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Naderi Beni A, Dehghani A, Peyman M, Baghshahi S, Sattari N, Hoseinzadeh S. Evaluation of Ganglion Cell-Layer Complex and Macular Vessel Density in Amblyopic Eyes with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:66-80. [PMID: 38252490 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to compare and quantify the ganglion cell complex (GCC), macular thickness, and vessel density (VD) in amblyopic eyes and their corresponding fellow eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 32 unilateral amblyopic patients, examining both of their eyes. The study assessed parameters such as GCC thickness, macular thickness (total, inner, and outer layers), and VD in the optic nerve and macular region using spectral-domain OCTA. Results: This study analyzed data from 30 unilateral amblyopic patients with a mean age of 28.7 ± 18.3 years. Amblyopic eyes had lower mean best-corrected visual acuity compared with healthy eyes. However, no significant differences were found in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, GCC thickness, and overall retinal thickness between amblyopic and fellow eyes when accounting for factors such as axial length and signal strength index. In patients older than 30 years, amblyopic eyes had a higher global loss volume (GLV) compared with fellow eyes (p = 0.02). In addition, blood VD within the optic disc and superficial/deep capillary plexuses in different macular regions were significantly lower in amblyopic eyes compared with fellow eyes. Conclusions: This study found significant differences in VD and the GLV index between amblyopic eyes and healthy eyes, particularly in older patients. However, there were no notable differences in macular thickness and RNFL thickness. Further research is needed to determine the clinical relevance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Naderi Beni
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Dehghani
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Peyman
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Baghshahi
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Niloofar Sattari
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Safoura Hoseinzadeh
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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AttaAllah HR, Abdelaziz STA, Mohamed AAM, Ibrahiem MFK. Assessment of macular microvascular changes in children following treatment of anisometropic myopic amblyopia using optical coherence tomography angiography. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:2689-2699. [PMID: 37052667 PMCID: PMC10432315 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate macular microvascular changes in the form of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and vessel density in the superficial, deep capillary plexuses, and choriocapillaris using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in children with anisometropic myopic amblyopia before and after treatment. METHODS This prospective observational study included 32 patients younger than 12 years old with anisomyopic amblyopia. OCTA was done before patients' treatment with optical correction with or without patching and was repeated after successful amblyopia treatment. Outcomes included superficial, deep, and choriocapillaris vessel density (VD) and superficial and deep FAZ areas. RESULTS The study included 13 males (40.6%) and 19 females (59.4%), and the mean age was 9.52 ± 1.33 years. Fifty-three percent (53%) of patients needed only optical correction, and the remaining 47% needed additional patching therapy. After successful treatment, there was a significant improvement in amblyopic eyes in best-corrected visual acuity (p < 0.001), with higher VD values in superficial capillary plexuses (p < 0.001), deep capillary plexuses (p < 0.001), and foveal choriocapillaris (p = 0.030). In the glasses with patching subgroup, the difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment parameters revealed a significant improvement in vessel density in superficial retinal plexuses (foveal and parafoveal; p values 0.023 and < 0.001, respectively) and deep retinal plexuses (whole image, foveal, and parafoveal; p values 0.003, < 0.001, and 0.002, respectively). While amblyopic eyes treated with glasses alone had a significantly greater difference in choriocapillaris foveal VD (p value = 0.022). CONCLUSION After effective amblyopia treatment, amblyopic eyes exhibited improved best-corrected visual acuity and better macular perfusion along the superficial, deep vascular density, and choriocapillaris foveal VD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION CinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05223153.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Radi AttaAllah
- Ophthalmology department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Sahar Torky Abdelrazik Abdelaziz
- Ophthalmology department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
- Ophthalmology department, Minia University Hospital, Minia University, Minia, 61111, Egypt.
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3
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Rao T, Zou W, Hu X, He H, Luo W, You Z. Evaluation of retinal microcirculation alterations using OCTA in hyperopic ametropic amblyopia patients before and after treatment. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:3075-3085. [PMID: 37081133 PMCID: PMC10400672 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to compare retinal microcirculation in hyperopic ametropic amblyopia patients before and after treatment and in healthy children using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to explore the pathogenesis of hyperopic ametropic amblyopia. METHODS Eighteen patients with hyperopic ametropic amblyopia aged 4-8 years were selected as the patient group, and 18 age-matched healthy children were randomly selected as controls. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, perimeter and circularity, vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) of macular superficial retinal capillary plexus, macular thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness were compared between both groups. After 6 months of amblyopia treatment, the same parameters were measured again. RESULTS The VD and PD in the central, inner, inner nasal, and inner inferior regions in hyperopic ametropic amblyopia were lower than in the control group after adjustment for axial length. After 6 months of treatment, the VD increased significantly, except in the outer nasal and outer inferior regions. The PD in the central (p < 0.001), inner superior (p = 0.001), inner inferior (p = 0.011) and inner temporal (p = 0.026) regions increased. The FAZ perimeter and circularity significantly differed between the groups. After 6 months of treatment, the FAZ area and perimeter decreased, but circularity increased. CONCLUSION Hyperopic ametropic amblyopia eyes showed a significant decrease in vessel and perfusion densities. After amblyopia treatment, the vessel and perfusion densities of patients with hyperopic ametropic amblyopia increased, suggesting that abnormalities in the microvascular system are a pathogenic factor of amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Rao
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Zou
- Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai He
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhipeng You
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Mompart-Martínez R, Argilés M, Cardona G, Cavero-Roig L, González-Sanchís L, Pighin MS. The Relationship between Fixation Stability and Retinal Structural Parameters in Children with Anisometropic, Strabismic and Mixed Amblyopia. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1517. [PMID: 37511892 PMCID: PMC10381323 DOI: 10.3390/life13071517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Amblyopia is an ocular condition leading to structural and functional changes. The relationship between these changes is complex and remains poorly understood. (2) Methods: Participants included 31 children aged 5 to 9 years with strabismic (n = 9), anisometropic (n = 16) and mixed (n = 6) unilateral amblyopia, and 14 age-matched non-amblyopic children. The 95% and 63% Bivariate Contour Ellipse Area (BCEA), axial length, Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) area, center macular thickness and volume were assessed. The relationship between these parameters was explored. (3) Results: Statistically significant differences were found among the four groups in best corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) (p < 0.001), BCEA 95% (p = 0.002) and BCEA 63% (p = 0.002), but not in the FAZ area, central macular thickness, central macular volume and axial length. Eyes with amblyopia had poorer BCVA and larger fixation instability than controls. Inter-ocular differences were more significant in patients with strabismic amblyopia, particularly in BCVA (p = 0.003), central macular thickness (p < 0.001) and central macular volume (p = 0.002). In amblyopic eyes, BCEA 95% and 63% were correlated with BCVA, but not with the FAZ area. (4) Conclusion: Amblyopia is associated with a reduction in fixation stability and BCVA, although there is a general lack of correlation with structural changes, suggesting a complex interaction between anatomy and function in amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mompart-Martínez
- Institut Català de la Retina (ICR), 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Marc Argilés
- Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08222 Terrassa, Spain
- Center for Sensors, Instruments, and Systems Development (CD6), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Genis Cardona
- Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08222 Terrassa, Spain
- Applied Optics and Image Processing Group (GOAPI), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08222 Terrassa, Spain
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Rao T, Zou W, Hu X, He H, Luo W, You Z. Evaluation of retinal microcirculation alterations using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with hyperopia ametropic amblyopia: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33196. [PMID: 36897692 PMCID: PMC9997812 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that there are controversial findings regarding vessel density in amblyopia, we quantified retinal microcirculation using optical coherence tomography angiography and compared it between hyperopic ametropic amblyopia eyes and age-matched control eyes. This case-control study was conducted from March 2021 to March 2022 at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Both groups included 72 eyes. Foveal avascular zone area, circularity and perimeter, perfusion density and vessel density of macular superficial retinal capillary plexus, macular thickness, macular volume, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness were compared between hyperopia ametropic amblyopia eyes and age-matched control eyes. Additionally, best-corrected visual acuity, maximum corneal curvature, minimum corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth were measured. In the hyperopia ametropic amblyopia eyes and control eyes, vessel density was 7.51 ± 2.13 and 9.91 ± 2.71 mm-1 in the central, 17.20 ± 1.38 and 18.25 ± 1.37 mm-1 in the inner, and 17.90 ± 0.88 and 18.43 ± 0.97 mm-1 in the full regions, respectively. The perfusion densities were 0.17 ± 0.06 and 0.23 ± 0.07 in the central, 0.41 ± 0.05 and 0.44 ± 0.03 in the inner, and 0.44 ± 0.03 and 0.46 ± 0.02 in the full regions, respectively. The central macular thicknesses of hyperopia ametropic amblyopia and control eyes were 240.04 ± 20.11 and 235.08 ± 24.41 µm, respectively. Foveal avascular zone perimeter and circularity (P < .043 and P = .001) significantly differed between the 2 groups. Hyperopia ametropic amblyopia eyes showed lower appreciably in vessel and perfusion densities, which could be one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms of hyperopia ametropic amblyopia and provide a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Rao
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Zou
- Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai He
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhipeng You
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Araki S, Miki A, Goto K, Fujiwara A, Yamashita T, Yoneda T, Haruishi K, Ieki Y, Kiryu J, Maehara G, Yaoeda K. Changes in Choroidal Thickness and Structure Induced by 1% Atropine Instillation in Children With Hyperopic Anisometropic Amblyopia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2023; 60:39-45. [PMID: 35446189 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20220216-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of 1% atropine eye drops on the choroidal thickness and structure of amblyopic and fellow eyes in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. METHODS This study included 16 children with hypermetropic anisometropic amblyopia. All patients received 1% atropine eye drops in both eyes twice a day for 7 days. In the subfoveal choroidal region, choroidal thickness, total choroidal area, luminal area, and stromal area were measured quantitatively using swept-source optical coherence tomography. The choroidal parameters of the amblyopic and fellow eyes were compared between the baseline and atropine conditions. RESULTS There were no significant differences in all choroidal parameters of the amblyopic eye between baseline and atropine conditions. However, the subfoveal choroidal thickness in the fellow eye was significantly higher for the atropine condition than the baseline condition. This change was accompanied by a significant increase in both the luminal and stromal areas of the choroid. The median differences of subfoveal choroidal thickness between the conditions were larger for the fellow eye (6.46%) than the amblyopic eye (0.26%). CONCLUSIONS The choroidal structural change induced by 1% atropine instillation was smaller for the amblyopic eye than the fellow eye in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Mechanisms of choroidal thickness changes could be inhibited in amblyopic eyes. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2023;60(1):39-45.].
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7
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Regulatory effect of acupuncture on electrical activity level of optic cortex in amblyopia model rats. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-022-1323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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8
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OCT-Angiography Findings in Patients with Amblyopia: Comparison between Healthy Controls, Treatment-Responsive, and Treatment-Unresponsive Amblyopic Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101751. [PMID: 34679448 PMCID: PMC8534794 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no consensus on whether amblyopia affects the retinal vascular plexus and morphology. Previous studies focused on the differences between amblyopic patients and normal controls without evaluating amblyopic eyes after patching. To evaluate differences in the superficial vascular density of amblyopic eyes, normal eyes, and amblyopic eyes reaching normal BCVA after patch therapy, OCTA was used. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including visual acuity, refraction, ocular motility tests, and anterior and posterior segment examination. OCTA was performed by an expert physician using the Zeiss Cirrus 5000-HD-OCT Angioplex (Carl Zeiss, Meditec, Inc., Dublin, OH, USA). OCTA scans were performed using a 3 × 3 mm2 and 6 × 6 mm2 fovea-centered image setting. The mean outer macular vessel density in the previously amblyopic group was 19.15 ± 0.51%. This was statistically significantly higher than in both the amblyopic group (18.70 ± 1.14%) and the normal controls (18.18 ± 1.40%) (p = 0.014). The previously amblyopic group also significantly differed from both normal controls and amblyopic eyes with regards to the inner (p = 0.011), outer (p = 0.006), and full (p = 0.003) macular perfusion. Finally, linear regression analysis revealed that BCVA was linearly correlated to outer perfusion in amblyopic (p = 0.003) and ex amblyopic eyes (p < 0.001). Considering the cross-sectional nature of our study, from our results, we can only hypothesize a possible correlation between light stimulation and retinal vasculature development. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to support this hypothesis.
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9
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Zhang T, Xie S, Liu Y, Xue C, Zhang W. Effect of amblyopia treatment on macular microvasculature in children with anisometropic amblyopia using optical coherence tomographic angiography. Sci Rep 2021; 11:39. [PMID: 33420155 PMCID: PMC7794286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To measure the retinal microvascular density in patients with anisometropic amblyopia using optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) and to evaluate the effects of successful amblyopia treatment on microvasculature in retina. 59 children (5–12 years old) including 22 newly diagnosed unilateral anisometropic amblyopia, 16 recovered unilateral anisometropic amblyopia, and 21 control children were imaged with OCTA using 6 × 6-mm macular scan pattern. Vessel densities of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), the deep capillary plexus (DCP), and the overall macular thickness were acquired and compared among the three groups. After adjustment for axial length, the amblyopia group showed lower macular vessel density in the SCP (P = 0.005) and in the DCP (P = 0.004) compared with that of the control group. However, for the recovered amblyopia group, no difference of vessel density was found when compared with the control group in both the SCP (P = 0.548) and the DCP (P = 0.124). No difference of the mean macular thickness was found among three groups (P ≥ 0.15). Children with anisometropic amblyopia have reduced macular vessel density in OCTA, while no difference of macular vessel density was found between the recovered amblyopic and control eyes. Macular thickness showed no difference in anisometropic amblyopia and remained unchanged after amblyopic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyue Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University, 4 Gansu Rd, Heping Dstrict, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyong Xie
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangchen Liu
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Xue
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University, 4 Gansu Rd, Heping Dstrict, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University, 4 Gansu Rd, Heping Dstrict, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China. .,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Miller NP, Aldred B, Schmitt MA, Rokers B. Impact of Amblyopia on the Central Nervous System. J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2020; 70:182-192. [PMID: 33206009 DOI: 10.1080/2576117x.2020.1841710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Amblyopia is a common perceptual disorder resulting from abnormal visual input during development. The clinical presentation and visual deficits associated with amblyopia are well characterized. Less is known however, about amblyopia's impact on the central nervous system (CNS). While early insights into the neuropathophysiology of amblyopia have been based on findings from animal models and postmortem human studies, recent advances in noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have enabled the study of amblyopia's effects in vivo. We review recent retinal and neuroimaging research documenting amblyopia's structural and functional impact on the CNS. Clinical imaging provides some evidence for retinal and optic nerve abnormalities in amblyopic eyes, although the overall picture remains inconclusive. Neuroimaging studies report clearer changes in both structure and function of the visual pathways. In the optic nerves, optic tracts, and optic radiations of individuals with amblyopia, white-matter integrity is decreased. In the lateral geniculate nuclei, gray matter volume is decreased and neural activity is reduced. Reduced responses are also seen in the amblyopic primary visual cortex and extrastriate areas. Overall, amblyopia impacts structure and function at multiple sites along the visual processing hierarchy. Moreover, there is some evidence that amblyopia's impact on the CNS depends on its etiology, with different patterns of results for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. To clarify the impact of amblyopia on the CNS, simultaneous collection of retinal, neural, and perceptual measures should be employed. Such an approach will help (1) distinguish cause and effect of amblyopic impairments, (2) separate the impact of amblyopia from other superimposed conditions, and (3) identify the importance of amblyopic etiology to specific neural and perceptual deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.,Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi , Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Breanna Aldred
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Melanie A Schmitt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bas Rokers
- Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi , Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Liu WQ, Wang DD, Yang XX, Pan YY, Song X, Hou YS, Wang CX. Topographic distribution features of the choroidal and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in Chinese school-aged children. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1459-1466. [PMID: 32953587 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.09.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the topographic distribution features of choroidal thickness (CT) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and determine the relationship between CT and ocular parameters in school-aged children. METHODS The healthy school-aged children with low ametropia or emmetropia in Wenzhou were recruited for this cross-sectional study. With high-density optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) combined with MATLAB software, the CT and RNFLT values in the macular area were measured at different locations and compared. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between CT and ophthalmic parameters, such as spherical equivalent (SE) and the axial length (AL). RESULTS A total of 279 school-aged children with 8.00±1.35 years of mean age (range, 6-10y) were included. The mean AL was 23.66±0.86 mm. The mean CT in CT-C (264.31±48.93 µm) was thicker than that in CT-N1 (249.54±50.52 µm), and the average CT in the parafoveal region was also thicker than that in CT-N2 (235.65±50.63 µm). The subfoveal CT also varied substantially across refractive errors (P<0.001), and those with myopia (250.59±47.01 µm) exhibited a thinner choroid compared with those with emmetropia (278.74±48.06 µm). CT negatively correlated with AL (y=-21.72x+779.17; R 2=0.1458), and positively correlated with SE (y=15.76x+271.9; R 2=0.0727, OD; y=18.31x+269.8; R 2=0.1007, OS). The average RNFLT was thickest in the peripapillary region (236.35±19.03 µm), the mean RNFLT-S (131.10±15.16 µm) was thicker than the RNFLT-I (128.20±16.59 µm), and the mean RNFLT-T (76.54±11.99 µm) was thicker than the RNFLT-N (64.28±8.55 µm). The variations in the RNFLT between quadrants did differ between those with myopia and emmetropia (P<0.05). CONCLUSION We establish demographic information for the choroid and RNFLT. These findings provide information that should be considered in future analyses of the CT and RNFLT in OCT studies in school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qin Liu
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.,Optometry Academy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.,Optometry Academy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Yang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.,Optometry Academy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Pan
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.,Optometry Academy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xue Song
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.,Optometry Academy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Shan Hou
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.,Optometry Academy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen-Xiao Wang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
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