweeteners (AS) has been the recent focus of safety concerns. However, the potential risk of the AS in cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism has not been investigated sufficiently. We compared the influence of AS (aspartame, acesulfame K, and saccharin) and fructose in terms of functional and structural correlations of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), which have atheroprotective effects. Long-term treatment of apoA-I with the sweetener at physiological concentration (3 mM for 168 h) resulted in loss of antioxidant and phospholipid binding activities with modification of secondary structure. The AS treated apoA-I exhibited proteolytic cleavage to produce 26 kDa-fragment. They showed pro-atherogenic properties in acetylated LDL phagocytosis of macrophages. Each sweetener alone or sweetener-treated apoA-I caused accelerated senescence in human dermal fibroblasts. These results suggest that long-term consumption of AS might accelerate atherosclerosis and senescence via impairment of function and structure of apoA-I and HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wookju Jang
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Nam Ho Jeoung
- Department of Fundamental Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CULeaders College, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 712-702, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kyung-Hyun Cho
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
- Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
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Usami Y, Matsuda K, Sugano M, Ishimine N, Kurihara Y, Sumida T, Yamauchi K, Tozuka M. Detection of chymase-digested C-terminally truncated apolipoprotein A-I in normal human serum. J Immunol Methods 2011; 369:51-8. [PMID: 21497162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In atherosclerotic artery walls, mast cells, an inflammatory cell, are activated and secrete some proteases including chymase. Chymase, a chymotrypsin-like protease, cleaves the C-terminus of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) at Phe225. This cleavage reduces the ability of apoA-I to promote the efflux of cellular cholesterol. The aim of this study is to detect C-terminally truncated apoA-I in normal human serum. For this purpose, we generated a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes C-terminally truncated apoA-I by immunizing mice with a peptide that corresponds to human apoA-I amino acid residues 216-225. The monoclonal antibody, termed 16-4 mAb, selectively reacted with recombinant C-terminally truncated apoA-I, but not recombinant full-length apoA-I. A two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis also indicated that only two out of six spots that contained apoA-I fragments and had a molecular mass of 26 kDa after chymase digestion reacted with the 16-4 mAb. We detected an extremely small amount of C-terminally truncated apoA-I in normal human serum by concentrating the serum through affinity chromatography using a 16-4 mAb-conjugated resin, and then performing Western blot analysis. The 16-4 mAb could be useful to examine whether C-terminally truncated apoA-I is associated with the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Usami
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Lee-Rueckert M, Silvennoinen R, Rotllan N, Judström I, Blanco-Vaca F, Metso J, Jauhiainen M, Kovanen PT, Escola-Gil JC. Mast Cell Activation In Vivo Impairs the Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway in the Mouse. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:520-7. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.221069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Lee-Rueckert
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.L.-R., R.S., I.J., P.T.K.); Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (N.R., F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M
| | - Reija Silvennoinen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.L.-R., R.S., I.J., P.T.K.); Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (N.R., F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.L.-R., R.S., I.J., P.T.K.); Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (N.R., F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M
| | - Ilona Judström
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.L.-R., R.S., I.J., P.T.K.); Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (N.R., F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.L.-R., R.S., I.J., P.T.K.); Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (N.R., F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M
| | - Jari Metso
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.L.-R., R.S., I.J., P.T.K.); Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (N.R., F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.L.-R., R.S., I.J., P.T.K.); Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (N.R., F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M
| | - Petri T. Kovanen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.L.-R., R.S., I.J., P.T.K.); Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (N.R., F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M
| | - Joan Carles Escola-Gil
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.L.-R., R.S., I.J., P.T.K.); Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (N.R., F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V., J.C.E.-G.); Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (F.B.-V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M
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Park KH, Shin DG, Kim JR, Cho KH. Senescence-Related Truncation and Multimerization of Apolipoprotein A-I in High-Density Lipoprotein With an Elevated Level of Advanced Glycated End Products and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Activity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:600-10. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS), such as unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death, are commonly associated with the presence of vulnerable plaques in coronary arteries. Rupture or erosion of vulnerable plaques results in the formation of luminal thrombi due to the physical contact between platelets and thrombogenic elements within the atherosclerotic lesions. Considering the socioeconomic burden of ACS, it is imperative that the scientific community achieves a clear understanding of the multifaceted pathophysiology of vulnerable atheroma to identify accurate prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The analytical power of modern proteomic technologies could facilitate our understanding of vulnerable plaques and lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Judström I, Jukkola H, Metso J, Jauhiainen M, Kovanen PT, Lee-Rueckert M. Mast cell-dependent proteolytic modification of HDL particles during anaphylactic shock in the mouse reduces their ability to induce cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells ex vivo. Atherosclerosis 2009; 208:148-54. [PMID: 19679305 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have found previously that proteolytic modification of HDL by mast cell chymase in vitro reduces cholesterol efflux from cultured macrophage foam cells. Here, we evaluated whether mast cell-dependent proteolysis of HDL particles may occur in vivo, and whether such modification would impair their function in inducing cellular cholesterol efflux ex vivo. METHODS Systemic activation of mast cells in the mouse was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of a high dose of the mast cell-specific noncytotoxic degranulating agent, compound 48/80. Serum and intraperitoneal fluid were then evaluated for degradation of HDL apolipoproteins and for their potential to act as cholesterol acceptors from cultured mouse macrophage foam cells. RESULTS Lysates of isolated mouse peritoneal mast cells containing active chymase partially proteolyzed apoA-I in alpha- and prebeta-HDL particles in mouse serum in vitro, and, when injected into the mouse peritoneal cavity, the lysates also degraded endogenous apoA-I in peritoneal fluid in vivo. Systemic activation of mast cells in mast cell-competent mice, but not in mast cell-deficient (W-sash c-kit mutant) mice, reduced the ability of serum and intraperitoneal fluid derived from these animals to promote efflux of cellular cholesterol. This inhibitory effect was related to mast cell-dependent proteolytic degradation of apoA-I, apoA-IV, and apoE, i.e., the HDL-associated apolipoproteins that are efficient inducers of cholesterol efflux. CONCLUSION The present results document a role for extracellular mast cell-dependent proteolysis in the generation of dysfunctional HDL, and suggest an inhibitory role for mast cells in the initial step of reverse cholesterol transport in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Judström
- Wihuri Research Institute, Kalliolinnatie, 4, Helsinki, Finland
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Xu YJ, Wang LY. [Research progress on the association between genetic variations in lipid metabolism and premature coronary artery disease]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2008; 30:671-676. [PMID: 18550487 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2008.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated a strong genetic linkage between premature coronary artery disease (pCAD) and dyslipidemia. Genetic variation in lipid metabolism can lead to impediment of lipid anabolism and catabolism, which promotes vascular arterosclerogenesis. Currently, related studies were focused on: (1) Gene mutations related to low density lipoprotein metabolism, such as low density lipoprotein receptor, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein E; (2) Gene mutations related to high density lipoprotein metabolism-related genes, such as ATP binding cassette transporter, apolipoprotein A1, lipoprotein lipase; (3) low density lipoprotein receptor-related genes: Adiponectin. These genes had been proved to be cor-related with pCAD. Mutations of these genes can lead to series of genetic disease characterized by pCAD. This review gives a brief summary of the roles of these genes played in the initiation and development of pCAD, providing valuable information to primer prevention and individualized treatment of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Xu
- Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Vascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
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Lee-Rueckert M, von Eckardstein A, Kovanen PT. The neutral protease chymase degrades apolipoprotein E from high-density lipoproteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 46:421-3. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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