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Chen G, Zhao D, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Tian H, Tang D, Shu Q, Qiao S. Novel androgen receptor gene variant containing a frameshift mutation in a patient with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14292. [PMID: 34700362 DOI: 10.1111/and.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene are linked to androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). AIS is the most common specific cause of 46, XY disorder in sex development. Here, we reported a patient which presented as a female with 46, XY karyotype and normal female external genitalia. The patient was diagnosed with complete AIS caused by a novel mutation (NM_000044, c.2678-2726del, p. Pro893Leufs*35) in the AR gene. Targeted exome sequencing was used to detect the patient's androgen receptor gene mutations. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the mutation. This study showed that a novel mutation of the AR gene can cause complete AIS; the study also broadened the AR mutation spectrum and indicated that targeted exome sequencing could help facilitate the diagnosis of complicated disorders in sexual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Chen
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongyan Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linfeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Tian
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daxing Tang
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in patients with late whiplash syndrome who experience orofacial pain: a case-control series study. J Am Dent Assoc 2014; 144:486-90. [PMID: 23633696 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors conducted a study to compare the frequency of specific temporomandibular disorder (TMD) diagnoses in patients who had late whiplash syndrome (LWS) with that in a control group. METHODS The authors recruited 65 patients who had orofacial pain and a previous diagnosis of LWS and 65 age- and sex-matched control patients who had chronic orofacial pain without a history of whiplash injury (WI) for a case-control series study. All patients completed a questionnaire pertaining to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and underwent a clinical examination. RESULTS The authors compared the frequency of TMD diagnoses in case patients with that in control patients by using a χ(2) test; they set the α level a priori at .05. The number of patients diagnosed with myofascial pain (MP) and disk displacement with reduction (DDWR) was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P = .002 and P = .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show a higher frequency of MP and DDWR in patients with LWS than in patients with chronic orofacial pain and no history of WI. Practical Implications. Clinicians should be knowledgeable about the correlation between WI and TMD so they can inform and treat patients accurately.
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White NA, Yang KH, Begeman P, Deng B, Sundararajan S, Levine R, King AI. Motion Analysis of the Mandible during Low-Speed, Rear-End Impacts using High-Speed X-rays. STAPP CAR CRASH JOURNAL 2005; 49:67-84. [PMID: 17096269 DOI: 10.4271/2005-22-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There has been much debate over "whiplash"-induced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction following low-speed, rear-end automobile collisions. While several authors have reported TMJ injury based on case studies post collision, there has been little biomechanical evidence showing that rear-end impact was the primary cause of such injury. The purpose of this study was to measure the relative translation between the upper and lower incisors in cadavers subjected to low-speed, rearend impacts. High-speed x-ray images used for this analysis were reported previously for the analysis of cadaveric cervical spine kinematics during low-speed, rear-end impacts. The cadavers were positioned at various seatback angles and body postures, producing an overall picture of various seating scenarios. Of the 38 tests conducted using 10 cadavers, there were seven tests from three cadavers in which the positions of the upper and lower incisors could be tracked with precision using imageprocessing software. The relative protrusion, retrusion, and mouth opening were computed from these seven sets of data, providing a better understanding of TMJ motion. Based on this limited data, the average maximum protrusion, retrusion and mouth opening were 1.6+/-1.8, 1.1+/-0.7, and 1.2+/-1.2 mm, respectively. These values appear to fall within normal physiological limits experienced during daily activities such as mastication. It is concluded that low-speed, rear-end automobile collisions do not appear to create the motion required to initiate injury to the TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A White
- Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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