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Wen L, Shi L, Kong XL, Li KY, Li H, Jiang DX, Zhang F, Zhou ZG. Gut Microbiota Protected Against pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia via Restoring Treg/Th17 Balance and Metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:856633. [PMID: 35782123 PMCID: PMC9243233 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.856633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and Purpose The theory of “entero-pulmonary axis” proves that pneumonia leads to gut microbiota disturbance and Treg/Th17 immune imbalance. This study is aimed to explore the potential mechanism of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia, in order to provide new insights into the treatment of pneumonia. Methods Pseudomonas aeruginosa and C57/BL6 mice were used to construct the acute pneumonia mouse model, and FMT was treated. Histopathological changes in lung and spleen were observed by HE staining. The expression of CD25, Foxp3 and IL-17 was observed by immunofluorescence. The proportion of Treg and Th17 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum IL-6, LPS, and IFN-γ levels were detected by ELISA. The expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-2, Foxp3, IL-17, IL-10, and TGFβ1 in lung tissue homogenate was detected by qRT-PCR. 16S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics were used to analyze gut microbiota and metabolism. Results Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused the decrease of body weight, food and water intake, lung tissue, and spleen injury in mice with pneumonia. Meanwhile, it caused lung tissue and serum inflammation, and Treg/Th17 cell imbalance in mice with pneumonia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa reduced the diversity and number of gut microbiota in pneumonia mice, resulting in metabolic disorders, superpathway of quinolone and alkylquinolone biosynthesis. It also led to the decrease of 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone biosynthesis, and the enrichment of Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. FMT with or without antibiotic intervention restored gut microbiota abundance and diversity, suppressed inflammation and tissue damage, and promoted an immunological balance of Treg/Th17 cells in mice with pneumonia. In addition, FMT inhibited the aerobactin biosynthesis, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation, superpathway of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and L-arabinose degradation IV function of microbiota, and improved amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. Conclusions FMT restored the Treg/Th17 cells’ balance and improved inflammation and lung injury in mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia by regulating gut microbiota disturbance and metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Shi
- The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang-Long Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Ke-Yu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Di-Xuan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Guo Zhou,
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The Association between Regulatory T Cell Subpopulations and Severe Pneumonia Post Renal Transplantation. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8720438. [PMID: 35437510 PMCID: PMC9013297 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8720438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe pneumonia accounts for the majority of morbidity and mortality in renal allograft recipients due to immunosuppressant maintenance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are involved in tackling infections under immunosuppressive conditions, are rarely uncovered. We aimed to investigate the relationship between various Treg subpopulations and severe pneumonia after kidney transplantation (KTx). KTx recipients with pneumonia were divided into severe pneumonia and mild pneumonia groups. The frequencies and absolute numbers (Ab No.) of total Tregs (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+), six subsets of Tregs (Helios+/-, CD39+/-, and CD45RA+/-), and T cells, B cells, and NK cells were assessed from peripheral blood via flow cytometry using the
or Mann-Whitney test and receiver operating curve analysis. We also determined the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of human leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) DR on monocytes and CD64 on neutrophils. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors of disease progression, and Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to identify relationships between the measured immune indices and patients’ clinical information. Our research indicated that Treg subpopulations were strongly associated with severe pneumonia progression post KTx. Based on the monitoring of Treg subpopulations, better-individualized prevention and therapy might be achieved for patients with severe pneumonia post KTx.
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Zhao Y, Dai X, Ji J, Cheng P. Bronchial lavage under fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the treatment of severe pulmonary infection. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:396-401. [PMID: 32292441 PMCID: PMC7150421 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.3.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of bronchial lavage under fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the treatment of severe pulmonary infection. Methods: One hundred forty eight patients with severe pulmonary infection who were admitted to our hospital from October 2016 to December 2017 were included in this study. According to the random number table method, they were divided into a control group and an observation group with 79 patients each. The control group was given conventional treatment, while the observation group was given bronchoalveolar lavage with fiberoptic bronchoscopy on the basis of the treatment in the control group. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared, the duration of mechanical ventilation, antibiotic use and symptoms improvement of the two groups were recorded, and the respiratory mechanics parameters, serum procalcitonin (PCT) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) level were measured before and after treatment. Results: The duration of mechanical ventilation, antibiotic use, respiratory failure correction, body temperature decline and white blood cell recovery in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total efficacy of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (92.4% vs. 74.7%). The respiratory mechanics parameters of the two groups after treatment were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05) and the increase of the observation group was more obvious than that of the control group (P<0.05). The serum PCT and TGF-β levels of the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the decrease level in the observation group was more obvious (P<0.05). Conclusion: Bronchial lavage under fiberoptic bronchoscopy can improve the clinical efficacy, accelerate the improvement of clinical symptoms and respiratory mechanics parameters, significantly reduce the PCT and TGF-β levels, and promote the rapid recovery of patients in the treatment of severe pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhao
- Yuqin Zhao, Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou People's Hospital, Shandong 256610, China
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Xuemei Dai, Health Management Center, Binzhou People's Hospital, Shandong 256610, China
| | - Jinzhi Ji
- Jinzhi Ji, Health Management Center, Binzhou People's Hospital, Shandong 256610, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Ping Cheng, Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou People's Hospital, Shandong 256610, China
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De Winter FHR, 's Jongers B, Bielen K, Mancuso D, Timbermont L, Lammens C, Van Averbeke V, Boddaert J, Ali O, Kluytmans J, Ruzin A, Malhotra-Kumar S, Jorens PG, Goossens H, Kumar-Singh S. Mechanical Ventilation Impairs IL-17 Cytokine Family Expression in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205072. [PMID: 31614857 PMCID: PMC6829394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is the primary risk factor for the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Besides inducing a pro-inflammatory T-helper (Th)-1 cytokine response, MV also induces an anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokine response, marked by increased IL-4 secretion and reduced bacterial phagocytic capacity of rodent lung macrophages. Since IL-4 is known to downregulate both Th1 and Th17 cytokines, the latter is important in mediating mucosal immunity and combating bacterial and fungal growth, we studied and showed here in a rat model of MV that Th17 cytokines (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22) were significantly upregulated in the lung as a response to different MV strategies currently utilized in clinic. To study whether the increased IL-4 levels are associated with downregulation of the anti-bacterial Th17 cytokines, we subsequently challenged mechanically ventilated rats with an intratracheal inoculation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (VAP model) and showed a dramatic downregulation of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22, compared to animals receiving the same bacterial burden without MV. For the studied Th1 cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β), only IFNγ showed a significant decrease as a consequence of bacterial infection in mechanically ventilated rats. We further studied IL-17A, the most studied IL-17 family member, in intensive care unit (ICU) pneumonia patients and showed that VAP patients had significantly lower levels of IL-17A in the endotracheal aspirate compared to patients entering ICU with pre-existing pneumonia. These translational data, obtained both in animal models and in humans, suggest that a deficient anti-bacterial Th17 response in the lung during MV is associated with VAP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fien H. R. De Winter
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bart 's Jongers
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kenny Bielen
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Domenico Mancuso
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Leen Timbermont
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christine Lammens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Vincent Van Averbeke
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jan Boddaert
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Omar Ali
- Microbial Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Jan Kluytmans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, HP Stratenum 6.131, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexey Ruzin
- Microbial Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Philippe G Jorens
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, LEMP, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Samir Kumar-Singh
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Rodriguez-Nicolas A, Jiménez P, Carmona FD, Martín J, Matas Cobos AM, Ruiz-Cabello F, Redondo-Cerezo E. Association between Genetic Polymorphisms of Inflammatory Response Genes and Acute Pancreatitis. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:585-596. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1576729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rodriguez-Nicolas
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Programa de doctorado en Biomedicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Jiménez
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - F. David Carmona
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Martín
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M. Matas Cobos
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Cabello
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo Redondo-Cerezo
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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Liu Y, Zhao W, Chen W, Shen X, Fu R, Zhao Y, Liu H. Effects of Early Enteral Nutrition on Immune Function and Prognosis of Patients With Sepsis on Mechanical Ventilation. J Intensive Care Med 2018; 35:1053-1061. [PMID: 30384813 DOI: 10.1177/0885066618809893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effects of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on patients with sepsis on mechanical ventilation. METHODS Patients with sepsis on mechanical ventilation in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2013 to March 2016 were treated with enteral nutrition. Patients treated within 48 hours of initiation of mechanical ventilation were assigned to the EEN group, and the rest were assigned to the delayed enteral nutrition (DEN) group. Peripheral blood Th17 cells and Treg cells, endotoxin (ET) level, 28-day mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, lengths of ICU stay and hospital stay, and incidence of ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) were analyzed between the 2 groups. RESULTS The proportion of Th17 cells and ET levels in the EEN group were significantly lower than those in the DEN group, whereas the proportion of Treg cells in the EEN group was remarkably higher than that in the DEN group (P < .05). The duration of mechanical ventilation, lengths of ICU stay and hospital stay, and incidence of ICU-AW were higher in the DEN group than in the EEN group (P < .05), but there was no significant difference in the 28-day mortality between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION Patients with sepsis mainly present with an increased proportion of Th17 cells in the early stage, manifesting as enhanced immune response. Early enteral nutrition can inhibit the excessive immune response, shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation, lengths of ICU stay and hospital stay, and reduce the incidence of ICU-AW, but it has no obvious effect on 28-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxiu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Run Fu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Yao X, Zhao J, Kong Q, Xie X, Wang J, Sun B, Xu L, Mu L, Li H. Exogenous IL-9 Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis Symptoms in Rats. Immunol Invest 2018; 47:712-724. [PMID: 29944018 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1487976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in protective immunity or immunopathology depending on the microenvironment and specific disease settings. Our early study determined that IL-9 and Th9 cells participate in and promote the progression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). The data from this study showed that exogenous recombinant rat IL-9 (rrIL-9) acted as an IL-9 receptor antagonist, reduced the incidence of EAMG in rats, alleviated the severity of the disease, and reduced the anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) IgG antibody levels by altering the Th-subset distribution. These data suggest that administration of rrIL-9 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy against MG or related autoimmune diseases. Abbreviations: 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME); antibodies (Abs); ?-bungarotoxin (?-BTX); acetylcholine receptor (AChR); airway hyper-reactivity (AHR); allophycocyanin-conjugated (APC); antigen presenting cells (APCs); complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA); Cyanine dye 3 (Cy3); dendritic cells (DCs); experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG); flow cytometry (FACS); fetal bovine serum (FBS); fetal calf serum (FCS); Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC); gamma chain (?c); intraperitoneally (i.p.); Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA); interferon (IFN); immunoglobulin (Ig); Interleukin (IL); Janus kinase (JAK); myasthenia gravis (MG); Mononuclear cells (MNC); neuromuscular junctions (NMJ); optical density (OD); ovalbumin (OVA); phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); phycoerythrin (PE); Peridinin chlorophyll protein complex (Percp); Rat AChR ? subunit (R-AChR97-116); Recombinant Rat (rr); room temperature (RT); signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT); T helper cells (Th).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Yao
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases , Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital , Tianjin , China.,b Department of Neurobiology, Heilongjiang Province Key Lab of Neurobiology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- b Department of Neurobiology, Heilongjiang Province Key Lab of Neurobiology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Qingfei Kong
- b Department of Neurobiology, Heilongjiang Province Key Lab of Neurobiology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- b Department of Neurobiology, Heilongjiang Province Key Lab of Neurobiology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China.,c Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- b Department of Neurobiology, Heilongjiang Province Key Lab of Neurobiology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Bo Sun
- b Department of Neurobiology, Heilongjiang Province Key Lab of Neurobiology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Lixia Xu
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases , Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Lili Mu
- b Department of Neurobiology, Heilongjiang Province Key Lab of Neurobiology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Hulun Li
- b Department of Neurobiology, Heilongjiang Province Key Lab of Neurobiology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
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