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Chelnokova IA, Nikitina IA, Starodubtseva MN. Mechanical properties of blood exosomes and lipoproteins after the rat whole blood irradiation with X-rays in vitro explored by atomic force microscopy. Micron 2024; 184:103662. [PMID: 38838454 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Blood is a two-component system with two levels of hierarchy: the macrosystem of blood formed elements and the dispersed system of blood nanoparticles. Biological nanoparticles are the key participants in communication between the irradiated and non-irradiated cells and inducers of the non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation. The work aimed at studying by atomic force microscopy the structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of exosomes and lipoproteins (LDL/VLDL) isolated from rat blood after its exposure to X-rays in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The whole blood of Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet was irradiated with X-rays (1 and 100 Gy) in vitro. The structural and mechanical properties (the elastic modulus and nonspecific adhesion force) of exosome and lipoprotein isolates from the blood by ultracentrifugation method were studied using Bruker Bioscope Resolve atomic force microscope in PF QNM mode, their electric properties (the zeta-potential) was measured by electrophoretic mobility. RESULTS Lipoproteins isolated from non-irradiated blood were softer (Me(LQ; UQ): 7.8(4.9;12.1) MPa) compared to blood nanoparticles of its exosome fraction (34.8(22.6;44.9) MPa) containing both exosomes and non-membrane nanoparticles. X-ray blood irradiation with a dose of 1 Gy significantly weakened the elastic properties of lipoproteins. Exposure of the blood to 100 Gy X-rays made lipoproteins stiffer and their nonspecific adhesive properties stronger. The radiation effects on the mechanical parameters of exosomes and non-membrane nanoparticles in exosome fractions differed. The significant radiation-induced change in electric properties of the studied nanoparticles was detected only for lipoproteins in the blood irradiated with 1 Gy X-rays. The low-dose radiation-induced changes in zeta-potential and increase in lipoprotein size with the appearance of a soft thick surface layer indicate the formation of the modified lipoproteins covered with a corona from macromolecules of irradiated blood. CONCLUSION Our data obtained using the nanomechanical mapping mode of AFM are the first evidence of the significant radiation-induced changes in the structural and mechanical properties of the dispersed system of blood nanoparticles after the X-ray irradiation of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Chelnokova
- Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Gomel, Belarus.
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Liu D, Li Y, Ji N, Xia W, Zhang B, Feng X. Association between weight-adjusted waist index and testosterone deficiency in adult American men: findings from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2013-2016. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1683. [PMID: 38915014 PMCID: PMC11197353 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone deficiency (TD) and obesity are globally recognized health concerns, with a bidirectional causal relationship between them. And a newly discovered obesity indicator, the Weight-Adjusted-Waist Index (WWI), has been proposed, demonstrating superior adiposity identification capability compared to traditional body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) indicators. Therefore, we present the inaugural investigation into the associations of WWI with total testosterone levels and the risk of TD. METHODS Data restricted to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2013 and 2016 were analyzed. Only males aged > 20 years who completed body measures and underwent serum sex hormone testing were potentially eligible for analysis. Weighted multivariable linear regression and logistic regression analyses were employed to investigate the relationships between WWI and total testosterone levels, and the risk of TD, respectively. Smooth curve fittings and weighted generalized additive model (GAM) regression were conducted to examine the linear relationship among them. Additionally, subgroup analyses with interaction tests were performed to assess the stability of the results. RESULTS Finally, a total of 4099 participants with complete data on testosterone and WWI were included in the formal analysis. The mean age of study participants was 46.74 ± 0.35 years with a TD prevalence of 25.54%. After adjusting all potential confounders, the continuous WWI displayed a negative linear relationship with total testosterone levels (β=-61.41, 95%CI: -72.53, -50.29, P < 0.0001) and a positive linear relationship with risk of TD (OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.47, 2.39, P < 0.0001). When WWI was transformed into quartiles as a categorical variable, participants in Q4 exhibited lower total testosterone levels (β=-115.4, 95%CI: -142.34, -88.45, P < 0.0001) and a higher risk of TD (OR = 3.38, 95% CI: 2.10, 5.44, P < 0.001). These associations remained stable in subgroup analyses without significant interaction (all P for interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This investigation firstly unveiled a negative linear association between WWI and total testosterone levels, coupled with a positive linear relationship with the prevalence of TD in U.S. male adults aged 20 years and older. Further studies are needed to validate the potential utility of WWI for the early identification and timely intervention of TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou), Chuzhou, Anhui, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nuo Ji
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingliang Feng
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Moosazadeh M, Ebrahimnejad P, Kheradmand M, Modanloo M, Mardanshah F, Mahboobi S, Rostamian M, Safajoo A, Dehghanzadegan M, kianmehr F. Association Between Smoking and Lipid Profile in Men Aged 35 to 70 Years: Dose-Response Analysis. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883241249655. [PMID: 38742733 PMCID: PMC11095195 DOI: 10.1177/15579883241249655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is linked to various health complications, including cardiovascular disease and inflammation. This study aimed to assess the association between smoking and lipid profile in the Tabari cohort population. Data from the Tabari Cohort Study involving 4,149 men were analyzed. A standardized questionnaire collected smoking history, while blood samples measured lipid levels and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Statistical analysis utilized chi-square tests and logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. The prevalence of smoking was 893 (21.52%; urban: 20.6%, mountainous: 23.8%, significant level: .024). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) among smokers 1.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-1.77, p < .001) was the same as non-smokers. The adjusted OR of high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in men with 1 to 10, 11 to 20, and more than 20 cigarettes per day was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.73-1.25), 1.30 (95% CI: 0.99-1.71), and 2.64 (95% CI: 1.32-5.27) and low HDL was equal to 1.34 (95% CI: 1.06-1.68), 1.61 (95% CI: 1.26-2.05), and 2.24 (95% CI: 1.13-4.42) compared with non-smokers, respectively. The study findings indicate that smoking is associated with lower HDL levels, even after adjusting for potential confounders. The odds of low HDL and high LDL increases with higher smoking intensity. The low HDL and high LDL levels in individuals smoking over 20 cigarettes/day, respectively, show a 2.24-fold and a 2.64-fold increased odds compared to non-smokers. These findings highlight the importance of smoking cessation in relation to lipid profiles and related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestitional Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Disease Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Pedram Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Motahareh Kheradmand
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mona Modanloo
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mardanshah
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shamim Mahboobi
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehrasa Rostamian
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Aysa Safajoo
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Marzieh Dehghanzadegan
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh kianmehr
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Ahotupa M. Lipid Oxidation Products and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: Role of Lipoprotein Transport. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:512. [PMID: 38790617 PMCID: PMC11117553 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol has for decades ruled the history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and the present view of the etiology of the disease is based on the transport of cholesterol by plasma lipoproteins. The new knowledge of the lipoprotein-specific transport of lipid oxidation products (LOPs) has introduced another direction to the research of CVD, revealing strong associations between lipoprotein transport functions, atherogenic LOP, and CVD. The aim of this review is to present the evidence of the lipoprotein-specific transport of LOP and to evaluate the potential consequences of the proposed role of the LOP transport as a risk factor. The associations of cholesterol and lipoprotein LOP with the known risk factors of CVD are mostly parallel, and because of the common transport and cellular intake mechanisms it is difficult to ascertain the independent effects of either cholesterol or LOP. While cholesterol is known to have important physiological functions, LOPs are merely regarded as metabolic residues and able to initiate and boost atherogenic processes. It is therefore likely that with the increased knowledge of the lipoprotein-specific transport of LOP, the role of cholesterol as a risk factor of CVD will be challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Ahotupa
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Fleischmann M, Jarnicki AG, Brown AS, Yang C, Anderson GP, Garbi N, Hartland EL, van Driel IR, Ng GZ. Cigarette smoke depletes alveolar macrophages and delays clearance of Legionella pneumophila. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L373-L384. [PMID: 36719079 PMCID: PMC10026984 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00268.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is the main etiological agent of Legionnaires' disease, a severe bacterial pneumonia. L. pneumophila is initially engulfed by alveolar macrophages (AMs) and subvert normal cellular functions to establish a replicative vacuole. Cigarette smokers are particularly susceptible to developing Legionnaires' disease and other pulmonary infections; however, little is known about the cellular mechanisms underlying this susceptibility. To investigate this, we used a mouse model of acute cigarette smoke exposure to examine the immune response to cigarette smoke and subsequent L. pneumophila infection. Contrary to previous reports, we show that cigarette smoke exposure alone causes a significant depletion of AMs using enzymatic digestion to extract cells, or via imaging intact lung lobes by light-sheet microscopy. Furthermore, treatment of mice deficient in specific types of cell death with smoke suggests that NLRP3-driven pyroptosis is a contributor to smoke-induced death of AMs. After infection, smoke-exposed mice displayed increased pulmonary L. pneumophila loads and developed more severe disease compared with air-exposed controls. We tested if depletion of AMs was related to this phenotype by directly depleting them with clodronate liposomes and found that this also resulted in increased L. pneumophila loads. In summary, our results showed that cigarette smoke depleted AMs from the lung and that this likely contributed to more severe Legionnaires' disease. Furthermore, the role of AMs in L. pneumophila infection is more nuanced than simply providing a replicative niche, and our studies suggest they play a major role in bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Fleischmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrew G Jarnicki
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew S Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary P Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elizabeth L Hartland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian R van Driel
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Garrett Z Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
In the absence of obesity, adverse lifestyle behaviours, and use of medication such as opioids serum testosterone concentrations decrease by only a minimal amount at least until very advanced age in most men. Obesity is heterogeneous in its phenotype, and it is the accumulation of excess adipose tissue viscerally associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, inflammation, hypothalamic leptin resistance and gliosis that underpins the functional hypogonadism of obesity. Both central (hypothalamic) and peripheral mechanisms are involved resulting in a low serum total testosterone concentration, while LH and FSH are typically in the normal range. Peripherally a decrease in serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentration only partially explains the decrease in testosterone and there is increasing evidence for direct effects in the testis. Men with obesity associated functional hypogonadism and serum testosterone concentrations below 16 nmol/L are at increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D); high testosterone concentrations are protective. The magnitude of weight loss is linearly associated with an increase in serum testosterone concentration and with the likelihood of preventing T2D or reverting newly diagnosed disease; treatment with testosterone for 2 years increases the probability of a positive outcome from a lifestyle intervention alone by approximately 40%. Whether the additional favourable benefits of testosterone treatment on muscle mass and strength and bone density and quality in the long-term remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Wittert
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute North Terrace Adelaide, 5000, SA, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria4, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Germany
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are common and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have demonstrated a clear association between T2D, obesity and reduced total testosterone concentration. This relationship becomes less significant or absent with correction for changes in body composition, supporting the notion that changes in body composition are mediating these effects. Moreover, this mediating effect of body composition changes is bi-directional, as evidenced by interventional studies of weight loss and testosterone treatment. On the one hand, in obese men, serum testosterone increases markedly with weight loss. On the other hand, testosterone improves body composition. This relationship is driven by multiple complex interaction between obesity and insulin resistance and the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, at all levels. Data from randomised control trials have demonstrated that intervention with testosterone therapy increases muscle mass and reduces adiposity. Most recently it has been shown that treatment with testosterone prevents progression of impaired glucose tolerance to T2D, or reverses newly diagnosed T2D beyond lifestyle intervention alone. At present there are insufficient safety data to support the use of testosterone for prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Umapathysivam
- Endocrine and Metabolic Health Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Endocrine and Metabolic Health Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia; Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute.
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Watanabe S, Li Y, Kawasaki Y, Ootsuyama Y, Kawai K. Health examination results and work environment factors affecting urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12210. [PMID: 33689200 PMCID: PMC7945954 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress is considered to cause lifestyle-related diseases, including cancer. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is widely analyzed as an oxidative stress marker. We extensively scrutinized the relationships between 8-OHdG levels and lifestyle choices as carcinogenic factors. METHODS In this study, we investigated health examination results and working conditions affecting urinary 8-OHdG levels in 503 male workers. RESULTS The urinary 8-OHdG level was positively associated with high blood sugar and leanness in smokers. In addition, urinary 8-OHdG tended to increase with organic solvent or hydrochloric acid exposure, as well as long working hours. On the other hand, the urinary 8-OHdG level was negatively associated with high plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in non-smokers and anemia. CONCLUSION According to the results, anemia decreased the oxidative stress, regardless of smoking status, while leanness or high blood sugar increased the oxidative stress in smokers, and the presence of plasma cholesterol contributed to the lower oxidative stress in non-smokers. Certain types of occupational exposure may cause oxidative stress. The measurement of urinary 8-OHdG at annual health checks may be a useful biomarker for preventing lifestyle- and work-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintaroo Watanabe
- Department of Environmental OncologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanKitakyushuJapan
- Japan Marine United Corporation Kure ShipyardHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yun‐Shan Li
- Department of Environmental OncologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Yuya Kawasaki
- Department of Environmental OncologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Yuko Ootsuyama
- Department of Environmental OncologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Department of Environmental OncologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanKitakyushuJapan
- Center for Stress‐related Disease Control and PreventionUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanKitakyushuJapan
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Oxidized-LDL inhibits testosterone biosynthesis by affecting mitochondrial function and the p38 MAPK/COX-2 signaling pathway in Leydig cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:626. [PMID: 32796811 PMCID: PMC7429867 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal lipid/lipoprotein metabolism induced by obesity may affect spermatogenesis by inhibiting testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells. It is crucial to determine which components of lipoproteins inhibit testosterone synthesis. Circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), the oxidized form of LDL, has been reported to be an independent risk factor for decreased serum testosterone levels. However, whether oxLDL has a damaging effect on Leydig cell function and the detailed mechanisms have been rarely studied. This study first showed the specific localization of oxLDL and mitochondrial structural damage in testicular Leydig cells of high-fat diet-fed mice in vivo. We also found that oxLDL reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by disrupting electron transport chain and inhibited testosterone synthesis-related proteins and enzymes (StAR, P450scc, and 3β‑HSD), which ultimately led to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells. Further experiments demonstrated that oxLDL promoted lipid uptake and mitochondrial dysfunction by inducing CD36 transcription. Meanwhile, oxLDL facilitated COX2 expression through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in Leydig cells. Blockade of COX-2 attenuated the oxLDL-induced decrease in StAR and P450scc. Our clinical results clarified that the increased serum oxLDL level was associated with a decline in circulating testosterone levels. Our findings amplify the damaging effects of oxLDL and provide the first evidence that oxLDL is a novel metabolic biomarker of male-acquired hypogonadism caused by abnormal lipid metabolism.
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Liu W, Tang Q, Jin J, Zhu T, Dai Y, Shi Y. Sex differences in cardiovascular risk factors for myocardial infarction. Herz 2020; 46:115-122. [PMID: 32377778 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-020-04911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. This study investigated the effects of sex on traditional cardiovascular risk factors for remote myocardial infarction in a community. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed comprising 20,899 participants who underwent physical examination from 2013 to 2015, including systemic blood pressure and 12-lead electrocardiogram monitoring. Fasting blood samples were collected for blood cell counts and biochemistry tests. Remote myocardial infarction was diagnosed on the basis of electrocardiogram findings. RESULTS A total of 71 male and 21 female patients aged over 50 years were identified with remote myocardial infarction. In the female cohort, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), as well as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were negatively correlated with myocardial infarction after adjusting for age. In the male cohort, after adjusting for age, serum levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose were positively correlated with myocardial infarction, but the lipid profile, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), was negatively correlated with remote myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION In the male population, dyslipidemia and abnormal glucose metabolism play a role in myocardial infarction. In the female population, dyslipidemia is independent of glucose metabolism. This study highlights sex differences in the regulation of lipids and glucose metabolism in patients with remote myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, CN-200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunye Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangjun Jin
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, CN-200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Dai
- The Hospital Office, Tongji Hospital Branch, Tongji University, Chifeng Road 50, CN-200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Shi
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, CN-200032, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Li L, Liu K, Fang D. Single Cell Electrochemiluminescence Analysis of Cholesterol in Plasma Membrane during Testosterone Treatment. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Li
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, Jiangsu 211126 China
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Kang Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, Jiangsu 211126 China
| | - Danjun Fang
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, Jiangsu 211126 China
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Tiainen S, Kiviniemi A, Hautala A, Huikuri H, Ukkola O, Tokola K, Tulppo M, Vasankari T. Effects of a Two-Year Home-Based Exercise Training Program on Oxidized LDL and HDL Lipids in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with and without Type-2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100144. [PMID: 30332828 PMCID: PMC6211047 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of two-year home-based exercise training program on oxidized low-density lipoprotein LDL (ox-LDL) and high-density lipoprotein HDL (ox-HDL) lipids in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), both with and without type-2 diabetes (T2D). Analysis of lipoprotein-oxidized lipids was based on the determination of baseline conjugated dienes in lipoprotein lipids. In order to study the effect of an exercise load on ox-LDL and ox-HDL lipids patients in both CAD and CAD + T2D intervention, groups were divided in three based on exercise load (high, medium, and low). During the two-year home-based exercise training program, the study showed that only higher training volume resulted in a decreased concentration of ox-LDL, while the two groups with lower training volumes showed no change. This result indicates that the training load needs to be sufficiently high in order to decrease the concentration of atherogenic ox-LDL lipids in patients with CAD and CAD + T2D. Interestingly, the concentration of ox-HDL did not change in any of the subgroups. This could indicate that the lipid peroxide-transporting capacity of HDL, suggested by results from exercise training studies in healthy adults, may not function similarly in CAD patients with or without T2D. Moreover, the lipid-lowering medication used may have had an influence on these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Tiainen
- Sports Institute of Finland, 19100 Vierumäki, Finland.
- Department of Health and Exercise and Paavo Nurmi Center, University of Turku, 20540 Turku, Finland.
| | - Antti Kiviniemi
- Research of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University, Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Arto Hautala
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of Cardiology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University, Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Olavi Ukkola
- Research of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University, Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Kari Tokola
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Mikko Tulppo
- Research of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University, Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland.
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13
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Hallit S, Zoghbi M, Hallit R, Youssef L, Costantine R, Kheir N, Salameh P. Effect of exclusive cigarette smoking and in combination with waterpipe smoking on lipoproteins. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2017; 7:269-275. [PMID: 29110868 PMCID: PMC7384572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: A significant increase in total cholesterol and LDL-C is well shown in tobacco users, as compared to non-tobacco users. The additive effects of waterpipe and cigarette smoking on LDL levels have not been studied. The study’s objective was to assess the correlation between cigarette smoking and LDL levels in Lebanese cigarette smokers and to check the interaction effect of waterpipe and cigarette smoking on LDL levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2016 and February 2017 in 4 different laboratories, enrolling 308 patients (188 non-smokers, 105 cigarette smokers, 15 previous smokers). Results: Current cigarette smoking (Beta = 25.57; p < 0.0001) was significantly associated with higher LDL levels and higher total cholesterol levels (Beta = 53.29; p < 0.0001) in exclusive cigarette smokers. Among current cigarette smokers who were current waterpipe smokers, a significant increase in LDL level was observed relative to current cigarette smokers who were not waterpipe smokers (Beta = 66.64 vs Beta = 37.37; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Among Lebanese current cigarette smokers, LDL levels increased relative to nonsmokers, consistent with findings in other populations. In addition, among Lebanese current cigarette smokers, current waterpipe smoking might increase adverse lipid profiles associated with adverse coronary effects more than cigarette smoking alone. The direct cause responsible for these observed variations in our study remains unidentified, with the hope that future research will reveal it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheil Hallit
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon; Saint-Joseph University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon; Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Kaslik, Lebanon; Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon; Occupational Health Environment Research Team, U1219 BPH Bordeaux Population Health Research Center Inserm - Université de Bordeaux, France.
| | - Marouan Zoghbi
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon; Saint-Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Kaslik, Lebanon
| | - Lara Youssef
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre-Dame University, Zouk, Lebanon
| | - Rachelle Costantine
- Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Department of Agronomic Sciences, Kaslik, Lebanon
| | - Nelly Kheir
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences 2, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon; Lebanese University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Ahotupa
- MCA Research Laboratory, Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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Trpkovic A, Resanovic I, Stanimirovic J, Radak D, Mousa SA, Cenic-Milosevic D, Jevremovic D, Isenovic ER. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 52:70-85. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.992063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Rossi C, Santini E, Chiarugi M, Salvati A, Comassi M, Vitolo E, Madec S, Solini A. The complex P2X7 receptor/inflammasome in perivascular fat tissue of heavy smokers. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:295-302. [PMID: 24372548 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking is a recognized cardiovascular risk factor. Perivascular visceral adipose tissue (PVAT) is a source of inflammatory molecules, thus contributing to atherosclerosis progression. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7 R)-inflammasome complex, crucial in determining IL-1β and IL-18 release, participates in this scenario. We evaluated whether smoking might affect the PVAT inflammatory phenotype and explored the putative role of the axis P2X7 R-inflammasome in this picture. SUBJECTS AND METHODS TNFα, IL-6, RBP4, MCP-1, as well as P2X7 R and inflammasome components NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β and IL-18 expression was determined in adipocytes isolated by PVAT of healthy smokers (Smok) and nonsmokers (No-Smok) subjects. Plasma and culture medium levels of these cytokines were also determined. RESULTS Perivascular adipose tissue of Smok had a higher expression of P2X7 R and inflammasome components; via P2X7 R activation, it released more IL-1β and IL-18, whose serum levels were also higher in Smok than in No-Smok. Linear correlations of NLRP3 with P2X7 R and IL-18 expression and release emerged. Smok also had a higher PVAT expression of the chemotactic factor MCP-1. However, no difference was observed in the PVAT expression of genes more strictly related to insulin resistance, like TNFα, RBP4, IL-6; this was coupled with similar plasma levels of TNFα and RBP4 in the two groups. CONCLUSION Smoking contributes to the pro-inflammatory status of the PVAT by enhancing expression and activity of the P2X7 R-inflammasome complex; the effect on adipocytokines more related to insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities appears trivial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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17
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Kosola J, Vaara JP, Ahotupa M, Kyröläinen H, Santtila M, Oksala N, Atalay M, Vasankari T. Elevated concentration of oxidized LDL together with poor cardiorespiratory and abdominal muscle fitness predicts metabolic syndrome in young men. Metabolism 2013; 62:992-9. [PMID: 23490585 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), systemic inflammation, and poor cardiorespiratory fitness. We examined affiliations of these factors and the effect of muscular fitness on MetS in young healthy men. METHODS Physical fitness, ox-LDL, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum lipids were measured in a nationally representative sample of Finnish young men with and without MetS. Participants (mean age 25.1years) performed tests of maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) and muscle fitness, and were divided into MetS (n=54, IDF 2007 criteria) and non-MetS (n=790). Age, smoking and leisure-time physical activity were used as covariates (ANCOVA). RESULTS The MetS group had lower results in VO₂max and all of the muscular fitness tests (excluding grip strength) (P<0.0001, in all). Ox-LDL, ox-LDL/HDL-cholesterol, ox-LDL/LDL-cholesterol, TNFα and IL-6 were all higher in the MetS group than in the non-MetS group (P<0.01, in all). In stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis (adjusted to MetS criteria), higher ox-LDL (OR 1.118, 95% CI 1.078-1.160), lower VO₂max (OR 0.938, 95% CI 0.901-0.977) and lower sit-ups (OR 0.898, 95% CI 0.844-0.956) predicted MetS (p<0.05, in all). CONCLUSIONS Young men with MetS possess significantly poorer cardiorespiratory and muscle fitness, together with elevated systemic levels of ox-LDL, TNFα and IL-6 compared to non-MetS young men. Of these variables, ox-LDL, VO₂max and sit-ups predicted MetS. Based on these findings, poor physical fitness and elevated concentration of ox-LDL are significant predisposing factors in the development of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Kosola
- Department of Health and Exercise and Paavo Nurmi Center, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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18
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Steffen Y, Vuillaume G, Stolle K, Roewer K, Lietz M, Schueller J, Lebrun S, Wallerath T. Cigarette smoke and LDL cooperate in reducing nitric oxide bioavailability in endothelial cells via effects on both eNOS and NADPH oxidase. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27:176-84. [PMID: 22766265 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous free radical nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in many biological processes, including the regulation of both vascular tone and inflammatory response; however, its role in the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on atherosclerosis remains unclear. Our aim was to study the mechanisms of NO regulation in endothelial cells in response to cigarette smoke exposure in vitro. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), we have demonstrated that combining non-toxic concentrations of cigarette smoke bubbled through PBS (smoke-bubbled PBS [sbPBS]) with native LDL (nLDL) significantly reduces the amount of bioavailable NO. The effect is comparable to that seen with oxidized LDL (oxLDL), but has not been seen with sbPBS or nLDL alone. Mechanistic investigations showed that the combination of sbPBS+nLDL did not reduce the amount of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), but did inhibit its enzymatic activity. Concomitantly, both sbPBS+nLDL and oxLDL significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the form of superoxide anions ((·)O(2)(-)) and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) in HUVEC. Selective inhibition of NADPH oxidase prevented this response. Incubation of sbPBS+nLDL revealed the formation of 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) and 7-hydroxycholesterol, which are indicators for oxidative modification of LDL. This could explain the reported increase in circulatory levels of oxLDL in smokers. Our results suggest that reduction of functional NO in response to a combination of sbPBS+nLDL is secondary to both reduction of eNOS activity and stimulation of NADPH oxidase activity. Because sbPBS alone showed no effect on eNOS activity or ROS formation, nLDL should be included in cigarette-smoke-related mechanistic in vitro experiments on endothelial cells to be more reflective of the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Steffen
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Cologne, Germany.
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19
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Kotani K, Satoh-Asahara N, Kato Y, Araki R, Himeno A, Yamakage H, Koyama K, Tanabe M, Oishi M, Okajima T, Shimatsu A. Serum Amyloid a Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels and Smoking Status in Obese Japanese Patients. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:1917-1922. [DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A low-density lipoprotein (SAA-LDL) is formed by an oxidative interaction and is considered to be a new marker related to oxidative modification of LDL. As the effect of smoking on oxidized LDL is of concern, this study investigated the association between SAA-LDL and smoking status. A total of 578 Japanese obese outpatients (mean ± SD age 50.5 ± 14.3 years) were studied. Smoking status was examined via a self-reported questionnaire. Cardiometabolic variables, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), were analysed in addition to SAA-LDL. There was an increasing trend in SAA-LDL levels from non- to ex- to current smokers, and significantly higher SAA-LDL levels were observed in current smokers versus non-smokers (median SAA-LDL level 36 μg/ml versus 28 μg/ml, respectively). This significant difference was reduced after adjusting for multiple confounders, including lipid levels. Smoking may be associated with increased levels of SAA-LDL in an obese Japanese population, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kotani
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - N Satoh-Asahara
- Division of Metabolic Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Kato
- Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Centre, Nagoya, Japan
| | - R Araki
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Mie Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - A Himeno
- Division of Metabolic Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Yamakage
- Division of Metabolic Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Koyama
- Diabetes Centre, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Tanabe
- Diabetes Centre, National Hospital Organization Kokura Hospital, Kitakyu-syu, Japan
| | | | - T Okajima
- Diabetes Centre, National Hospital Organization Kokura Hospital, Kitakyu-syu, Japan
| | - A Shimatsu
- Division of Metabolic Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan
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Uchida K, Suehiro A, Nakanishi M, Sawamura T, Wakabayashi I. Associations of atherosclerotic risk factors with oxidized low-density lipoprotein evaluated by LOX-1 ligand activity in healthy men. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1643-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Kosola J, Ahotupa M, Kyröläinen H, Santtila M, Vasankari T. Both poor cardiorespiratory and weak muscle fitness are related to a high concentration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein lipids. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 22:746-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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