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Zhao RZ, Zhang GX, Zhang WT, Yu WJ, Du L, Toledo MC, Olivera Leal IR, O'Farrill ZL, Izquierdo G. Ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis in patients from three countries: A Web-based survey. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:2975-2981. [PMID: 34939452 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211069457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the epidemiological characteristics, ophthalmological manifestations, and different therapeutic options available for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in China, Spain, and Cuba. METHODS A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a comparable descriptive cross-sectional study on patients with MS. The survey included patients' demographic data, ocular manifestations related to MS, and treatment methodology followed in the three countries. The online survey was designed using the Wenjuanxing survey platform, and a survey link was circulated through WhatsApp, WeChat, and emails. Quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for non-parametric variables. Qualitative data were expressed as numerical and percentage. The chi-square test (χ2) was used to compare the group's response categories. The statistical difference was considered significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS The female-to-male ratio in all the three countries was 2-3:1, and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) was the most frequent in all three countries. Vision loss was slow and progressive in half of the patients from the three countries, with no significant differences (p = 0.524). A higher percentage of steroid treatment was observed in Chinese patients in comparison with the patients from other two countries (p < 0.001), and a similar trend was seen in the use of traditional medicines. Almost one-third of patients who did not receive any treatment recovered spontaneously in all the three countries (p = 0.097). CONCLUSIONS MS occurs more frequently in the relapsing-remitting clinical form and there is a clear female predominance. The first ocular crisis or clinical debut of MS is characterized by slow and progressive visual impairment, increasing and adding to other ocular manifestations during its evolutionary course. Spontaneous recovery of vision after an attack of optic neuritis in the course of MS is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of PLA, 66352Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, The People of Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, 113046Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - Guo-Xun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, 105849Yan'an University, Shaanxi, The People of Republic of China.,Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Service, 222071Vithas Nisa Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Wen-Ting Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBIS (University of Seville, HUVR, Government of Andalusia, CSIC), Spain; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, 16778University of Seville, 41009, Spain
| | - Wen-Jin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital,Fourth Military Medicine University, Shaanxi, The People of Republic of China
| | - Lu Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of PLA, 66352Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, The People of Republic of China
| | | | - I R Olivera Leal
- Department of Neurology, Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - G Izquierdo
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Service, 222071Vithas Nisa Hospital, Seville, Spain
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García Ortega A, Montañez Campos FJ, Muñoz S, Sanchez-Dalmau B. Autoimmune and demyelinating optic neuritis. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2020; 95:386-395. [PMID: 32622510 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge on demyelinating and autoimmune optic neuropathies has experienced a revolution the last decade since the discovery of anti-aquaporin 4 antibody. Improvements in diagnostic techniques, and the finding of new targets, along with advances in neuro-immunology have led to the detection of antibodies related to demyelinating diseases. A review is presented on the classical and new concepts in optic neuritis. The debate on the classification of demyelinating and autoimmune optic neuritis is presented. Furthermore, the updated diagnostic criteria in multiple sclerosis and neuro-myelitis optics are described. Finally, the latest insights into Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) disorders and chronic-recurring optic neuropathies (CRION) are highlited.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García Ortega
- Servicio de Oftalmología, sección de Neuroftalmología y Estrabismos, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España.
| | - F J Montañez Campos
- Servicio de Oftalmología, sección de Neuroftalmología y Estrabismos, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España
| | - S Muñoz
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Consultora de neuroftalmología, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, España
| | - B Sanchez-Dalmau
- Unidad de Neurooftalmología. Institut Clínic d'Oftalmología (ICOF). Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
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