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Bai H, Liu T, Wang H, Li Y, Wang Z. Metabolic reprogramming of corn oligopeptide in regulating sodium nitrite-induced canine hepatocyte injury via TGF/NF-κB signaling pathways and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 192:114935. [PMID: 39151875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Sodium nitrite (SN), a prevalent food preservative, is known to precipitate hepatotoxicity upon exposure. This study elucidates the hepatoprotective effects of corn oligopeptide (COP) and vitamin E (VE) against SN-induced hepatic injury in canine hepatocytes. Canine liver cells were subjected to SN to induce hepatotoxicity, followed by treatment with COP and VE. Evaluations included assays for cell viability, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The findings demonstrated that COP and VE significantly ameliorated SN-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. It was evidenced by restored cell viability, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced cytoplasmic enzyme leakage, and decreased levels of malondialdehyde and inflammatory cytokines, with COP showing superior efficacy. The RNA sequencing revealed that COP treatment suppressed the SN-activated aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway and TGF-β/NF-κB signaling pathways, thereby mitigating amino acid depletion, apoptosis, and inflammation. Moreover, COP treatment upregulated genes associated with protein folding, bile acid synthesis, and DNA repair. Metabolomic analysis corroborated these results, showing that COP restored amino acid levels and enhanced bile acid metabolism, alleviating SN-induced metabolic disruptions. These findings offered significant insights into the protective mechanisms of COP underscoring its prospective application in treating liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasong Bai
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, PR China
| | - Hengyan Wang
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, PR China
| | - Yunliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Zhanzhong Wang
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, PR China.
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Dutta P, Bishayi B. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in combination with L-N-monomethyl arginine alleviates Staphylococcus aureus infection via regulation of CXCL8/CXCR1 axis in peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106294. [PMID: 37567327 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The CXCL8/CXCR1 axis in conjoint with the free radicals and anti-oxidants dictates the severity of inflammation caused by the bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus. S.aureus mediated inflammatory processes is regulated by NF-κB and its product, iNOS. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of inhibition of NF-κB and iNOS on CXCL8/CXCR1, alteration in M1/M2 polarization of macrophages and associated inflammatory responses during S.aureus infection in vitro. For this, the murine peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with NF-κB inhibitor, Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and iNOS inhibitor, L-N-monomethyl arginine (LNMMA), either alone or in combination, followed by time-dependent S.aureus infection. The chemotactic migrations of macrophages were determined by the agarose spot assay. The iNOS, NF-κB and CXCR1 protein expressions were evaluated. The ROS level (superoxide, H2O2, NO) and antioxidant activities (SOD, CAT, GSH, arginase) were measured. The intra-macrophage phagoctyic activity had been analyzed by confocal microscopy. S.aureus activated macrophages showed increased iNOS expression that symbolizes M1 characterization of macrophages. The results suggest that the combination treatment of LNMMA + PDTC was effective in diminution of CXCL8 production and CXCR1 expression through downregulation of NF-κB and iNOS signaling pathway. Consequently, there was decrement in macrophage migration, reduced ROS generation, elevated antioxidant enzyme activity as well as bacterial phagocytosis at 90 min post bacterial infection. The increased arginase activity further proves the switch from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophages. Concludingly, the combination of PDTC + LNMMA could resolve S.aureus mediated inflammation through mitigation of CXCL8/CXCR1 pathway switching from M1 to M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Dutta
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, 700009, West Bengal, India.
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Dutta P, Bishayi B. IL-10 in combination with IL-12 and TNF-α attenuates CXCL8/CXCR1 axis in peritoneal macrophages of mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus through the TNFR1-IL-1R-NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110297. [PMID: 37207443 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of Staphylococcus aureus mediated CXCL8/CXCR1 axis is a major cause of sepsis and severe inflammatory diseases. This chemokine acts conjointly with various pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that govern the severity of inflammation. The effects of different combinations of exogenous cytokines on CXCR1 expression in macrophages remain undetermined. Exogenous cytokine and anti-inflammatory cytokine therapy had been used to modulate CXCL8 and CXCR1 expression in peritoneal macrophages. Male Swiss albino mice were inoculated with live S. aureus (106 cells/ mouse) for the development of infection. Exogenous cytokines (TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-10) were administered intraperitoneally (single or combination) 24 h post S. aureus infection. The mice were sacrificed and peritoneal macrophages were isolated three days post infection. CXCL8, IL-12, IL-10 secretion, ROS generation and the bacterial phagocytic process had been evaluated. Western blot was used to study the expressions of TNFR1, IL-1R, CXCR1 and NF-κB. TNF-α, IL-12 and IFN-γ treatments aggravated CXCL8 and CXCR1 expression in the macrophages of infected mice. TNF-α + IFN-γ treatment was a major inducer of nitric oxide release and mediated maximum bacterial killing. IL-12 + TNF-α treatment was most potent in increasing ROS, CXCL8/CXCR1 expression through increased levels of TNFR1, IL-1R and NF-κB activation. IL-10 reversed the effects of exogenous cytokines but also impaired the bacterial clearance phenomenon in peritoneal lavage. Treatment with IL-12 + TNF-α + IL-10 was most effective in ameliorating oxidative stress, reduced CXCL8 release and expression levels of TNFR1, IL-1R, and NF-κB. Concludingly, IL-12 + TNF-α + IL-10 treatment mitigated CXCL8/CXCR1 expression and inflammatory signalling via downregulation of TNFR1-IL-1R-NF-κB pathway in peritoneal macrophages and inflammatory sequelae during S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Dutta
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India.
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Li X, Chen C, Zhang L, Cheng X, Geng H, Ji Q, Li C, Chen H, Körner H, Liu X. Absence of TNF Leads to Alternative Activation in Peritoneal Macrophages in Experimental Listeria Monocytogenes Infection. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1005-1022. [PMID: 33830841 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1902346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial effectors of innate immunity against the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) has been shown to be crucial for resistance to L. monocytogenes and mice deficient in TNF signalling succumb quickly after infection. However, the mechanisms underlying TNF-mediated defence against L. monocytogenes infection have not been completely elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that TNF concurrently functions to support a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype while actively blocking macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype. Compared to WT mice, peritoneal macrophages in TNF-deficient mice inoculated with L. monocytogenes respond with M2 polarization by upregulating Arg1. Consistently, TNF blockade in vitro resulted in M2 polarization in peritoneal macrophages during L. monocytogenes infection. Additionally, TNF promotes the transition from M2 to M1 polarization in peritoneal macrophages. Further investigation of peritoneal macrophage polarization suggested the NF-κB pathway is involved in the TNF-dependent M2 to M1 shift. Conversely, treatment of peritoneal macrophage with a PPARγ agonist blunted the expression of M1 genes induced by TNF and reduced NF-κB signalling pathway activation. Competing signalling mechanisms therefore play an essential role in the ability of peritoneal macrophage to resolve L. monocytogenes infections with TNF playing an essential role in driving M1 polarization.Abbreviations: LPM: large peritoneal macrophage; SPM: small peritoneal macrophage; LLO: listeriolysin O; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; DCs: dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaomin Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huiwu Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huili Chen
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Molecular Pathology Centre, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Molecular Pathology Centre, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang X, Su F, Yu X, Geng N, Li L, Wang R, Zhang M, Liu J, Liu Y, Han B. RNA-Seq Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells in Response to Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:642. [PMID: 33426011 PMCID: PMC7793973 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a common mastitis pathogen widespread in the natural environment of dairy farms, is capable of invading mammary epithelial cells making treatment difficult. However, the mechanism of the response of bovine mammary epithelial cell to S. aureus invasion remains elusive. In this study, transcriptomic analysis and bioinformatics tools were applied to explore the differentially expressed RNAs in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) between the control and S. aureus-treated group. A total of 259 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), 27 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and 21 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) were found. These RNAs mainly enrich the inflammatory response, immune response, endocytosis, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the quality of the RNA-seq results. In particular, to the defense mechanism of bovine mammary epithelial cells against intracellular S. aureus, the PPAR signaling pathway and the genes (ACOX2, CROT, and NUDT12) were found to be up-regulated to promote the production of peroxisomes and ROS, DRAM1 expression was also up-regulated to facilitate the activation of autophagy, indicating that the above mechanisms were involved in the elimination of intracellular S. aureus in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Feng Su
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Liping Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Run Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Bo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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