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Pérez-Eizaguirre M, Vergara-Moragues E. Music Therapy Interventions in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review. J Palliat Care 2020; 36:194-205. [PMID: 32928042 DOI: 10.1177/0825859720957803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palliative care is an interdisciplinary medical approach for people with illnesses that are unresponsive to curative treatment. Music therapy has been gaining ground in this field since the 1970s, with a not-always-standardized range of interventions and musical techniques. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze interventions with music therapy and new developments in this area in the field of palliative care. METHODS The primary source of data for this review was the online database Web of Science (WOS). We also used other databases such as Medline and Scopus. A systematic search was performed of the past 6 years following the PRISMA criteria. RESULTS From a selection of 310 documents, we reviewed 54 completed articles and included 19 studies in the review. The percentage of agreement in the selection of articles was 87.5% and the Cohen Kappa index of inter-rater reliability was 0.727. In 5 of the articles, the musical interventions were not specified. However, in the remaining 14 they were, including new developments such as use of the monochord and the body tambura, and adaptation of the RBL (Rhythm, Breath & Lullaby) method. CONCLUSIONS There has been notable improvement in the specification of musical interventions during music therapy sessions in palliative care. However, articles in this field need to describe how these techniques are carried out and any new developments. All this without forgetting that the patient's musical preferences are a fundamental aspect when performing music therapy sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Pérez-Eizaguirre
- Faculty of Humanities 247680Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Spain.,Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. 152654Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)
| | - Esperanza Vergara-Moragues
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, 152654Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Spain
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Warth M, Kessler J, Koehler F, Aguilar-Raab C, Bardenheuer HJ, Ditzen B. Brief psychosocial interventions improve quality of life of patients receiving palliative care: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Palliat Med 2019; 33:332-345. [PMID: 30648926 DOI: 10.1177/0269216318818011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Patients with a terminal disease report a high need for psychosocial and spiritual support. Previous literature reviews on psychosocial interventions in palliative care were restricted to certain subtypes of techniques, included a wide range of patients, conditions, and settings, or required a number of sessions unrealistic to be achieved in patients nearing the end of their lives. Aim: The aim of this study was to review and synthesize the evidence on brief psychosocial interventions (i.e. four sessions or less and less than 21 days) for patients receiving palliative treatment. Design: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with standard guidelines and a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42018082713). Data sources: Electronic databases, journals, and references were searched for controlled clinical trials. We used the Cochrane criteria to assess the risk of bias within studies. Results: In total, 15 studies met the eligibility criteria and reported the effects of 17 interventions and a total of 1248 patients. The most frequently used techniques were life review techniques and music therapy. After exclusion of outliers, psychosocial interventions showed to be superior with regard to the improvement of quality of life (effect size = 0.36, confidence interval = 0.08 to 0.64), and the reduction of emotional (effect size = −0.51, confidence interval = −0.77 to −0.26) and existential distress (effect size = −0.40, confidence interval = −0.71 to −0.07) compared to the control groups. Conclusion: Brief psychosocial interventions can improve clinically relevant health outcomes and should therefore be made available for patients receiving palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Warth
- 1 Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kessler
- 2 Center of Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Koehler
- 1 Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corina Aguilar-Raab
- 1 Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert J Bardenheuer
- 2 Center of Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- 1 Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Porter S, McConnell T, Graham-Wisener L, Regan J, McKeown M, Kirkwood J, Clarke M, Gardner E, Dorman S, McGrillen K, Reid J. A randomised controlled pilot and feasibility study of music therapy for improving the quality of life of hospice inpatients. BMC Palliat Care 2018; 17:125. [PMID: 30482192 PMCID: PMC6260709 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-018-0378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence about the effectiveness of music therapy for improving the quality of life of palliative care patients is positive but weak in terms of risk of bias. METHODS This study aimed to determine the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy for improving the quality of life of hospice inpatients, as measured by the McGill Quality of Life questionnaire. Objectives included recruitment of 52 participants over 12 months and provision of data to support the calculation of the required sample size for a definitive randomised trial, taking into account the retention rates of recruited participants; and evaluation of the viability of the intervention and the acceptability of the assessment tool. The design was a single-centre, researcher-blinded randomised pilot and feasibility study involving two parallel groups. Participants were recruited from one inpatient hospice unit in Northern Ireland. Eligibility criteria were an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of two or lower and an Abbreviated Mental Test score of seven or more. Consenting patients were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group using a 1:1 allocation ratio. The intervention group received up to six individual music therapy sessions over 3 weeks in addition to usual care. The control group received usual care only. RESULTS Fifty one participants were recruited over 12 months. Twenty five were allocated to the intervention group and 26 to the control group. Seventy one percent of participants were lost to follow up by week 3, the proposed primary endpoint. The primary endpoint was moved from week 3, when 71% were lost to follow up to week 1, when 33% were lost. The McGill Quality of Life questionnaire was generally acceptable to participants. In order to detect a small to moderate effect size of 0.3, a fully powered study would require the recruitment of 698 participants. CONCLUSIONS A Phase III randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy in improving the quality of life of hospice inpatients is feasible. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02791048 . Registered 6 June 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Porter
- Department of Social Sciences and Social Work, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England
| | - Tracey McConnell
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Joan Regan
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Miriam McKeown
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Jenny Kirkwood
- Every Day Harmony Music Therapy, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Mike Clarke
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Evie Gardner
- Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Kerry McGrillen
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Joanne Reid
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Choi S, Park SG, Lee HH. The analgesic effect of music on cold pressor pain responses: The influence of anxiety and attitude toward pain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201897. [PMID: 30080889 PMCID: PMC6078312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The analgesic effect of music has been recognized for pain relief, but individual differences and adjuvant methods are poorly understood. This study employed a cold-pressor task (CPT) to observe the effects of music (without considering personal preferences) on pain experience and how this is affected by individuals' general (and pain-specific) anxiety symptomology. METHODS Fifty participants were each presented with three conditions (randomized into different orders): music-listening, news-listening, and no sound (control). Pain responses, including pain tolerance time (PT), pain intensity (PI), and pain unpleasantness (PU), were assessed using CPT and compared with a 3x3 crossover design. Participants also completed the anxiety sensitivity index (ASI-16) and pain anxiety symptom scale (PASS-20). RESULTS CPT pain responses during the music intervention were significantly different from responses during the news intervention and control conditions, respectively. Among participants with normal anxiety levels, pain responses during the music condition differed significantly from the news and control groups; this was not the case for the anxiety risk group. Pain responses during the music condition for those with normal levels of pain-specific anxiety differed significantly from the control, but this was not the case for the risk group. CONCLUSIONS Music appears to influence diminished pain responses relative to the absence of an intervention. However, this was not the case when individuals listened to news stories. These effects were more robust for individuals experiencing normal levels of general and pain-specific anxiety. Thus, music (even outside one's own preferences) was an effective adjuvant method for managing pain, especially among those without significant anxiety symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvin Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Da Vinci College of General Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Gue Park
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Hyung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Traditional Music, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
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Warth M, Kessler J, van Kampen J, Ditzen B, Bardenheuer HJ. 'Song of Life': music therapy in terminally ill patients with cancer. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2018; 8:167-170. [PMID: 29500238 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2017-001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Music therapy (MT) holds a promising potential to meet emotional and existential needs in palliative care patients. The aim of the present pilot study was to assess the feasibility, acceptance and potential effectiveness of a novel MT intervention to improve life closure and spiritual well-being of terminally ill patients with cancer receiving palliative care. METHODS The 'Song of Life' (SOL) intervention was provided on two consecutive sessions containing a biographical interview and a live performance of a song with high biographical relevance to the patient in a lullaby style. Pre-to-post intervention assessments comprised brief self-report measures on life closure, well-being, stress, worry and pain. RESULTS 13 out of 15 patients were able to complete the protocol as intended. The chosen songs were associated with a close person, an important place or event or with a religious belief. The results showed medium-sized improvements with regard to life closure, well-being, relaxation, worry and pain. CONCLUSION 'SOL' proved to be a feasible and highly accepted intervention for patients approaching the end of their lives. Further consideration with regard to the procedures and outcomes is necessary before implementation of a randomised trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Warth
- Center of Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kessler
- Center of Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Josien van Kampen
- Faculty of Therapeutic Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert J Bardenheuer
- Center of Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Hertrampf RS, Wärja M. The effect of creative arts therapy and arts medicine on psychological outcomes in women with breast or gynecological cancer: A systematic review of arts-based interventions. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Warth M, Kessler J, Hillecke TK, Bardenheuer HJ. Trajectories of Terminally Ill Patients' Cardiovascular Response to Receptive Music Therapy in Palliative Care. J Pain Symptom Manage 2016; 52:196-204. [PMID: 27090850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Relaxation interventions are frequently used to promote symptom relief in palliative care settings, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. OBJECTIVES The present analysis aimed at examining the psychophysiological pathways of terminally ill patients' cardiovascular response to a live music therapy vs. prerecorded mindfulness exercise. METHODS Eighty-four patients of a palliative care unit were randomly assigned to either of the two interventions. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze trajectories of physiological change. Vagally mediated heart rate variability (VM-HRV) and blood volume pulse amplitude (BVP-A) served as indices of autonomic nervous system response. Participants' gender, age, baseline scores, self-rated pain, and assignment to treatment were entered to the models as predictors. RESULTS Both VM-HRV and BVP-A showed significant linear and quadratic trends over time, as well as substantial heterogeneity among individuals' trajectories. Baseline scores, pain, and treatment significantly accounted for random variation in VM-HRV intercepts. BVP-A levels were significantly higher in women than in men. Moreover, assignment to treatment significantly accounted for differences in the linear slopes of peripheral blood flow. CONCLUSION Higher levels of VM-HRV in the music therapy group highlight the importance of a therapeutic relationship for the effectiveness of relaxation interventions in end-of-life care settings. Music therapy caused significantly stronger reductions of vascular sympathetic tone and, therefore, may be indicated in the treatment of pain and stress-related symptoms in palliative care. Initial self-ratings of pain moderated patients' physiological response and need to be taken into account in clinical practice and future theory building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Warth
- Center of Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; School of Therapeutic Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jens Kessler
- Center of Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hillecke
- School of Therapeutic Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert J Bardenheuer
- Center of Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Warth M, Kessler J, Kotz S, Hillecke TK, Bardenheuer HJ. Effects of vibroacoustic stimulation in music therapy for palliative care patients: a feasibility study. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:436. [PMID: 26669437 PMCID: PMC4681146 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study aimed at examining whether methodological strategies from a previously implemented study design could be transferred to the evaluation of the psychological and physiological effects of a music therapy intervention working with vibroacoustic stimulation in palliative care. Method Nine participants suffering from advanced cancer took part in single-sessions of music therapy, lasting for 30 min. The live music therapy intervention utilized singing chair sounds and vocal improvisation. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess self-ratings of pain, relaxation, and well-being before and after each session. During the intervention, we continuously recorded heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of autonomic functioning. Data collection was complemented by a semi-structured interview to explore subjective experiences in more detail. Feasibility was defined as the ability to complete 80 % of the sessions in accordance with the study protocol. Results In 5 out of 9 sessions (55 %) it was possible to deliver the intervention and obtain all data as intended. VAS assessment was feasible, although graphical and statistical examination revealed only marginal mean changes between pre and post. HRV recordings were subject to artifacts. While HRV parameters differed between individuals, mean changes over time remained relatively constant. Interview data confirmed that the individual perception was very heterogeneous, ranging from “calming” to “overwhelming”. Conclusion The criterion of feasibility was not met in this study. Physiological data showed high attrition rates, most likely due to movement artifacts and reduced peripheral blood flow in some participants’ extremities. Examination of individual-level trajectories revealed that vibroacoustic stimulation may have an impact on the autonomic response. However, the direction and mechanisms of effects needs to be further explored in future studies. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register – DRKS00006137 (July 4th, 2014).
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Warth M, Kessler J, Koenig J, Wormit AF, Hillecke TK, Bardenheuer HJ. Music therapy to promote psychological and physiological relaxation in palliative care patients: protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Palliat Care 2014; 13:60. [PMID: 25587239 PMCID: PMC4292835 DOI: 10.1186/1472-684x-13-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Music therapy is one of the most frequently used complementary therapies in different palliative care settings. Despite its long tradition and high acceptance by other health-care professionals, evidence on the effectiveness of music therapy interventions for terminally ill patients is rare. Recent reviews and health-care reports consistently point out the need of music therapists to provide an evidence-based rationale for their clinical treatments in this field. Therefore, the present study evaluates the psychological and physiological response of palliative care patients to a standardized music therapy relaxation intervention in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS/DESIGN A sample of 84 participants from a palliative care unit in Heidelberg is randomized to either two sessions of music therapy or two sessions of a verbal relaxation exercise, each lasting 30 minutes. The music therapy sessions consist of live played monochord music and a vocal improvisation, the control group uses a prerecorded excerpt from the mindfulness-based stress reduction program containing no musical elements. Outcome measures include self-report data on subjective relaxation, well-being, pain intensity, and quality of life, as well as continuous recording of heart rate variability and blood volume pulse as indicators of autonomous nervous system functioning. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this study is the first clinical trial in Europe and one of very few randomized controlled trials worldwide to systematically examine the effects of music therapy in palliative care. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register - DRKS00006137.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Warth
- />School of Therapeutic Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, Maria-Probst-Strasse 3, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Centre of Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 131, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kessler
- />Centre of Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 131, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- />Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 175 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Alexander F Wormit
- />School of Therapeutic Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, Maria-Probst-Strasse 3, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hillecke
- />School of Therapeutic Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, Maria-Probst-Strasse 3, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert J Bardenheuer
- />Centre of Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 131, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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