1
|
Wu Y, Wang Q, Jia S, Lu Q, Zhao M. Gut-tropic T cells and extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103544. [PMID: 38604462 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Gut-tropic T cells primarily originate from gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), and gut-tropic integrins mediate the trafficking of the T cells to the gastrointestinal tract, where their interplay with local hormones dictates the residence of the immune cells in both normal and compromised gastrointestinal tissues. Targeting gut-tropic integrins is an effective therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Gut-tropic T cells are further capable of entering the peripheral circulatory system and relocating to multiple organs. There is mounting evidence indicating a correlation between gut-tropic T cells and extra-intestinal autoimmune disorders. This review aims to systematically discuss the origin, migration, and residence of gut-tropic T cells and their association with extra-intestinal autoimmune-related diseases. These discoveries are expected to offer new understandings into the development of a range of autoimmune disorders, as well as innovative approaches for preventing and treating the diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
| | - Qiaolin Wang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi SW, Hong HK, Jeon J, Choi JY, Kim M, Kim P, Lee BC, Woo SJ. FITC-Labeled RGD Peptides as Novel Contrast Agents for Functional Fluorescent Angiographic Detection of Retinal and Choroidal Neovascularization. Cells 2023; 12:1902. [PMID: 37508566 PMCID: PMC10377818 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a crucial factor in the pathophysiology and prognosis of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Therefore, the detection of CNV is essential for establishing an appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan. Current ophthalmic imaging techniques, such as fundus fluorescent angiography and optical coherence tomography, have limitations in accurately visualizing CNV lesions and expressing CNV activity, owing to issues such as excessive dye leakage with pooling and the inability to provide functional information. Here, using the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide's affinity for integrin αvβ3, which is expressed in the neovascular endothelial cells in ocular tissues, we propose the use of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled RGD peptide as a novel dye for effective molecular imaging of CNV. FITC-labeled RGD peptides (FITC-RGD2), prepared by bioconjugation of one FITC molecule with two RGD peptides, demonstrated better visualization and precise localization of CNV lesions than conventional fluorescein dyes in laser-induced CNV rodent models, as assessed using various imaging techniques, including a commercially available clinical fundus camera (Optos). These results suggest that FITC-RGD2 can serve as an effective novel dye for the diagnosis of neovascular retinal diseases, including AMD, by enabling early detection and treatment of disease occurrence and recurrence after treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehwi Jeon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Max Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shao Z, Chwa M, Atilano SR, Park J, Karageozian H, Karageozian V, Kenney MC. The Transcriptome Profile of Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Müller Cell Lines Protected by Risuteganib Against Hydrogen Peroxide Stress. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:513-526. [PMID: 35731128 PMCID: PMC9508878 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of vision-impairing diseases. In the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Müller cells support neuronal homeostasis, but also contribute to pathological development under stressed conditions. Recent studies found that the investigational drug risuteganib (RSG) has a good safety profile, provided protection in experimental models, and improved visual acuity in patients. The present in vitro study evaluated the effects of RSG in RPE and Müller cell lines stressed with the oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Methods: Human RPE (ARPE-19) and Müller (MIO-M1) cell lines were treated with various combinations of RSG and H2O2. Trypan blue assay was used to investigate the effect of compounds on cell viability. Gene expression was measured using RNA sequencing to identify regulated genes and the biological processes and pathways involved. Results: Trypan blue assay found RSG pre-treatment significantly protected against H2O2-induced cell death in ARPE-19 and MIO-M1 cells. Transcriptome analysis found H2O2 regulated genes in several disease-relevant biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, death, and proliferation; ECM organization; angiogenesis; metabolism; and immune system processes. RSG pre-treatment modulated these gene expression profiles in the opposite direction of H2O2. Pathway analysis found genes in integrin, AP-1, and syndecan signaling pathways were regulated. Expression of selected RSG-regulated genes was validated using qRT-PCR. Conclusions: RSG protected cultured human RPE and Müller cell lines against H2O2-induced cell death and mitigated the associated transcriptome changes in biological processes and pathways relevant to the pathogenesis of retinal diseases. These results demonstrate RSG reduced oxidative stress-induced toxicity in two retinal cell lines with potential relevance to the treatment of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Shao
- Allegro Ophthalmics, LLC, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Shari R Atilano
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - John Park
- Allegro Ophthalmics, LLC, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
| | | | | | - M Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen YH, Lightman S, Eskandarpour M, Calder VL. Adhesion Molecule Targeted Therapy for Non-Infectious Uveitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:503. [PMID: 35008929 PMCID: PMC8745221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is an inflammatory eye disease initiated via CD4+ T-cell activation and transmigration, resulting in focal retinal tissue damage and visual acuity disturbance. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are activated during the inflammatory process to facilitate the leukocyte recruitment cascade. Our review focused on CAM-targeted therapies in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and NIU. We concluded that CAM-based therapies have demonstrated benefits for controlling EAU severity with decreases in immune cell migration, especially via ICAM-1/LFA-1 and VCAM-1/VLA-4 (integrin) pathways. P-selectin and E-selectin are more involved specifically in uveitis related to vasculitis. These therapies have potential clinical applications for the development of a more personalized and specific treatment. Localized therapies are the future direction to avoid serious systemic side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsing Chen
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (Y.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.E.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Sue Lightman
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (Y.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.E.)
| | - Malihe Eskandarpour
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (Y.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.E.)
| | - Virginia L. Calder
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (Y.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.E.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shihan MH, Novo SG, Wang Y, Sheppard D, Atakilit A, Arnold TD, Rossi NM, Faranda AP, Duncan MK. αVβ8 integrin targeting to prevent posterior capsular opacification. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145715. [PMID: 34554928 PMCID: PMC8663568 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic posterior capsular opacification (PCO), a major complication of cataract surgery, is driven by transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β). Previously, αV integrins were found to be critical for the onset of TGF-β–mediated PCO in vivo; however, the functional heterodimer was unknown. Here, β8 integrin–conditional knockout (β8ITG-cKO) lens epithelial cells (LCs) attenuated their fibrotic responses, while both β5 and β6 integrin–null LCs underwent fibrotic changes similar to WT at 5 days post cataract surgery (PCS). RNA-Seq revealed that β8ITG-cKO LCs attenuated their upregulation of integrins and their ligands, as well as known targets of TGF-β–induced signaling, at 24 hours PCS. Treatment of β8ITG-cKO eyes with active TGF-β1 at the time of surgery rescued the fibrotic response. Treatment of WT mice with an anti-αVβ8 integrin function blocking antibody at the time of surgery ameliorated both canonical TGF-β signaling and LC fibrotic response PCS, and treatment at 5 days PCS, after surgically induced fibrotic responses were established, largely reversed this fibrotic response. These data suggest that αVβ8 integrin is a major regulator of TGF-β activation by LCs PCS and that therapeutics targeting αVβ8 integrin could be effective for fibrotic PCO prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubul H Shihan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Samuel G Novo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas D Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicole M Rossi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Adam P Faranda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Melinda K Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen B, Wu P, Liang L, Zhao C, Wang Z, He L, Zhang R, Xu N. Inhibited effect of an RGD peptide hydrogel on the expression of β1-integrin, FAK, and Akt in Tenon's capsule fibroblasts. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1857-1865. [PMID: 33847460 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tenon's capsule fibroblasts are the main cellular components of filtration tract scar that limit the success rate of glaucoma filtration surgery. Scar formation results from infiltration and proliferation of fibroblasts into damaged areas, meanwhile synthesis of extracellular matrix glycoproteins. Integrins are cell surface receptors for extracellular molecules that mediate cell adhesion, spreading, migration, and invasion. They bind their ligands often through recognition of short amino-acid sequences-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD). Peptides that contain RGD sequence can compete with RGD containing insoluble matrix proteins for binding to the integrin receptor and thus prevent the downstream signaling pathway. Increasing evidence supports that β1-integrin/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Akt signal pathway plays an important role in fibrogenesis and scar formation in different tissues. In consideration of advantages of peptide hydrogel, that is well biocompatibility, gel state, degradability, good drug loading, we designed and fabricated an RGD peptide hydrogel, and hypothesized that it could inhibit the expression of β1-integrin, FAK, and Akt in Tenon's capsule fibroblasts. Rheology results showed that 1% wt Fmoc-FFGGRGD peptide solution could self-assemble into hydrogel. Western blot analysis revealed that there were statistical differences between control group and 1% wt group in β1-integrin/β-actin, FAK/β-actin, Akt/β-actin respectively (*p < .05). The relative mRNA expression of β1-integrin, FAK, Akt in control group and 1% wt group were also statistically different respectively (*p < .05). We proved that 1% wt Fmoc-FFGGRGD self-assembly peptide hydrogel could inhibit the expression of β1-integrin, FAK and Akt in Tenon's capsule fibroblasts. It is a promising way to solve scar formation of glaucoma filter channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoji Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The first college of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The first college of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The first college of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The first college of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Liye He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The first college of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The first college of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Na Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schneider K, Chwa M, Atilano SR, Shao Z, Park J, Karageozian H, Karageozian V, Kenney MC. Differential effects of risuteganib and bevacizumab on AMD cybrid cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 203:108287. [PMID: 33075294 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments are currently used to treat wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and macular edema. Chronic, repetitive treatments with anti-VEGF may have unintended consequences beyond the inhibition of angiogenesis. Most recently, clinical trials have been conducted with risuteganib (RSG, Luminate®), which is anti-angiogenic and has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction play a major role in development of AMD. Transmitochondrial cybrids are cell lines established by fusing human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that are Rho0 (lacking mtDNA) with platelets isolated from AMD subjects or age-matched normal subjects. Cybrid cell lines have identical nuclei but mitochondria from different subjects, enabling investigation of the functional consequences of damaged AMD mitochondria. The present study compares the responses of AMD cybrids treated with bevacizumab (Bmab, Avastin®) versus risuteganib (RSG, Luminate®). METHODS Cybrids were created by fusing mtDNA depleted ARPE-19 cells with platelets from AMD or age-matched normal patients. AMD (n = 5) and normal (n = 3) cybrids were treated for 48 h with or without 1x clinical dose of 1.25 mg/50 μl (25,000 μg/ml) of Bmab or 1.0 mg/50 μl (20,000 μg/ml) of RSG. Cultures were analyzed for levels of cleaved caspase 3/7 and NucLight Rapid Red staining (IncuCyte® Live Cell Imager), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm, JC1 assay) or reactive oxygen species (ROS, H2DCFDA assay). Expression levels of genes related to the following pathways were analyzed with qRT-PCR: Apoptosis (BAX, BCL2L13, CASP-3, -7, -9); angiogenesis (VEGFA, HIF1α, PDGF); integrins (ITGB-1, -3, -5, ITGA-3, -5, -V); mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC1α, POLG); oxidative stress (SOD2, GPX3, NOX4); inflammation (IL-6, -18, -1β, IFN-β1); and signaling (P3KCA, PI3KR1). Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software. RESULTS The untreated AMD cybrids had significantly higher levels of cleaved caspase 3/7 compared to the untreated normal cybrids. The Bmab-treated AMD cybrids showed elevated levels of cleaved caspase 3/7 compared to untreated AMD or RSG-treated AMD cybrids. The Bmab-treated cybrids had lower ΔΨm compared to untreated AMD or RSG-treated AMD cybrids. The ROS levels were not changed with Bmab or RSG treatment. Results showed that Bmab-treated cybrids had higher expression levels of inflammatory (IL-6, IL1-β), oxidative stress (NOX4) and angiogenesis (VEGFA) genes compared to untreated AMD, while RSG-treated cybrids had lower expression levels of apoptosis (BAX), angiogenesis (VEGFA) and integrin (ITGB1) genes. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the mechanism(s) of action of RSG, an integrin regulator, and Bmab, a recombinant monoclonal antibody, affect the AMD RPE cybrid cells differently, with the former having more anti-apoptosis properties, which may be desirable in treating degenerative ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schneider
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shari R Atilano
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zixuan Shao
- Allegro Ophthalmics, LLC, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - John Park
- Allegro Ophthalmics, LLC, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | | | | | - M Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Faralli JA, Filla MS, Peters DM. Effect of αvβ3 Integrin Expression and Activity on Intraocular Pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1776-1788. [PMID: 31022732 PMCID: PMC6485315 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effects of αvβ3 integrin expression and activation on intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods Cre+/−β3flox/flox mice were treated with topical tamoxifen eye drops for 5 days to activate Cre and excise the β3 integrin gene from the anterior segment. IOP was measured weekly for 11 weeks using rebound tonometry. Mice were then killed and changes in expression of the β3 integrin subunit in Cre+/− β3flox/flox mice were determined using Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. To determine the effect of αvβ3 integrin activation on outflow facility, porcine organ culture anterior segments (POCAS) were perfused with the αvβ3 integrin-activating antibody AP5 or an isotype IgG control for 21 hours. The effect of αvβ3 integrin activation on IOP was measured over 7 days in C57BL/6J mice intracamerally infused with AP5, AP3, IgG, or PBS. Results Deletion of the β3 integrin subunit using the tamoxifen-inducible Cre-loxP system resulted in a decrease in expression of the β3 integrin subunit in the trabecular meshwork and ciliary muscle. Morphologically no gross changes in the anterior segment were detected. Deletion of the β3 integrin subunit resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) lower IOP in mice within 2 weeks following the tamoxifen treatment and persisted for 11 weeks. Activating the αvβ3 integrin with the AP5 antibody resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in IOP in C57BL/6J mice and a decrease in outflow facility in 42% of the POCAS. Conclusions These studies demonstrate a role for αvβ3 integrin signaling in the regulation of IOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Faralli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Mark S Filla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Donna M Peters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The uPAR System as a Potential Therapeutic Target in the Diseased Eye. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080925. [PMID: 31426601 PMCID: PMC6721659 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of vascular networks is characteristic of eye diseases associated with retinal cell degeneration and visual loss. Visual impairment is also the consequence of photoreceptor degeneration in inherited eye diseases with a major inflammatory component, but without angiogenic profile. Among the pathways with high impact on vascular/degenerative diseases of the eye, a central role is played by a system formed by the ligand urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor uPAR. The uPAR system, although extensively investigated in tumors, still remains a key issue in vascular diseases of the eye and even less studied in inherited retinal pathologies such as retinitis pigmantosa (RP). Its spectrum of action has been extended far beyond a classical pro-angiogenic function and has emerged as a central actor in inflammation. Preclinical studies in more prevalent eye diseases characterized by neovascular formation, as in retinopathy of prematurity, wet macular degeneration and rubeosis iridis or vasopermeability excess as in diabetic retinopathy, suggest a critical role of increased uPAR signaling indicating the potentiality of its modulation to counteract neovessel formation and microvascular dysfunction. The additional observation that the uPAR system plays a major role in RP by limiting the inflammatory cascade triggered by rod degeneration rises further questions about its role in the diseased eye.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cammalleri M, Dal Monte M, Locri F, Pecci V, De Rosa M, Pavone V, Bagnoli P. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator system as drug target in retinitis pigmentosa: New pre-clinical evidence in the rd10 mouse model. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5176-5192. [PMID: 31251468 PMCID: PMC6653070 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is characterized by progressive loss of vision due to photoreceptor degeneration leading to secondary inflammation. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system contributes to retinal inflammation, but its role in RP is unknown. In the rd10 mouse model of RP, we addressed this question with the use of the peptide UPARANT designed to interact with the uPA system. UPARANT was systemically administered from post-natal day (PD) 10 to PD30 when its efficacy in RP rescue was investigated using electroretinographic recordings, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Temporal profile of protein expression in the uPA system was also investigated. UPARANT reduced both Müller cell gliosis and up-regulated levels of inflammatory markers and exerted major anti-apoptotic effects without influencing the autophagy cascade. Rescue from retinal cell degeneration was accompanied by improved retinal function. No scotopic phototransduction was rescued in the UPARANT-treated animals as determined by the kinetic analysis of rod-mediated a-waves and confirmed by rod photoreceptor markers. In contrast, the cone photopic b-wave was recovered and its rescue was confirmed in the whole mounts using cone arrestin antibody. Investigation of the uPA system regulation over RP progression revealed extremely low levels of uPA and its receptor uPAR both of which were recovered by HIF-1α stabilization indicating that HIF-1 regulates the expression of the uPA/uPAR gene in the retina. Ameliorative effects of UPARANT were likely to occur through an inhibitory action on up-regulated activity of the αvβ3 integrin/Rac1 pathway that was suggested as a novel target for the development of therapeutic approaches against RP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Filippo Locri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Pecci
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|