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Kim JC, Park MJ, Park S, Lee ES. Alteration of the Fecal but Not Salivary Microbiome in Patients with Behçet's Disease According to Disease Activity Shift. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071449. [PMID: 34361885 PMCID: PMC8306658 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome plays an important role in various diseases, including Behçet’s disease (BD). However, the effects of disease activity and covariates influencing the microbial composition have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the fecal and salivary microbiomes of BD patients compared to those of recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) patients, as well as dietary habit-matched healthy controls (HCs) selected from immediate family members using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The fecal microbiome alpha diversity of BD patients was not different from that of their matched HCs, although it was higher than that of unrelated HCs and decreased in BD patients with disease activity. A tendency toward clustering in the beta diversity of the fecal microbiome was observed between the active BD patients and their matched HCs. Active BD patients had a significantly higher abundance of fecal Bacteroides uniformis than their matched HCs and patients with the disease in an inactive state (p = 0.038). The abundance of salivary Rothia mucilaginosa group was higher in BD patients than in RAUs patients. BD patients with uveitis had different abundances of various taxa, compared to those without uveitis. Our results showed an association of fecal microbiome composition with BD disease activity and symptoms, suggesting the possible role of the gut microbiome in BD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheol Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (J.C.K.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Mi Jin Park
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (J.C.K.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Sun Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Eun-So Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (J.C.K.); (M.J.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Yazısız V. Similarities and differences between Behçet's disease and Crohn's disease. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2014; 5:228-238. [PMID: 25133025 PMCID: PMC4133522 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i3.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory condition with multisystem involvement. Approximately 10%-15% of patients present with gastrointestinal involvement. Involved sites and the endoscopic view usually resemble Crohn’s disease (CD). In addition to intestinal involvement, oral mucosa, the eyes, skin, and joints are commonly affected. No pathognomonic laboratory test is available for the diagnosis of either disease. Management approaches are also similar in various aspects. Differentiating BD from CD is highly challenging. In this article, the similarities and differences between BD and CD in terms of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical and imaging findings, and histopathological and therapeutic approaches are reviewed.
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Bonyadi M, Gholizadeh M, Soltan-Ali M. MDR1 C3435T polymorphism associated with the development of clinical features in Behçet's disease in Iranian Azeri Turkish patients. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53:1235-40. [PMID: 24898446 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown cause with a higher prevalence along the ancient Silk Road. Behçet's occasional familial aggregation and its close association with genes of major histocompatibility complexes justify that genetic factors play an important role in the development of the disease. In this study, we evaluated the association of multidrug resistance (MDR1) C3435T polymorphism with the severity of BD. METHOD We investigated the distribution of MDR1 C3435T polymorphism in 69 patients from the Iranian Azeri Turks group with BD and 92 ethnically sex-matched healthy controls, via the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. RESULT Although there was no significant association of MDR1 C3435T polymorphism between two groups of patients and healthy controls, our data showed a substantial association of CC genotype with the development of several clinical features, including erythema nodosum (P = 0.001, OR = 2.686, 95%), pseudofolliculitis (P = 0.002, OR = 2.812, 95%), and skin lesions (P = 0.040, OR = 1.934, 95%). CONCLUSION These results suggest that CC genotype is a risk factor for the development of some clinical features of BD in patients from the Iranian Azeri Turk ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortaza Bonyadi
- Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kim SJ, Lee S, Park C, Seo JS, Kim JI, Yu HG. Targeted resequencing of candidate genes reveals novel variants associated with severe Behçet's uveitis. Exp Mol Med 2013; 45:e49. [PMID: 24136464 PMCID: PMC3809359 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2013.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by four major manifestations: recurrent uveitis, oral and genital ulcers and skin lesions. To identify some pathogenic variants associated with severe Behçet's uveitis, we used targeted and massively parallel sequencing methods to explore the genetic diversity of target regions. A solution-based target enrichment kit was designed to capture whole-exonic regions of 132 candidate genes. Using a multiplexing strategy, 32 samples from patients with a severe type of Behçet's uveitis were sequenced with a Genome Analyzer IIx. We compared the frequency of each variant with that of 59 normal Korean controls, and selected five rare and eight common single-nucleotide variants as the candidates for a replication study. The selected variants were genotyped in 61 cases and 320 controls and, as a result, two rare and seven common variants showed significant associations with severe Behçet's uveitis (P<0.05). Some of these, including rs199955684 in KIR3DL3, rs1801133 in MTHFR, rs1051790 in MICA and rs1051456 in KIR2DL4, were predicted to be damaging by either the PolyPhen-2 or SIFT prediction program. Variants on FCGR3A (rs396991) and ICAM1 (rs5498) have been previously reported as susceptibility loci of this disease, and those on IFNAR1, MTFHR and MICA also replicated the previous reports at the gene level. The KIR3DL3 and KIR2DL4 genes are novel susceptibility genes that have not been reported in association with BD. In conclusion, this study showed that target enrichment and next-generation sequencing technologies can provide valuable information on the genetic predisposition for Behçet's uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jin Kim
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea [2] Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 Allele and Haplotype Frequencies and Comparison With Blood Group Antigens in Dialysis Patients in the East Anatolia Region of Turkey. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:2123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Khairallah M, Accorinti M, Muccioli C, Kahloun R, Kempen JH. Epidemiology of Behçet disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2013; 20:324-35. [PMID: 23030353 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2012.723112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Behçet disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder that is an important cause of morbidity worldwide. BD is most common along the ancient "Silk Road" route in the Far East and Mediterranean basin. The eye is the most commonly involved organ in BD patients.The prototypical form of involvement is a relapsing remitting panuveitis and retinal vasculitis. Less commonly, BD may present in the form of conjunctivitis, conjunctival ulcers, keratitis, episcleritis, scleritis, and extraocular muscle paralysis. Uveitis in BD carries significant implications for the patient, because it is a chronic recurrent disease characterized by explosive attacks of severe inflammation that may cause significant, cumulative damage to the intraocular structures. This review summarizes the epidemiology of systemic and ocular clinical features of BD with particular focus on risk factors, clinical characteristics, complications, and prognosis of BD-associated uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moncef Khairallah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Zivkovic M, Zlatanovic M, Zlatanovic G, Djordjevic-Jocic J, Cekic S. Anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with Behcet's disease. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2011; 11:58-61. [PMID: 21342144 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2011.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study are to determine anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with Sy Behcet and to determine correlation between the levels of anticardiolipin antibodies in serum in patients with clinic systemic and ocular manifestations. The study was conducted on 11 patients with Behcet disease (group I), and on 11 healthy subjects (group II). Anticardiolipin antibodies -aCL were determined by the standard ELISA method, where 1GPL= 1 microgram/ml IgG aCL and 1 MPL= 1 microgram/ ml IgM, and were considered negative < 10 GPL or MPL, low positive (10-40 GPL and MPL), or high positive (>40 GPL and MPL). In the group of 11 patients with the diagnosis Sy Behcet, 6 of them were (54.5%) with values of anticardiolipin antibodies over 10 positive. In the control group of the healthy examinees aCl were positive in 2 cases (18.2%). There are no statistically significant differences in the presence of systemic clinic characteristics between aCl positive and negative patients. All the patients with SY Behcet in whom anticardiolipn antibodies were found have extremely severe visual damage which is not present in the group of those patients where the values of aCl were low. The difference is statistically significant. The level of anticardiolipin antibodies is increased in the patients with Behcet. There are no statistically significant differences in the presence of systemic clinical characteristics between aCL positive and negative patients. Visual acuity in patients with SY Behcet is statistically significantly much lower in patients who had increased values of aCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Zivkovic
- Clinical Center Niš, Eye Clinic, Department for Retinal Disorders, Serbia.
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Bharadwaj M, Illing P, Kostenko L. Personalized medicine for HLA-associated drug-hypersensitivity reactions. Per Med 2010; 7:495-516. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.10.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple genetic and nongenetic factors can modify the action of a drug, resulting in varied responses to a particular drug across different individuals. Personalized medicine incorporates the comprehensive knowledge of these factors to facilitate the selection of optimal therapy, reduce adverse drug reactions, increase patient compliance and increase the efficiency of therapy. Pharmacogenomics, which integrates the knowledge of an individual’s genetic make-up for diagnostic decisions or therapeutic interventions is closely linked to personalized medicine, and is being increasingly used to prevent adverse drug reactions. There are various reports on genetic associations between particular HLA allotypes and drug hypersensitivities and the strongest associations reported thus far, are with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor, abacavir and HLA-B*5701, the gout prophylactic allopurinol and HLA-B*5801 and the antiepileptic carbamazepine and B*1502, providing a defined disease trigger and suggesting a general mechanism for these associations. Recognizing the strong HLA association, the US FDA has recommended genetic testing before starting abacavir and carbamazepine therapies. To incorporate HLA testing for other drug hypersensitivities and life-threatening reactions it is essential first to establish clear HLA associations, and second, to understand the immune-mechanism by which these drugs induce HLA-linked hypersensitivity. The latter will provide insight into the pathologic mechanisms of drug allergy allowing rational immunotherapy for these life-threatening reactions and the development of alternative drug therapies for hypersensitive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandvi Bharadwaj
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Patricia Illing
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lyudmila Kostenko
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Etiopathogenesis of Behçet's disease with emphasis on the role of immunological aberrations. Clin Rheumatol 2010; 29:1211-6. [PMID: 20495938 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-010-1491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic multisystemic inflammatory disorder of unknown origin consisting of oral aphthous ulcers, ocular symptoms, skin lesions, and genital ulcerations. It has many features in common with systemic vasculitides and is more prevalent in countries along the ancient Silk route. Immune-mediated mechanisms play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease, and inflammatory mediators are also involved. BD is not considered to be an autoimmune disorder, and the character of the disease needs to be clarified. Immunological aberrations in BD have been extensively studied by many investigators; genetic factors have been related to disease susceptibility, but their exact role in the development of disease is uncertain. Environmental factors such as infectious agents have also been implicated in the etiology of BD. However, the etiopathogenesis of the disease remains to be elucidated. Factors involved in the immunopathogenesis of BD with emphasis on the role of immunological aberrations are analyzed in this review.
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TNF-α gene polymorphisms in Iranian Azeri Turkish patients with Behcet’s Disease. Rheumatol Int 2009; 30:285-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Qin H, Cai J, Xu H, Gong Y. Inhibition of Behcet's disease by calcitonin. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:24-6. [PMID: 19299090 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic, multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by relapsing oral aphthous and genital ulcers, ocular inflammation, erythemanodosum and folliculitis-like lesions of the skin, arthritis, and central nervous system involvement. Its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated but the etiology is accepted to be multifactorial, therefore the treatment of Behcet's disease continues to be a major therapeutic challenge. The identification of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of these disorders is important. Calcitonin (CT), a peptide hormone secreted in response to hypercalcemia, has the dual effect of inhibiting osteoclast recruitment as well as their resorptive activity. A number of reviews have concluded that salmon calcitonin is safe and effective in the treatment of osteoporosis. Calcitonin abrogated the stimulating effect of RANKL or prednisolone; similar results were obtained with OPG. Additionally, the analgesic activity of salmon calcitonin has been shown in several controlled prospective double-blind studies to improve pain. Exogenous calcitonin is thought to cross the blood-brain barrier and to accumulate slowly in the brain, inducing analgesia once sufficient receptors are occupied. Since CT could antagonize resorptive and analgesic activity by competitively binding to CTR and has been considered as a specific antagonist, we postulate that the CT could function as a novel agent to inhibit BD. In our opinion, if the hypothesis proved to be practical, CT could be widely used in clinical settings to treat BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital Of Lianyungang City, #182 Tongguan Road, Lianyungang 222002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Lin YJ, Wan L, Wu JY, Sheu JJC, Lin CW, Lan YC, Lai CH, Hung CH, Tsai Y, Tsai CH, Lin TH, Lin JG, Hsueh KC, Huang YM, Chang JS, Tsai FJ. HLA-E gene polymorphism associated with susceptibility to Kawasaki disease and formation of coronary artery aneurysms. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2009; 60:604-10. [PMID: 19180512 DOI: 10.1002/art.24261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric systemic vasculitis of unknown cause for which a genetic influence is supposed. The purpose of this study was to identify possible genetic variants in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region that are associated with KD and the development of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) in a Taiwanese population. METHODS The 168 genetic variants covering the MHC locus were analyzed in an association study of a Taiwanese cohort of 93 KD patients and 680 unrelated healthy children matched for sex and age with the study patients. RESULTS Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with the occurrence of KD. The SNP located at the 3'-untranslated region of HLA-E (rs2844724) was highly associated (P < 1 x 10(-7)). In addition, the frequency of the C allele was higher in KD patients without CAAs than in controls (P < 0.001) due to a significantly increased frequency of the CC and CT genotypes. Plasma levels of soluble HLA-E were significantly higher in KD patients than in controls regardless of the presence of CAAs. Furthermore, there was a trend toward higher plasma levels of soluble HLA-E in KD patients with the CT and TT genotypes of the HLA-E gene polymorphism. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the HLA-E gene polymorphism may play a role in the pathogenesis of KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Lin
- China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, and Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Gündüz A, Gündüz A, Cumurcu T, Seyrek A. Conjunctival flora in Behçet patients. Can J Ophthalmol 2008; 43:476-9. [DOI: 10.3129/i08-089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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