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Kushwaha A, Basera DS, Kumari S, Sutar RF, Singh V, Das S, Agrawal A. Assessment of memory deficits in psychiatric disorders: A systematic literature review. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2024; 15:182-193. [PMID: 38746499 PMCID: PMC11090569 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_456_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory deficits are observed across psychiatric disorders ranging from the prodrome of psychosis to common mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, and dissociative disorders. Memory deficits among patients recovering from psychiatric disorders could be directly related to the primary illness or secondary to the adverse effect of a treatment such as Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT). The trouble in the meaningful integration of working-memory and episodic memory is the most commonly affected domain that requires routine assessments. An update on the recent trends of methods of assessment of memory deficits is the first step towards understanding and correcting these deficits to target optimum recovery. A systematic literature search was conducted from October 2018 to October 2022 to review the recent methods of assessment of memory deficits in psychiatric disorders. The definition of 'Memory deficit' was operationalized as 'selective processes of memory, commonly required for activities of daily living, and affected among psychiatric disorders resulting in subjective distress and dysfunction'. We included 110 studies, most of them being conducted in western countries on patients with schizophrenia. Other disorders included dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery, California Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Test Part A and B, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Wechsler Memory Scale, Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale-IV were the most common neuropsychological assessments used. Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were the most common bedside assessment tools used while Squire Subjective Memory Questionnaire was commonly used to measure ECT-related memory deficits. The review highlights the recent developments in the field of assessment of memory deficits in psychiatric disorders. Findings recommend and emphasize routine assessment of memory deficits among psychiatric disorders in developing countries especially severe mental illnesses. It remains interesting to see the role of standardized assessments in diagnostic systems given more than a decade of research on memory deficits in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kushwaha
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Singh Basera
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sangita Kumari
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Roshan Fakirchand Sutar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vijender Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Saikat Das
- Department of Radiotherapy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Ahmad I, Sandberg M, Brus O, Ekman CJ, Hammar Å, Landén M, Lundberg J, Nordanskog P, von Knorring L, Nordenskjöld A. Validity of diagnoses, treatment dates, and rating scales in the Swedish national quality register for electroconvulsive therapy. Nord J Psychiatry 2022; 76:96-103. [PMID: 34346852 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2021.1939416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Swedish national quality register for electroconvulsive therapy (Q-ECT) contains data on patients receiving treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Sweden. AIM This study determined the validity of diagnoses, treatment dates, and rating scales in the Q-ECT by investigating the degree of accordance between data from the Q-ECT and patient records. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2016 to December 2017, 200 treatment series were randomly selected from the Q-ECT. The corresponding patient records were requested from the treating hospitals. Data on the indicative diagnosis, dates for the first and the last ECT session, and rating scales were compared between the Q-ECT and patient records using (i) a strict and (ii) a liberal method of assessment. Using the liberal method, each variable was assessed as accordant if it belonged to the same diagnosis group, or if the dates differed by less than 1 week, or ratings differed by only 1 point on the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI- S), or no more than 3 points on the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale between the Q-ECT and the patient record. RESULTS A total of 179 patient records were received. The strict method of assessment showed an accordance of 89% or higher for all studied variables. The liberal method showed an accordance of 95% or higher. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that data on the studied variables in the Q-ECT have high validity. However, limited use of some rating scales makes the results uncertain. Measures can be taken to further improve the data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Ahmad
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Ole Brus
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Ekman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Hammar
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Nordanskog
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars von Knorring
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Axel Nordenskjöld
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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