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Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are being extensively studied for their potential roles in the development of cancer therapy regimens. In addition to their direct lytic effects, OVs can initiate and drive systemic antitumor immunity indirectly via release of tumor antigen, as well as by encoding and delivering immunostimulatory molecules. This combination makes them an effective platform for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies beyond their primary lytic function. Engineering the viruses to also express tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) allows them to simultaneously serve as therapeutic vaccines, targeting and amplifying an immune response to TAAs. Our group and others have shown that vaccinating intratumorally with a poxvirus that encodes TAAs, in addition to immune stimulatory molecules, can modulate the tumor microenvironment, overcome immune inhibitory pathways, and drive both local and systemic tumor specific immune responses.
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Zhang YN, Duan XG, Zhang WH, Wu AL, Yang HH, Wu DM, Wei YQ, Chen XC. Antitumor activity of pluripotent cell-engineered vaccines and their potential to treat lung cancer in relation to different levels of irradiation. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1425-36. [PMID: 27042111 PMCID: PMC4795574 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s97587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are critical for tumor initiation/maintenance and recurrence or metastasis, so they may serve as a potential therapeutic target. However, CSC-established multitherapy resistance and immune tolerance render tumors resistant to current tumor-targeted strategies. To address this, renewable multiepitope-integrated spheroids based on placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) were X-ray-modified, at four different irradiation levels, including 80, 160, 240, and 320 Gy, as pluripotent biologics, to inoculate hosts bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (LL2) and compared with X-ray-modified common LL2 cells as control. We show that the vaccines at the 160/240 Gy irradiation levels could rapidly trigger tumor cells into the apoptosis loop and evidently prolong the tumor-bearing host's survival cycle, in contrast to vaccines irradiated at other levels (P<0.05), with tumor-sustaining stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 pathway being selectively blockaded. Meanwhile, almost no or minimal toxicity was detected in the vaccinated hosts. Importantly, 160/240 Gy-irradiated vaccines could provoke significantly higher killing of CSCs and non-CSCs, which may provide an access to developing a novel biotherapy against lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Gang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Ling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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Samaha H, El Naggar S, Ahmed N. Armed hunter killers: discerning the role of adoptive T-cell transfer for glioblastoma. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:481-5. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Samaha
- Basic Research Department Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE 57357), 1 Seket el Emam, Sayeda Zeinab, Cairo, Egypt, 11441
| | - Shahenda El Naggar
- Basic Research Department Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE 57357), 1 Seket el Emam, Sayeda Zeinab, Cairo, Egypt, 11441
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Center for Cell & Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer & Hematology Centers, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Nikitczuk KP, Schloss RS, Yarmush ML, Lattime EC. PLGA-polymer encapsulating tumor antigen and CpG DNA administered into the tumor microenvironment elicits a systemic antigen-specific IFN-γ response and enhances survival. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4:280-290. [PMID: 23741626 DOI: 10.4236/jct.2013.41035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Critical to the generation of an effective therapeutic antitumor immune response is the elicitation of effective antigen presentation coupled with overcoming tumor-immune escape mechanisms. Towards this end, we aimed to understand the therapeutic effectiveness of a polymer based vaccine approach at enhancing the anti-tumor responses in a tumor-bearing mouse model. While we and others have previously demonstrated the effectiveness of PLGA based systems in delivering antigen etc., studies scarcely focus on understanding the immunological mechanisms of polymer based therapies in tumor bearing treatment models. Considering tumors modulate the immune system and consequently the efficacy of therapies, understanding treatment mechanisms in the presence of tumor will help lead to more efficacious treatment options. We demonstrate here that a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based delivery system encapsulating tumor antigen (OVA) and the TLR9 agonist CpG motif DNA administered into the tumor microenvironment initiates an effective type 1 mediated (IFN-γ producing) anti-tumor response in a syngeneic murine model of T cell lymphoma (E.G7-OVA). Although E.G7-OVA tumors spontaneously generate antigen specific CTLs in draining lymph nodes (LN), tumors progress rapidly. Modulation of the tumor microenvironment via local PLGA based therapy led to the generation of a systemic antigen specific Th1 response, absent in the non-polymer delivery method, subsequently associated with reduced tumor growth and prolongation of survival. These studies provide further insight into the use of a PLGA-based therapeutic approach at modulating the tumor microenvironment and highlight the need for analyzing the treatment effects in a tumor bearing model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Nikitczuk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
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Hamdy S, Haddadi A, Hung RW, Lavasanifar A. Targeting dendritic cells with nano-particulate PLGA cancer vaccine formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:943-55. [PMID: 21679733 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Development of safe and effective cancer vaccine formulation is a primary focus in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The recognition of the crucial role of dendritic cells (DCs) in initiating anti-tumor immunity has led to the development of several strategies that target vaccine antigens to DCs as an attempt for developing potent, specific and lasting anti-tumor T cell responses. The main objective of this review is to provide an overview on the application of poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) as cancer vaccine delivery system and highlight their potential in the development of future therapeutic cancer vaccines. PLGA-NPs containing antigens along with immunostimulatory molecules (adjuvants) can not only target antigen actively to DCs, but also provide immune activation and rescue impaired DCs from tumor-induced immuosupression.
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Yu WY, Chuang TF, Guichard C, El-Garch H, Tierny D, Laio AT, Lin CS, Chiou KH, Tsai CL, Liu CH, Li WC, Fischer L, Chu RM. Chicken HSP70 DNA vaccine inhibits tumor growth in a canine cancer model. Vaccine 2011; 29:3489-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Goldfarb Y, Levi B, Sorski L, Frenkel D, Ben-Eliyahu S. CpG-C immunotherapeutic efficacy is jeopardized by ongoing exposure to stress: potential implications for clinical use. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:67-76. [PMID: 20656015 PMCID: PMC2991469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bi-directional influences between stress hormones and immune responses have been repeatedly documented, however, in the clinical setting they are rarely considered when immunotherapeutic approaches are used or studied in patients. As some immunotherapeutic treatments have shown great potential in animal models but have had limited success in patients, we hypothesize that ongoing psychological and physiological stress responses in patients, which do not characterize the setting of animal studies, contribute to this discrepancy. In the current study we examined the interaction between ongoing water stress and CpG-C immunotherapy to determine whether stress that precedes immunotherapy can modulate the efficacy of CpG-C immunostimulation. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to water stress or served as controls. Two hours following the commencement of the stress protocol animals were injected with CpG-C, non-CpG, or PBS, and sacrificed 1, 4 or 12h thereafter. We found that in CpG-C-treated animals stress eliminated the elevation of plasma IL-12, and synergistically elevated corticosterone levels. Furthermore, stress markedly reduced the total number of myeloid (33D1(+)), plasmacytoid (mPDCA-1(+)) and plasmacytoid-derived (33D1(+)mPDCA-1(+)) dendritic cells in CpG-C-treated animals, as well as the numbers of these cell sub-types expressing CD11b, CD80 and CD69. These changes were more dramatic in the blood than in the spleen. Overall, these findings indicate that under no-stress conditions CpG-C induces a robust immune response, which is significantly diminished when immunostimulation is attempted during ongoing stress. If these findings hold in humans, potential prophylactic treatments should be found to limit the deleterious effects of ongoing stress on the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Goldfarb
- Neuroimmunology Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ben Levi
- Neuroimmunology Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Liat Sorski
- Neuroimmunology Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Frenkel
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shamgar Ben-Eliyahu
- Neuroimmunology Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Molavi O, Ma Z, Hamdy S, Lavasanifar A, Samuel J. Immunomodulatory and anticancer effects of intra-tumoral co-delivery of synthetic lipid A adjuvant and STAT3 inhibitor, JSI-124. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 31:214-21. [DOI: 10.1080/08923970802380452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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