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Gençosmanoğlu H, Ünlüer NÖ, Akın ME, Demir P, Aydın G. An investigation of biomechanics, muscle performance, and disability level of craniocervical region of individuals with temporomandibular disorder. Cranio 2024; 42:232-242. [PMID: 34128775 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2021.1938854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate biomechanics, muscle performance, and disability of the craniocervical region in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients and compare them with controls. METHODS Craniocervical posture was evaluated using lateral photography and radiography. Range of motion, muscle performance, disability, and TMD severity were assessed using an inclinometer, Functional Strength Testing of Cervical Spine, Neck Disability Index, and Fonseca Anamnestic Index, respectively. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the TMD group demonstrated higher cervical flexion angle (p=0.005) and neck disability (p<0.001) as well as lower cervical extension (p=0.040), right cervical rotation (p=0.005), left cervical rotation (p<0.001), and tragus-C7-horizontal (p=0.048) angles, and reduced muscle performances (p≤0.001). Most patients had higher than normal craniocervical angle (p<0.001). Muscle performance in each cervical motion (p<0.005) and disability (p<0.001) were associated with TMD severity in the TMD group. CONCLUSION Biomechanics, muscle performance, and disability of craniocervical region were altered in the TMD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Gençosmanoğlu
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Avrasya University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nezehat Özgül Ünlüer
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Emre Akın
- Department of Radiology, Yenimahalle Training & Research Hospital, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pervin Demir
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülümser Aydın
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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Murtza S, Noor R, Bashir MS, Ikram M. Effects of sustained natural apophyseal glides versus rocabado 6 × 6 program in subjects with cervicogenic headache. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:169. [PMID: 38389050 PMCID: PMC10882877 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervicogenic headache is designated as the most common type of secondary headache that results from conditions affecting the neck's bony components, muscles, and intervertebral discs rather than the head itself. OBJECTIVE The purpose was to determine the effects of Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides (SNAGs) versus the Rocabado 6 × 6 program in subjects with cervicogenic headaches. METHODS This study was a randomized clinical trial. The sample size was 38, and participants aged 20-60 years (mean age 40.22 ± 9.66) suffering from cervicogenic headaches were randomly allocated using the lottery method into two groups with 19 participants in each group. Assessment of subjects was done before starting treatment and by the end of the 8th week for all the variables. Outcome measures were the Neck Disability Index (NDI), 6-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), Flexion-Rotation test (FRT) to assess the rotation range of motion at the level of C1-C2 (goniometer) and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for the intensity of pain. Data analysis was done by SPSS (IBM) 25. To check the normality of the data the Shapiro-Wilk test was used. RESULTS In the Shapiro-Wilk test p-value of all the testing variables i.e. NDI, HIT-6 score, FRT and NPRS was > 0.05, data was normally distributed and parametric tests were used. Group A showed a considerable improvement (p < 0.05) in all variables compared to Group B, while within-group analysis of both groups shows that all outcome measures show significant results (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was concluded that both SNAGs and Rocabado's 6 × 6 exercises were effective for the treatment of cervicogenic headache but the effects of headache SNAG were superior and produced more improvement in intensity of headache, disability, frequency of headache, duration of headache as compared to Rocabado 6 × 6 exercises. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05865808 on date 19/05/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Murtza
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabiya Noor
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Mehwish Ikram
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Mohamad N, de Oliveira-Souza AIS, de Castro-Carletti EM, Müggenborg F, Dennett L, McNeely ML, Armijo-Olivo S. The effectiveness of different types of acupuncture to reduce symptoms and disability for patients with orofacial pain. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38357796 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2310766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effectiveness of different types of acupuncture in reducing pain, improving maximum mouth opening and jaw functions in adults with orofacial pain. METHODS Six databases were searched until 15 June 2023. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE were employed to evaluate bias and overall evidence certainty. RESULTS Among 52 studies, 86.5% (n = 45) exhibited high risk of bias. Common acupoints, including Hegu LI 4, Jiache ST 6, and Xiaguan ST 7, were used primarily for patients with temporomandibular disorder [TMDs]. Meta-analyses indicated that acupuncture significantly reduced pain intensity in individuals with myogenous TMD (MD = 26.02 mm, I2=89%, p = 0.05), reduced tenderness in the medial pterygoid muscle (standardised mean differences [SMD] = 1.72, I2 = 0%, p < 0.00001) and jaw dysfunction (SMD = 1.62, I2 = 88%, p = 0.010) in mixed TMD when compared to sham/no treatment. However, the overall certainty of the evidence was very low for all outcomes as evaluated by GRADE. CONCLUSION The overall results in this review should be interpreted with caution as there was a high risk of bias across the majority of randomized controlled trial (RCTs), and the overall certainty of the evidence was very low. Therefore, future studies with high-quality RCTs are warranted evaluating the use of acupuncture in patients with orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norazlin Mohamad
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Physiotherapy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ana Izabela Sobral de Oliveira-Souza
- Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ester Moreira de Castro-Carletti
- Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
- Post Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba - UNIMEP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Frauke Müggenborg
- Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Liz Dennett
- Geoffrey and Robyn Sperber Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Margaret L McNeely
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Susan Armijo-Olivo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
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Xiang W, Wang M, Cai M, Li Z, Hou B, Pan X. Correlation between craniocervical posture and upper airway dimension in patients with bilateral anterior disc displacement. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024; 125:101785. [PMID: 38316212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between upper airway dimension and craniocervical posture in adult patients with bilateral anterior disc displacement and to provide some references for clinical diagnosis and plan formulation in orthodontics. METHODS Based on RDC/TMD (Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder), 98 Patients were divided into three groups by two experienced TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint) specialists: bilateral disc normal position group (BN), bilateral anterior disc displacement with reduction group (ADDWR) and bilateral anterior disc displacement without reduction group (ADDWoR). Inter-group comparison and correlation analysis were performed after 11 craniocervical posture and 15 upper airway dimension measurements finished with Dolphin and Uceph software in Two or Three-dimensional. RESULTS Anterior disc displacement often accompanied with extension of craniocervical posture, as ADDWR and ADDWoR groups have significantly higher cervical curvature and inclination than BN group (P < 0.05). Simultaneously anterior disc displacement often associated with constrained upper airway dimension for the total and each segment upper airway volume were significantly smaller in ADDWR and ADDWoR than BN group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that C0-C1 (the distance from the base of the occipital bone (C0) to the posterior arch of the atlas (C1)) is significantly related to the total and each segment upper airway volume reduction (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION There exists markedly close correlation between anterior disc displacement and craniocervical posture forward extension, which may be physiologically adaptive cervical extension to keep oropharyngeal airway unobstructed as upper airway dimension constrained by anterior disc displacement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings allow us to infer the potential consequences if the treatment of anterior disc displacement would result in an improvement of intervertebral relationships and upper airway constraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfang Xiang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Mingqin Cai
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zhihui Li
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Binjie Hou
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Ghulam HS, Alqhtani RS, Alshahrani A, Ahmed H, Khan AR, Khan A. Efficacy of cervical mobilization with post-isometric relaxation in managing mechanical neck pain, ROM, and functional limitations associated with myofascial trigger points. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36710. [PMID: 38206736 PMCID: PMC10754601 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary lifestyle, age-related degenerative changes or traumatic injuries leads to cervical spine structural mal-alignment, which results in neck pain and other symptoms. Various therapeutic exercises and manual techniques have been proven to be beneficial in terms of managing these symptoms. This study aimed to determine the combined effects of cervical mobilization and post-isometric relaxation (PIR) technique on managing neck pain, cervical side flexion range of motion, and functional limitation in participants with mechanical neck pain linked with myofascial trigger points. METHODS This study followed a 2-arm, parallel-group, pretest-posttest randomized comparative design. Thirty participants with mechanical neck pain associated with myofascial trigger points aged 30.87 ± 4.45 years were randomly allocated to Groups 1 and 2. Group 1 received conventional intervention, PIR, and cervical mobilization techniques while Group 2 received conventional intervention and PIR technique only. Neck pain, muscle tenderness, cervical range of motion, and functional limitations were assessed using a visual analog scale, pressure pain threshold (PPT), goniometer, and neck disability index (NDI) questionnaire, respectively at baseline on day 1 and post-intervention on day 7, 14, and 21. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test evaluated within-group and between-group analyses, respectively. Statistical significance was established at a 95% confidence interval, indicated by P < .05. RESULTS Significant differences (95% confidence interval [CI], P < .05) were observed within each group for all the outcomes scores when compared to the baselines across multiple time points. Significant variations were observed between the groups when comparing visual analog scale and NDI scores at weeks 1, 2, and 3 post-interventions. In contrast, insignificant differences (95% CI, P > .05) were observed for side flexion range of motion and PPT compared at weeks 1, 2, and 3 post-interventions except for PPT at week 3 post-intervention (95% CI, P < .05). Additionally, Cohen d test revealed the superiority of group 1 over group 2 in reducing pain and functional limitations and improving cervical side flexion range of motion and PPT. CONCLUSION The combination of cervical mobilization and Post-isometric relaxation techniques was discovered to effectively alleviate neck pain and enhance functional abilities when contrasted with the application of post-isometric relaxation alone in patients with mechanical neck pain linked with myofascial trigger points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Saleh Ghulam
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raee Saeed Alqhtani
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alshahrani
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashim Ahmed
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Raheem Khan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Ashfaque Khan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India
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de Holanda GA, de Holanda TA, Boscato N, Casarin M. Temporomandibular joint involvement in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis: A scoping review. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 146:105609. [PMID: 36565536 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to identify the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). DESIGN Systematic literature searches were performed on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases (up to April 2022). Studies with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) in adults with AS were included. TMJ outcomes were extracted and analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS From 527 potentially eligible studies, 22 were included. A total of 4309 individuals with AS were evaluated, aged between 18 and 80 years, being males approximately 65% of the sample. Signs and symptoms of pain, tenderness to palpation on TMJ and masticatory muscles, joint noises (i.e., clicking or crepitus), limited mouth opening, disc displacement, and radiographic changes were often observed. CONCLUSION The available evidence shows that different signs and symptoms of TMD co-occur with AS disease, with a higher prevalence of TMD observed in individuals with AS than in individuals without AS. Indeed, it seems that individuals suffering from AS disease have an increased risk of developing TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noéli Boscato
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maísa Casarin
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Sanchla AD, Shrivastav S, Bharti L, Kamble R. Comparative Evaluation and Correlation of Pain Pattern in Neck Musculature Observed in Mild, Moderate, and Severe Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Cases as Compared to Non-temporomandibular Joint Disorder Cases. Cureus 2022; 14:e30099. [PMID: 36381943 PMCID: PMC9642967 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a broad term used to describe several interlinked disorders affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscles of the craniofacial region, and associated structures, all of which have common symptoms such as pain and reduced jaw opening. Along with these, extra-craniofacial symptoms may also be present, which need to be assessed for early diagnosis of TMD. Considering the extra-craniofacial symptoms of TMD, this observational study aimed to evaluate the severity of pain in the neck musculature of patients with TMD and correlate it with the severity of the disorder. Material and methods A total of 44 patients were included in the study who were graded for severity of TMD based on the amnestic and dysfunctional components of the Helkimo index separately. The pain was evaluated bilaterally in five groups of neck muscles in all cases using manual palpation. The severity of pain in these neck muscles was then correlated with the severity of both subjective and objective symptoms of TMD and compared with patients without TMD. Results The Chi-square test revealed a statistically significant association between the severity of pain in all five groups of neck muscles and the severity of TMD. The severity of pain increased with the increasing severity of TMD, with a total of 59.09% of TMD patients presenting with varying degrees of pain in the neck musculature and a p-value of 0.0001% which was significant. Negligible pain in the neck musculature was present in patients without TMD. Conclusion Based on the results, it was observed that the severity of TMD directly correlated with pain in various groups of neck muscles. 59.09% of patients with TMD reported varying degrees of pain in the neck musculature. The severity and distribution of pain in the neck muscles increased with the increasing severity of TMD.
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Tavares LF, Gadotti IC, Carvalho BG, Fernandes APM, Padilha Silva J, Barbosa GAS, Almeida EO, Ribeiro KF. Are neck pain, disability, and deep neck flexor performance the same for the different types of temporomandibular disorders? Cranio 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35300577 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2052582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate neck pain, disability, and deep neck flexor (DNF) performance of individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). METHODS Eighty individuals were divided into the following: arthrogenic TMD (n = 40), myogenic TMD (n = 12), and mixed TMD (n = 28). Neck pain intensity, neck disability, and DNF performance were evaluated. RESULTS Individuals with arthrogenic TMD reported lower intensity of neck pain when compared to mixed TMD (p = 0.01). Individuals with arthrogenic TMD had less neck disability than individuals with myogenic TMD (p = 0.037) and mixed TMD (p < 0.001). A moderate positive correlation was found between neck pain and neck disability (p < 0.001). No differences were found for DNF performance. CONCLUSION Neck pain and disability differs according to subtype of TMD, but performance of the deep neck flexors does not. Neck pain intensity and neck disability were correlated in patients with TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Tavares
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Inae Caroline Gadotti
- Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Jade Padilha Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Gao D, Zhang S, Kan H, Zhang Q. Relationship between cervical angle and temporomandibular disorders in young and middle-aged population. Cranio 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35289245 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2049544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and cervical angles in a young and middle-aged population. METHODS Ninety participants were included, 45 of whom had TMDs. The participants were diagnosed according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs. Lateral cervical radiographs were taken, and relevant cervical angles were measured. The general characteristics of the TMD group and control group were analyzed using chi-square analysis, and the relationship between cervical angles and TMDs was evaluated using the unpaired t-test. RESULTS The decrease in C2-C7 Cobb and increase in the posterior occipitocervical angle (POCA) were associated with the incidence of TMDs (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study revealed that the cervical angle was related to TMDs. People with a long-time habit of head bending posture had a decrease in C2-C7 Cobb and an increase in the POCA. This group of people was more likely to develop TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Gao
- Department of Pain Management, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Houming Kan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, JS, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pain Management, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, JS, China
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Cuenca-Martínez F, Herranz-Gómez A, Madroñero-Miguel B, Reina-Varona Á, La Touche R, Angulo-Díaz-Parreño S, Pardo-Montero J, del Corral T, López-de-Uralde-Villanueva I. Craniocervical and Cervical Spine Features of Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2806. [PMID: 32872670 PMCID: PMC7565821 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess neck disability with respect to jaw disability, craniocervical position, cervical alignment, and sensorimotor impairments in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies trials were conducted. The meta-analysis showed statistically significant differences in the association between neck disability and jaw disability (standardized mean difference (SMD), 0.72 (0.56-0.82)). However, results showed no significant differences for cervical alignment (SMD, 0.02 (-0.31-0.36)) or for the craniocervical position (SMD, -0.09 (-0.27-0.09)). There was moderate evidence for lower pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and for limited cervical range of motion (ROM). There was limited evidence for equal values for maximal strength between the patients with TMD and controls. There was also limited evidence for reduced cervical endurance and conflicting evidence for abnormal electromyographic (EMG) activity and motor control in TMD patients. Results showed a clinically relevant association between cervical and mandibular disability in patients with TMD. Regarding sensory-motor alterations, the most conclusive findings were observed in the reduction of PPT and cervical ROM, with moderate evidence of their presence in the patients with TMD. Lastly, the evidence on impaired motor control and cervical EMG activity in patients with TMD was conflicting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Cuenca-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain; (F.C.-M.); (A.H.-G.); (B.M.-M.); (Á.R.-V.); (J.P.-M.); (T.d.C.)
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.-D.-P.); (I.L.-d.-U.-V.)
| | - Aida Herranz-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain; (F.C.-M.); (A.H.-G.); (B.M.-M.); (Á.R.-V.); (J.P.-M.); (T.d.C.)
| | - Beatriz Madroñero-Miguel
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain; (F.C.-M.); (A.H.-G.); (B.M.-M.); (Á.R.-V.); (J.P.-M.); (T.d.C.)
| | - Álvaro Reina-Varona
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain; (F.C.-M.); (A.H.-G.); (B.M.-M.); (Á.R.-V.); (J.P.-M.); (T.d.C.)
| | - Roy La Touche
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain; (F.C.-M.); (A.H.-G.); (B.M.-M.); (Á.R.-V.); (J.P.-M.); (T.d.C.)
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.-D.-P.); (I.L.-d.-U.-V.)
- Instituto de Neurociencia y Dolor Craneofacial (INDCRAN), 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Angulo-Díaz-Parreño
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.-D.-P.); (I.L.-d.-U.-V.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Pardo-Montero
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain; (F.C.-M.); (A.H.-G.); (B.M.-M.); (Á.R.-V.); (J.P.-M.); (T.d.C.)
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.-D.-P.); (I.L.-d.-U.-V.)
- Instituto de Neurociencia y Dolor Craneofacial (INDCRAN), 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara del Corral
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain; (F.C.-M.); (A.H.-G.); (B.M.-M.); (Á.R.-V.); (J.P.-M.); (T.d.C.)
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.-D.-P.); (I.L.-d.-U.-V.)
| | - Ibai López-de-Uralde-Villanueva
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.-D.-P.); (I.L.-d.-U.-V.)
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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