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Awad AM, Dabous E, Alalem M, Alalem N, Nasr ME, Elawdan KA, Nasr GM, Said W, El Khashab K, Basiouny MS, Guirgis AA, Khalil H. MicroRNA-141-regulated KLK10 and TNFSF-15 gene expression in hepatoblastoma cells as a novel mechanism in liver carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13492. [PMID: 38866875 PMCID: PMC11169620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most pivotal global health problems, leading hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a significant increase in cases worldwide. The role of non-coding-RNA in cancer proliferation and carcinogenesis has attracted much attention in the last decade; however, microRNAs (miRNAs), as non-coding RNA, are considered master mediators in various cancer progressions. Yet the role of miR-141 as a modulator for specific cellular processes in liver cancer cell proliferation is still unclear. This study identified the role of miR-141 and its potential functions in liver carcinogenesis. The level of miR-141 in HepG2 and HuH7 cells was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and compared with its expression in normal hepatocytes. A new miR-141 construct has been performed in a CMV promoter vector tagged with GFP. Using microarray analysis, we identified the potentially regulated genes by miR-141 in transfected HepG2 cells. The protein profile of the kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) and tumor necrosis factor TNFSF-15 was investigated in HepG2 cells transfected with either an inhibitor, antagonist miR-141, or miR-141 overexpression vector using immunoblotting and flow cytometry assay. Finally, ELISA assay has been used to monitor the produced inflammatory cytokines from transfected HepG2 cells. Our findings showed that the expression of miR-141 significantly increased in HepG2 and HuH7 cells compared to the normal hepatocytes. Transfection of HepG2 cells with an inhibitor, antagonist miR-141, showed a significant reduction of HepG2 cell viability, unlike the transfection of miR-141 overexpression vector. The microarray data of HepG2 cells overexpressed miR-141 provided a hundred downregulated genes, including KLK10 and TNFSF-15. Furthermore, the expression profile of KLK10 and TNFSF-15 markedly depleted in HepG2 cells transfected with miR-141 overexpression accompanied by a decreasing level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), indicating the role of miR-141 in HepG2 cell proliferation and programmed cell death. Interestingly, the experimental rats with liver cancer induced by Diethylnitrosamine injection further confirmed the upregulation of miR-141 level, IL-10, and TNF-α and the disturbance in KLK10 and TNFSF-15 gene expression compared with their expression in normal rats. The in-silico online tools, IntaRNA and miRWalk were used to confirm the direct interaction and potential binding sites between miR-141 and identified genes. Thus, the seeding regions of potential targeted sequences was cloned upstream of luciferase reporter gene in pGL3 control vector. Interestingly, the luciferase activities of constructed vectors were significantly decreased in HepG2 cells pre-transfected with miR-141 overexpression vector, while increasing in cells pre-transfected with miR-141 specific inhibitor. In summary, these data suggest the crucial role of miR-141 in liver cancer development via targeting KLK10 and TNFSF-15 and provide miR-141 as an attractive candidate in liver cancer treatment and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Awad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Emad Dabous
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mai Alalem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Nedaa Alalem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Nasr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Elawdan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Nasr
- Molecular Diagnostics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Walid Said
- Microbiology and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Kareem El Khashab
- Medical Laboratory Department, High Technology Institute of Applied Health Science, Badr Academy for Science and Technology, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Basiouny
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel A Guirgis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hany Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt.
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
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Fawzy RM, Abdel-Aziz AA, Bassiouny K, Fayed AM. Phytocompounds-based therapeutic approach: Investigating curcumin and green tea extracts on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100339. [PMID: 38494270 PMCID: PMC10980874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) has transcended lung cancer as the most common cancer in the world. Due to the disease's aggressiveness, rapid growth, and heterogeneity, it is crucial to investigate different therapeutic approaches for treatment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Plant-based therapeutics continue to be utilized as safe/non-toxic complementary or alternative treatments for cancer, even in developed countries, regardless of how cutting-edge conventional therapies are. Despite their low bioavailability, curcumin (CUR) and green tea (GT) represent safer therapeutic options. Due to their potent molecular-modulating properties on various cancer-related molecules and signaling pathways, they are considered gold-standard therapeutic agents and have been incorporated into the development of one or more therapeutic strategies of BC treatment. METHODS We investigated the modulatory role of CUR and GT extracts on significant multi molecular targets in MCF-7 BC cell line to assess their potential as BC multi-targeting agents. We analyzed the phytocompounds in GT leaves using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The mRNA expression levels of Raf-1, Telomerase, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) genes in MCF-7 cells were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the released Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a valuable marker for identifying the programmed necrosis (necroptosis). Additionally, the concentrations of the necroptosis-related proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-8) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In contrast to the GT, the results showed the anticancer and cytotoxic properties of CUR against MCF-7 cells, with a relatively higher level of released LDH. The CUR extract downregulated the oncogenic Raf-1, suppressed the Telomerase and upregulated the TNF-α and IL-8 genes. Results from the ELISA showed a notable increase in IL-8 and TNF-α cytokines levels after CUR treatment, which culminated after 72 h. CONCLUSIONS Among both extracts, only CUR effectively modulated the understudy molecular targets, achieving multi-targeting anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the applied dosage significantly increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, which represent a component of the cytokines-targeting-based therapeutic strategy. However, further investigations are recommended to validate this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa M Fawzy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Amal A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Khalid Bassiouny
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Aysam M Fayed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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3
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Khalil H, Nada AH, Mahrous H, Hassan A, Rijo P, Ibrahim IA, Mohamed DD, AL-Salmi FA, Mohamed DD, Elmaksoud AIA. Amelioration effect of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid on methylation inhibitors in hepatocarcinogenesis -induced by diethylnitrosamine. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1206990. [PMID: 38322013 PMCID: PMC10844948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim suppression of methylation inhibitors (epigenetic genes) in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine using glycyrrhetinic acid. Method In the current work, we investigated the effect of sole GA combined with different agents such as doxorubicin (DOX) or probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamanosus) against hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine to improve efficiency. The genomic DNA was isolated from rats' liver tissues to evaluate either methylation-sensitive or methylation-dependent resection enzymes. The methylation activity of the targeting genes DLC-1, TET-1, NF-kB, and STAT-3 was examined using specific primers and cleaved DNA products. Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to determine the protein expression profiles of DLC-1 and TET-1 in treated rats' liver tissue. Results Our results demonstrated the activity of GA to reduce the methylation activity in TET-1 and DLC-1 by 33.6% and 78%, respectively. As compared with the positive control. Furthermore, the association of GA with DOX avoided the methylation activity by 88% and 91% for TET-1 and DLC-1, respectively, as compared with the positive control. Similarly, the combined use of GA with probiotics suppressed the methylation activity in the TET-1 and DLC-1 genes by 75% and 81% for TET-1 and DLC-1, respectively. Also, GA and its combination with bacteria attenuated the adverse effect in hepatocarcinogenesis rats by altering potential methylomic genes such as NF-kb and STAT3 genes by 76% and 83%, respectively. Conclusion GA has an ameliorative effect against methylation inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by decreasing the methylation activity genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI) University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Alaa H. Nada
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI) University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Hoda Mahrous
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI) University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Amr Hassan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI) University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Patricia Rijo
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ibrahim A. Ibrahim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI) University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Dalia D. Mohamed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI) University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Fawziah A. AL-Salmi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa D. Mohamed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI) University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abd Elmaksoud
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI) University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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Akbar A, Khan S, Chatterjee T, Ghosh M. Unleashing the power of porphyrin photosensitizers: Illuminating breakthroughs in photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 248:112796. [PMID: 37804542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review provides the current trends and recent developments of porphyrin-based photosensitizers. We discuss their evolution from first-generation to third-generation compounds, including cutting-edge nanoparticle-integrated derivatives, and explores their pivotal role in advancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) for enhanced cancer treatment. Integrating porphyrins with nanoparticles represents a promising avenue, offering improved selectivity, reduced toxicity, and heightened biocompatibility. By elucidating recent breakthroughs, innovative methodologies, and emerging applications, this review provides a panoramic snapshot of the dynamic field, addressing challenges and charting prospects. With a focus on harnessing reactive oxygen species (ROS) through light activation, PDT serves as a minimally invasive therapeutic approach. This article offers a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and PDT enthusiasts, highlighting the potential of porphyrin photosensitizers to improve the future of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alibasha Akbar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Syamantak Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Mihir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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Alalem M, Dabous E, Awad AM, Alalem N, Guirgis AA, El-Masry S, Khalil H. Influenza a virus regulates interferon signaling and its associated genes; MxA and STAT3 by cellular miR-141 to ensure viral replication. Virol J 2023; 20:183. [PMID: 37596622 PMCID: PMC10439583 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiviral response against influenza A virus (IAV) infection includes the induction of the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, including activation of the STATs protein family. Subsequently, antiviral myxovirus resistance (MxA) protein and other interferon-stimulated genes control virus replication; however, the molecular interaction of viral-mediated IFN signaling needs more investigation. Host microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding molecules that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression. Here, we sought to investigate the possible involvement of miR-141 in IAV-mediated IFN signaling. Accordingly, the microarray analysis of A549 cells transfected with precursor miR-141 (pre-miR-141) was used to capture the potentially regulated genes in response to miR-141 overexpression independent of IAV infection. The downregulation of targeted genes by miR-141, in addition to viral gene expression, was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and flow cytometric assay. Our findings showed a significant upregulation of miR-141 in infected A549 cells with different strains of IAV. Notably, IAV replication was firmly interrupted in cells transfected with the miR-141 inhibitor. While its replication significantly increased in cells transfected with pre-miR-141 confirming the crucial role of miRNA-141 in supporting virus replication. Interestingly, the microarray data of miR-141 transduced A549 cells showed many downregulated genes, including MxA, STAT3, IFI27, and LAMP3. The expression profile of MxA and STAT3 was significantly depleted in infected cells transfected with the pre-miR-141, while their expression was restored in infected cells transfected with the miR-141 inhibitor. Unlike interleukin 6 (IL-6), the production of IFN-β markedly decreased in infected cells that transfected with pre-miR-141, while it significantly elevated in infected cells transfected with miR-141 inhibitor. These data provide evidence for the crucial role of miR-141 in regulating the antiviral gene expression induced by IFN and IL-6 signaling during IAV infection to ensure virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Alalem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 79, Egypt
| | - Emad Dabous
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 79, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Awad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 79, Egypt
| | - Nedaa Alalem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 79, Egypt
| | - Adel A Guirgis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 79, Egypt
| | - Samir El-Masry
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 79, Egypt
| | - Hany Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 79, Egypt.
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6
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Elawdan KA, Farouk S, Aref S, Shoaib H, El-Razik MA, Abbas NH, Younis M, Alshambky AA, Khalil H. Association of vitamin B12/ferritin deficiency in cancer patients with methylomic changes at promotors of TET methylcytosine dioxygenases. Biomark Med 2022; 16:959-970. [PMID: 36052661 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate potential DNA methylation in methylcytosine dioxygenases and correlation of TET genes with vitamin B12/ferritin levels in cancer patients. Materials & methods: 200 blood samples were obtained from both cancer patients and healthy individuals. Results: The expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b was increased in patients with low vitamin B12 and ferritin levels, while the expression of MTR, TET1 and TET3 significantly decreased. DNA methylation analysis in patients with deficient vitamin B12/ferritin levels showed methylomic changes within the location 318/CG and 385/CG in the promoter region of TET1 and TET3, respectively. Conclusion: Vitamin B12/ferritin deficiency contributes to DNA methylation progress in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Elawdan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Sabah Farouk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Salah Aref
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hamada Shoaib
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Razik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Nasser H Abbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Younis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Alshambky
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt.,Biochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Cairo, 33374856, Egypt
| | - Hany Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
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Rao P, Li C, Wang L, Jiang Y, Yang L, Li H, Yang P, Tao J, Lu D, Sun L. ZNF143 regulates autophagic flux to alleviate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through Raptor. Cell Signal 2022; 99:110444. [PMID: 35988805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The exact role of autophagy in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is still controversial. Excessive or insufficient autophagy may lead to cell death. Therefore, how to regulate autophagic balance during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion is critical to the treatment of myocardial I/R injury. Raptor is an mTOR regulatory related protein and closely related to the induction of autophagy. ZNF143 is widely expressed in various cells and acts as a transcription factor, which is involved in the regulation of autophagy, cell growth and development. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism by which ZNF143 regulated autophagy in myocardial I/R injury and the relationship between ZNF143 and Raptor. In our results, we found that ZNF143 expression was down-regulated in myocardial I/R. Inhibition of ZNF143 expression further enhanced autophagy and restored the deficiency of autophagic flux caused by myocardial I/R, subsequently alleviating myocardial I/R injury. On the other hand, overexpression of ZNF143 up-regulated Raptor expression and reduced autophagic activity, consequently exacerbating myocardial I/R injury. Taken together, our study revealed that ZNF143 might be a key target of the regulation of autophagy and a novel therapeutic target of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Rao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Changyan Li
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Limeiting Wang
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Di Lu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China.
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Zhang X, Zai L, Tao Z, Wu D, Lin M, Wan J. miR-145-5p affects autophagy by targeting CaMKIIδ in atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiol 2022; 360:68-75. [PMID: 35597494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease involving many cells. miR-145-5p mediates the biological phenotypes of human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) and influences the progression of AS, but the potential mechanism needs further study. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from patient plasma and arteries to determine the expression of miR-145-5p. The CaMKIIδ pathway and genes were predicted as the target of miR-145-5p by bioinformatics approaches. The interaction between miR-145-5p and CaMKIIδ was confirmed by RT-qPCR and Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay System. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and protein tracing on HAVSMCs transduced with mCherry-GFP-LC3 lentiviral vectors to determine the mechanism by which miR-145-5p affects the atherosclerotic disease process. RESULTS The expression of miR-145-5p was downregulated in blood and arteries specimens of patients with coronary stenosis. Correspondingly, CaMKIIδ was upregulated and miR-145-5p was downregulated in hypoxic HAVSMCs. CaMKIIδ was predicted and confirmed as a downstream target of miR-145-5p. In addition, CaMKIIδ induced the upregulation of autophagy-related proteins by activating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway. Moreover, we confirmed that miR-145-5p inhibits CaMKIIδ expression by binding to a specific sequence in the CaMKIIδ 3' UTR and affects autophagy. Crucially, CaMKIIδ was promoted by the downregulation of miR-145-5p and then activating autophagy in HAVSMCs through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway to affect the AS progress. CONCLUSIONS miR-145-5p regulates CaMKIIδ, leading to altered autophagy in HAVSMCs. This alteration plays an important role in AS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Wuhan University, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
| | - Ling Zai
- Wuhan Medical Emergency Center, No. 288 Machang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China
| | - Ziqi Tao
- Wuhan University, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
| | - Daiqian Wu
- Wuhan University, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
| | - Mingying Lin
- Hainan General Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 19 Xiuhua Road, Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Jing Wan
- Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China.
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Wu X, Qin K, Iroegbu CD, Xiang K, Peng J, Guo J, Yang J, Fan C. Genetic analysis of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in ferroptosis from coronary artery disease. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2177-2190. [PMID: 35152560 PMCID: PMC8995456 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis plays a key role in the death of cells including cardiomyocytes, and it is related to a variety of cardiac diseases. However, the role of ferroptosis‐related genes (FRGs) in coronary artery disease (CAD) is not well characterized. We downloaded CAD‐related information and FRGs from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database and Ferroptosis Database (FerrDb) respectively. A total of 10 CAD‐related DE‐FRGs were obtained, which were closely linked to autophagy regulation and immune response. Subsequently, CA9, CBS, CEBPG, HSPB1, SLC1A4, STMN1 and TRIB3 among the 10 DE‐FRGs were identified as marker genes by LASSO and SVM‐RFE algorithms, which had tolerable diagnostic capabilities. Subsequent functional enrichment analysis showed that these marker genes may play a corresponding role in CAD by participating in the regulation of immune response, amino acid metabolism, cell cycle and multiple pathways related to the pathogenesis of CAD. Furthermore, a total of 58 drugs targeting 7 marker genes had been obtained. On the contrary, the ceRNA network revealed a complex regulatory relationship based on the marker genes. Also, CIBERSORT analysis showed that the changes in the immune microenvironment of CAD patients may be related to CBS, HSPB1 and CEBPG. We developed a diagnostic potency and provided an insight for exploring the mechanism for CAD. Before clinical application, further research is needed to test its diagnostic value for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wu
- Department of the Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kele Qin
- Department of the Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chukwuemeka Daniel Iroegbu
- Department of the Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of the Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of the Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of the Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
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10
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Oxidative distress in aging and age-related diseases: Spatiotemporal dysregulation of protein oxidation and degradation. Biochimie 2021; 195:114-134. [PMID: 34890732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The concept of oxidative distress had arisen from the assessment of cellular response to high concentrations of reactive species that result from an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants and cause biomolecular damage. The intracellular distribution and flux of reactive species dramatically change in time and space contributing to the remodeling of the redox landscape and sensitivity of protein residues to oxidants. Here, we hypothesize that compromised spatiotemporal control of generation, conversions, and removal of reactive species underlies protein damage and dysfunction of protein degradation machineries. This leads to the accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins resulted in an age-dependent decline in the organismal adaptability to oxidative stress. We highlight recent data obtained with the use of various cell cultures, animal models, and patients on irreversible and non-repairable oxidation of key redox-sensitive residues. Multiple reaction products include peptidyl hydroperoxides, alcohols, carbonyls, and carbamoyl moieties as well as Tyr-Tyr, Trp-Tyr, Trp-Trp, Tyr-Cys, His-Lys, His-Arg, and Tyr-Lys cross-links. These lead to protein fragmentation, misfolding, covalent cross-linking, oligomerization, aggregation, and ultimately, causing impaired protein function and turnover. 20S proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways are two major types of machinery for the degradation and elimination of oxidatively damaged proteins. Spatiotemporal dysregulation of these pathways under oxidative distress conditions is implicated in aging and age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Future investigations in this field allow the discovery of new drugs to target components of dysregulated cell signaling and protein degradation machinery to combat aging and age-related chronic diseases.
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11
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El-Fadl HMA, Hagag NM, El-Shafei RA, Khayri MH, El-Gedawy G, Maksoud AIAE, Mohamed DD, Mohamed DD, El Halfawy I, Khoder AI, Elawdan KA, Elshal MF, Salah A, Khalil H. Effective Targeting of Raf-1 and Its Associated Autophagy by Novel Extracted Peptide for Treating Breast Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682596. [PMID: 34513674 PMCID: PMC8430328 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women worldwide and has harmful influence on their psychological state during therapy. Multikinase inhibitors have become effective drugs for treating a variety of cancer diseases such as breast cancer. A purified short peptide (H-P) was isolated from the natural honey and tested for its potential regulatory role in breast cancer cells compared with the effectiveness of the anticancer drug, Sorafenib (SOR), using MCF-7, EFM-19, and MCF-10A cell lines. Furthermore, we investigated the direct connection between Raf-1 activation and cellular autophagy as potential targets of SOR and H-P extract using RNA interference. Interestingly, the treatment with H-P showed competitive regulation of phosphorylated Raf-1, MEK1/2, and matched autophagy-related LC3B without any detectable toxic effects in the non-tumorigenic epithelial cells. Unlike SOR, the regulation of Raf-1 protein and autophagic machinery by the novel H-P extract showed neglected levels of the released proinflammatory cytokine. This regulation of cytokine secretion by H-P resulted in decreasing the expression level of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) in treated cells. Moreover, the transfection of MCF-7 cells with small interference RNA (siRNA) antagonist Raf-1 expression markedly reduced the expression of LC3B, while it increased the expression of NF-kB1 and NF-kB2, indicating the potential cross-link between Raf-1, autophagy, and NF-kB effector. Collectively, these findings suggest that H-P-mediated Raf-1, MEK1/2, LC3B, and NF-kB provide a novel and efficacious multikinase inhibitor for treating breast cancer without detectable cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatullah M. Abou El-Fadl
- Genome Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M. Hagag
- Genome Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham A. El-Shafei
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Khayri
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gamalat El-Gedawy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menofyia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Doaa D. Mohamed
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Dalia D. Mohamed
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim El Halfawy
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Khoder
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. Elawdan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Elshal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Salah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hany Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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12
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Elcik D, Tuncay A, Sener EF, Taheri S, Tahtasakal R, Mehmetbeyoğlu E, Gunes I, Emirogullari ON. Blood mRNA Expression Profiles of Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Hypoxia Markers on Blood Cardioplegia and Custodiol Cardioplegia Groups. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 36:331-337. [PMID: 33438846 PMCID: PMC8357395 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Blood cardioplegia (BC) and Custodiol cardioplegia (CC) have been used for a long time in open heart surgery and are highly effective solutions. The most controversial issue among these two is whether there is any difference between them regarding myocardial damage after ischemia surgery. In this study, autophagy, apoptosis, and hypoxia markers were investigated and that way we evaluated the differences between BC and CC patients. Methods: A total of 30 patients were included in this study, using two different cardioplegic solutions. Three different whole blood samples of the patients were taken from a central vein (preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and one day after surgery). Total ribonucleic acid was extracted from these samples. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed, and changes in gene expression were determined by the 2-∆∆Ct method of relative quantification. Results: In the CC group, Beclin gene expression level was found to be higher and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.0024). Similarly, cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) 9 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) gene expression level increased and were significantly different in the CC group. In the BC group, Beclin and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 expressions were higher in the samples taken one day after surgery. Caspases 3 and 8 gene expressions were significantly different in the BC group. Conclusion: As a result of the analysis performed between the two cardioplegia groups, it has been shown that CC harms the myocardium more than BC at the level of mRNA expression of related markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Elcik
- Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aydın Tuncay
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Elif Funda Sener
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey.,Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey.,Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Tahtasakal
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey.,Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ecmel Mehmetbeyoğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey.,Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Isın Gunes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Omer Naci Emirogullari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
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13
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Liu A, Jia K, Liang H, Jin Q. Comprehensive analysis of autophagy-related genes and patterns of immune cell infiltration in valvular atrial fibrillation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:132. [PMID: 33706714 PMCID: PMC7948357 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of atrial fibrillation (AF) following valvular heart disease (VHD) remains a common disease and is associated with substantial adverse complications. However, valid molecular diagnostic and therapeutic tools for post-VHD AF have not been fully established. This study was conducted to discover the molecular mechanisms and immune microenvironment underlying AF following VHD. Methods Gene expression profiles of the GSE41177 dataset were assessed to construct a protein–protein interaction network, and then, autophagy-related hub genes were identified. In addition, to determine the functions of immune cell infiltration in valvular AF, we used the CIBERSORT algorithm to estimate the composition of 22 immune cell types in valvular heart disease. Finally, correlation analysis was carried out to identify the relationship between differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) and significant immune cell subpopulations to reveal potential regulatory pathways. Results A total of 153 DEARGs were identified in AF-VHD patients compared with controlled donors. Moreover, we screened the top ten hub nodes with the highest degrees through a network analysis. The ten hub nodes were considered hub genes related to AF genesis and progression. Then, we revealed six significant immune cell subpopulations through the CIBERSORT algorithm. Finally, correlation analysis was performed, and six DEARGs (BECN1, GAPDH, ATG7, MAPK3, BCL2L1, and MYC) and three immune cell subpopulations (T cells CD4 memory resting, T cells follicular helper, and neutrophils) were identified as the most significant potential regulators. Conclusion The DEARGs and immune cells identified in our study may be critical in AF development following VHD and provide potential predictive markers and therapeutic targets for determining a treatment strategy for AF patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-01939-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Shanghai Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kangni Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Shanghai Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huaibin Liang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Shanghai Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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14
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Wang ZY, Zhao T, Zhou J, Gao F. Elevated serum miR-3129-5p contributes to the progression of coronary heart disease via targeting mTOR. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 37:314-323. [PMID: 33336524 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to explore the miRNA changes that occur in the serum of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and healthy controls using a microarray technique, thereby exploring the potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of CHD and the underlying mechanism. Clinical data were reviewed, and venous blood samples were collected from 66 cases of CHD and 58 cases of healthy controls. MicroRNA-wide expression profiling identified 16 miRNAs that were aberrantly decreased by ~2-fold in the serum of patients with CHD compared to that of healthy controls. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of miR-3129-5p was increased the most in patients with CHD compared with that of controls. Moreover, serum miR-3129-5p was found to be highest in the severe stenosis group, followed by the moderate stenosis group and mild stenosis group. ROC analysis showed that serum miR-3129-5p could differentiate patients with CHD from controls. Further study showed that mTOR was a target gene of miR-3129-5p. Western blot assays demonstrated that miR-3129-5p significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of S6 but increased LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 levels. Consistently, GFP-LC3 and TEM assays indicated that miR-3129 increased autophagy puncta in H9C2 cells. More importantly, silencing mTOR significantly decreased the expression of p-S6 but increased LC3II/LC3I and Beclin expression even in H9C2 cells transfected with miR-3129-5p inhibitor, indicating that miR-3129-5p-induced cell autophagy was mediated via mTOR in H9C2 cells. In summary, elevated serum miR-3129-5p contributes to CHD by targeting mTOR signaling and may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Weanpon Industry 521 Hospital, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Weanpon Industry 521 Hospital, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, China
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15
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Advances in Targeting Cancer-Associated Genes by Designed siRNA in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123619. [PMID: 33287240 PMCID: PMC7761674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite great advancements in early detection and therapeutic strategies, the 5-year survival rate for patients with metastatic prostate cancer remains low (i.e., ~30%). Targeting prostate cancer-associated genes has emerged as a promising treatment for this devastating disease. This review summarizes recent findings in silencing genes that are involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Moreover, novel nanotechnology-based platforms for effective delivery of therapeutic RNAs to prostate cancer cells have been discussed. Information provided in this review will benefit both researchers and clinicians to design and develop novel therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from prostate cancer. Abstract Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have provided novel insights into the field of cancer treatment in light of their ability to specifically target and silence cancer-associated genes. In recent years, numerous studies focus on determining genes that actively participate in tumor formation, invasion, and metastasis in order to establish new targets for cancer treatment. In spite of great advances in designing various siRNAs with diverse targets, efficient delivery of siRNAs to cancer cells is still the main challenge in siRNA-mediated cancer treatment. Recent advancements in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine hold great promise to meet this challenge. This review focuses on recent findings in cancer-associated genes and the application of siRNAs to successfully silence them in prostate cancer, as well as recent progress for effectual delivery of siRNAs to cancer cells.
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16
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Delicate Role of PD-L1/PD-1 Axis in Blood Vessel Inflammatory Diseases: Current Insight and Future Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218159. [PMID: 33142805 PMCID: PMC7663405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are the antigen-independent generator of secondary signals that aid in maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system. The programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/PD-1 axis is one among the most extensively studied immune-inhibitory checkpoint molecules, which delivers a negative signal for T cell activation by binding to the PD-1 receptor. The general attributes of PD-L1's immune-suppressive qualities and novel mechanisms on the barrier functions of vascular endothelium to regulate blood vessel-related inflammatory diseases are concisely reviewed. Though targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has received immense recognition-the Nobel Prize in clinical oncology was awarded in the year 2018 for this discovery-the use of therapeutic modulating strategies for the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in chronic inflammatory blood vessel diseases is still limited to experimental models. However, studies using clinical specimens that support the role of PD-1 and PD-L1 in patients with underlying atherosclerosis are also detailed. Of note, delicate balances in the expression levels of PD-L1 that are needed to preserve T cell immunity and to curtail acute as well as chronic infections in underlying blood vessel diseases are discussed. A significant link exists between altered lipid and glucose metabolism in different cells and the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 molecules, and its possible implications on vascular inflammation are justified. This review summarizes the most recent insights concerning the role of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis in vascular inflammation and, in addition, provides an overview exploring the novel therapeutic approaches and challenges of manipulating these immune checkpoint proteins, PD-1 and PD-L1, for suppressing blood vessel inflammation.
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17
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Khalil H, Abd ElHady A, Elawdan KA, Mohamed D, Mohamed DD, Abd El Maksoud AI, El-Chennawi FA, El-Fikiy B, El-Sayed IH. The Mechanical Autophagy as a Part of Cellular Immunity; Facts and Features in Treating the Medical Disorders. Immunol Invest 2020; 51:266-289. [PMID: 32993405 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1828453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular housekeeping process that incorporates lysosomal-degradation to maintain cell survival and energy sources. In recent decades, the role of autophagy has implicated in the initiation and development of many diseases that affect humanity. Among these diseases are autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, which connected with the lacking autophagy. Other diseases are connected with the increasing levels of autophagy such as cancers and infectious diseases. Therefore, controlling autophagy with sufficient regulators could represent an effective strategy to overcome such diseases. Interestingly, targeting autophagy can also provide a sufficient method to combat the current epidemic caused by the ongoing coronavirus. In this review, we aim to highlight the physiological function of the autophagic process to understand the circumstances surrounding its role in the cellular immunity associated with the development of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Amira Abd ElHady
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Elawdan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Dalia Mohamed
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Doaa D Mohamed
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abd El Maksoud
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Farha A El-Chennawi
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansora University, Mansora, Egypt
| | - Bhgat El-Fikiy
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H El-Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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18
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Elimam H, El-Say KM, Cybulsky AV, Khalil H. Regulation of Autophagy Progress via Lysosomal Depletion by Fluvastatin Nanoparticle Treatment in Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15476-15486. [PMID: 32637822 PMCID: PMC7331036 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluvastatin (FLV) is a statin family member that may play a role in modulating a variety of medical disorders such as atherosclerosis and breast cancer. The present study addresses the ability of FLV to modulate the cellular immune response and provides a new nanosized FLV formula (self-nanoemulsifying delivery system, SNED) potentially more effective for suppression of breast cancer development. We monitored autophagic machinery through the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3I/II). Lysosomal activity upon treatment was evaluated by mRNA and protein expression of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and its association with proinflammatory cytokine secretion were assessed in treated cells. Autophagosome formation was significantly increased in cells that were pretreated with FLV-SNED in comparison to FLV-treated cells. Activation of autophagy was accompanied with arrest of LAMP-1 expression, which correlates with lysosomal activity. Simultaneously, both FLV and FLV-SNED activated MAPK signaling and modified interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in treated cells. These findings indicate that FLV reduces cell viability via depletion of lysosomal activities along with accumulation of autophagosomes leading to disturbance of autophagosome-lysosomal fusion in treated cells. Furthermore, our data reveal the effectiveness of both FLV agents in the modulation of proinflammatory cytokine secretion from treated cells via regulation of MAPK signaling cascades and indicate that FLV-SNED is more efficient than FLV. This study provides new insights into how FLV regulates breast cancer cell viability via modulation of AMPK-mTOR and ERK-mTOR signaling, and through autophagosome formation accompanied by lysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Elimam
- Department
of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre
Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Sadat City, Sadat
City 32958, Egypt
- . Tel: +20-11-4171-1945
| | - Khalid M. El-Say
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Andrey V. Cybulsky
- Department
of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre
Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hany Khalil
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research
Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32958, Egypt
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19
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Abd El Maksoud AI, Elebeedy D, Abass NH, Awad AM, Nasr GM, Roshdy T, Khalil H. Methylomic Changes of Autophagy-Related Genes by Legionella Effector Lpg2936 in Infected Macrophages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:390. [PMID: 32064256 PMCID: PMC6999459 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects the human respiratory tract causing Legionnaires' disease, a severe form of pneumonia. Recently, rising evidence indicated the ability of Legionella to regulate host defense via its type 4 secretion system including hundreds of effectors that promote intracellular bacterial replication. The host defense against such invaders includes autophagic machinery that is responsible for degradation events of invading pathogens and recycling of cell components. The interplay between host autophagy and Legionella infection has been reported, indicating the role of bacterial effectors in the regulation of autophagy during intracellular replication. Here, we investigated the potential impact of Legionella effector Lpg2936 in the regulation of host autophagy and its role in bacterial replication using mice-derived macrophages and human lung epithelial cells (A549 cells). First, monitoring of autophagic flux following infection revealed a marked reduction of Atg7 and LC3B expression profile and low accumulation levels of autophagy-related LC3-I, LC3-II, and the Atg12-Atg5 protein complex. A novel methyladenine alteration was observed due to irreversible changes of GATC motif to G(6 mA) TC in the promoter region of Atg7 and LC3B indicated by cleaved genomic-DNA using the N6 methyladenine-sensitive restriction enzyme DpnI. Interestingly, RNA interference (RNAi) of Lpg2936 in infected macrophages showed dramatic inhibition of bacterial replication by restoring the expression of autophagy-related proteins. This is accompanied by low production levels of bacterial-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, a constructed Lpg2936 segment in the GFP expression vector was translocated in the host nucleus and successfully induced methyladenine changes in Atg7 and LC3B promoter region and subsequently regulated autophagy in A549 cells independent of infection. Finally, treatment with methylation inhibitors 5-AZA and (2)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was able to restore autophagy-related gene expression and to disrupt bacterial replication in infected macrophages. This cumulative evidence indicates the methylation effect of Legionella effector Lpg2936 on the host autophagy-related molecules Atg7 and LC3B and subsequent reduction in the expression levels of autophagy effectors during intracellular replication of L. pneumophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Dalia Elebeedy
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Nasser H. Abass
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Awad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ghada M. Nasr
- Molecular Diagnostics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Tamer Roshdy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hany Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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20
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Abd El Maksoud AI, Taher RF, Gaara AH, Abdelrazik E, Keshk OS, Elawdan KA, Morsy SE, Salah A, Khalil H. Selective Regulation of B-Raf Dependent K-Ras/Mitogen-Activated Protein by Natural Occurring Multi-kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1220. [PMID: 31781509 PMCID: PMC6861212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is one of the most difficult challenges faced by humanity due to its many associated issues, such as inability to prevent diseases, treatment safety, and high mortality rate. In cancer, a variety of cellular signaling is activated to ensure malignancy transformation, angiogenesis and metastasis. The most efficient signaling pathway in cancer is mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which controls malignancy and regulates apoptosis. Methods: Four different flavonoid glycosides have been isolated from Pulicaria jaubertii using the phytochemical characterization of hydro-methanol extract. The purified glycosides (PJs) were investigated for their potential repression of cancer development using human lung epithelial cells and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compared with Sorafenib (SOR), the standard systemic drug for HCC. In PJ-treated cells, the expression profile of K-Ras, B-Raf, and P53 were detected using qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and western blot. Steady-state mRNA and levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were monitored in the fluids media at different time points following treatment. Results: Our results showed that the qurictine glycosides (PJ-1 and PJ-9) selectively inhibited the mutant K-Ras/B-Raf proteins expression and interaction in both cancer cells; while SOR showed obvious depletion of total Raf-1 protein in cancer cells and normal cells as well. Interestingly, the combination of PJ-1 or PJ-9 with SOR exhibited restoring cell viability of normal cells via controlling Raf-1 and P53 genes expression. Further, these identified PJ agents significantly adjusted the levels of TGF-β and IL-8 in cancer treated cells accompanied by restoring the activation of P53 expression. These findings were confirmed by docking analysis of PJs ligand and the crystal structure of K-Ras, B-Raf, and ERK transcription factor. Conclusion: The current data provide novel and natural multi-kinase inhibitors with competitive regulation of the mutant proteins; K-Ras and B-Raf and sustained MAPK signaling without any detectable toxic effect in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Abd El Maksoud
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Rehab F Taher
- Natural Compounds Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Gaara
- Natural Compounds Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelrazik
- The Center for Informatics Science, Nile University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Omar S Keshk
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Elawdan
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Salwa E Morsy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Salah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hany Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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Molecular machinery and interplay of apoptosis and autophagy in coronary heart disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 136:27-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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