1
|
More KR, Hayes NL, Phillips LA. Contrasting constructs or continuum? Examining the dimensionality of body appreciation and body dissatisfaction. Psychol Health 2024; 39:336-357. [PMID: 35361011 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2055025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Individuals experiencing body dissatisfaction have poorer health outcomes in part due to engaging in less physical activity. Body appreciation is protective of health behaviors and proposed to be conceptually different from body dissatisfaction. Two studies evaluated whether body appreciation and dissatisfaction represented two distinct dimensions, and whether body appreciation and dissatisfaction would interact in their effect on activity-related motivation and behavior. Study 1 (n = 313) was prospective and utilized a self-report measure of physical activity whereas Study 2 (n = 123) was prospective and used an objective measure. All hypotheses and analyses were pre-registered. A multiverse approach was taken to demonstrate the robustness of results. In exploratory factor analyses, body appreciation and dissatisfaction did not represent two distinct dimensions of body image as both loaded onto the same factor. This result was largely supported by latent profile analyses, which revealed that participants scored high, moderate, or low on both body satisfaction and appreciation. Additionally, body appreciation did not buffer the negative impact of body dissatisfaction on activity-related motivation and behavior. This study provides the first statistical evaluation of the theoretical proposition that body appreciation and dissatisfaction may be distinct constructs with distinct relationships to outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R More
- Department of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Nicole L Hayes
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharp G, Bilal M, Fernando AN, de Boer K. Examining health professional perspectives on social media body image movements: A qualitative exploration. Body Image 2023; 46:230-237. [PMID: 37364499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
There has been a lack of investigation into the understanding of social media body image movements from the healthcare perspective. Health professionals can have a strong influence on how their patients relate to their own bodies, including experiences of weight-based discrimination. This study examined the perspectives of health professionals on body image social media movements and whether they believed they were relevant to their professional practice. This study recruited 30 medical and allied health professionals to participate in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to generate common themes across the data. Overall, participants identified benefits associated with body positivity online content, but expressed concerns for the health status of influencers with larger bodies and that overall, the pro-anorexia movement was harmful. Despite having limited understanding and exposure to the body neutrality movement, participants generally preferred it over body positivity. Finally, participants stated that they believed that these movements were relevant to their practice, yet were rarely discussed in consults. These findings suggest there is a lack of body image-based discussions despite the relevance to patient health across multiple domains. This indicates that health professionals may benefit from social media literacy training to support thorough assessment and treatment of their patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sharp
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Maria Bilal
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Kathleen de Boer
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Doley JR, McLean SA. Engagement with body image health promotion videos in adult men and women: differences between narrative, informational, and persuasive appeal approaches. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:86. [PMID: 36991488 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body dissatisfaction is a public health issue, however, low awareness of its seriousness, and stigma, may inhibit treatment seeking. The current study evaluated engagement with videos promoting awareness of body dissatisfaction using a persuasive communication approach. METHOD Men (n = 283) and women (n = 290) were randomly allocated to view one of five videos; (1) Narrative, (2) Narrative plus persuasive appeal, (3) Informational, (4) Informational plus persuasive appeal and (5) Persuasive appeal only. Engagement (relevance, interest, and compassion) was examined post-viewing. RESULTS Among both men and women, superior engagement ratings (in compassion for women, and relevance and compassion for men) were demonstrated for the persuasive appeal and informational videos relative to narrative approaches. CONCLUSION Videos using clear and factual approaches may promote engagement in body image health promotion videos. Further work should be done to examine interest in such videos specific to men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo R Doley
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
| | - Siân A McLean
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
La Marra M, Messina A, Ilardi CR, Staiano M, Di Maio G, Messina G, Polito R, Valenzano A, Cibelli G, Monda V, Chieffi S, Iavarone A, Villano I. Factorial Model of Obese Adolescents: The Role of Body Image Concerns and Selective Depersonalization-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11501. [PMID: 36141782 PMCID: PMC9517425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship binding body weight to psychological well-being is unclear. The present study aims at identifying the contribution, and specificity, of some dimensions (i.e., eating-related symptoms, body image disorders, eating habits, personality traits, and emotional difficulties) characterizing the psychological profile of obese adolescents (749 participants, 325 females; 58.3% normal-weight, 29.9% overweight, and 11.7% obese; mean age = 16.05, SD = 0.82). METHODS By introducing the scores obtained by standardized self-report tools into a generalized linear model, a factorial reduction design was used to detect the best fitting discriminant functions and the principal components explaining the higher proportion of the variance. RESULTS We found two discriminant functions correctly classifying 87.1% of normal-weight, 57.2% of overweight, and 68.2% of obese adolescents. Furthermore, two independent factors, explaining 69.68% of the total variance, emerged. CONCLUSIONS The first factor, "Body Image Concerns", included the drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and interpersonal distrust. The second factor, "Selective Depersonalization", included a trend toward depersonalization and dissatisfaction with the torso. The neurophysiological implications of our findings will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Staiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Iavarone
- Neurological Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN “Ospedali dei Colli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
La Marra M, Ilardi CR, Villano I, Polito R, Sibillo MR, Franchetti M, Caggiano A, Strangio F, Messina G, Monda V, Di Maio G, Messina A. Higher general executive functions predicts lower body mass index by mitigating avoidance behaviors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1048363. [PMID: 36440204 PMCID: PMC9681800 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1048363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examines the relationship between obesity, executive functions, and body image in a nonclinical population from southern Italy. METHODS General executive functioning (Frontal Assessment Battery-15), and body image disturbances (Body Uneasiness Test) were assessed in a sample including 255 participants (138 females, M age = 43.51 years, SD = 17.94, range = 18-86 years; M body mass index (BMI) = 26.21, SD = 4.32, range = 18.03-38.79). FINDINGS Multiple Linear Regression Analysis indicated that age, years of education, FAB15 score, body image concerns, and avoidance predicted the variance of BMI. A subsequent mediation analysis highlighted that the indirect effect of FAB15 on BMI through avoidance was statistically significant. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that more performing executive functioning predicts a decrease in BMI that is partially due to the mitigation of avoidance behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ines Villano,
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Raffella Sibillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Franchetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Caggiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Strangio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effectiveness of a complex psychosocial intervention to reduce metabolic syndrome in psychiatric outpatients with severe/persistent mental illness. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:9915-9924. [PMID: 34539154 PMCID: PMC8435195 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among individuals with severe mental illness is considerably higher than in the general population, contributing to the 15–20-year shorter life expectancy of this client population. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel, complex psychosocial program to reduce metabolic syndrome. Members of both the intervention (n = 78) and control (n = 31) group were psychiatric outpatients with severe/persistent mental illness struggling with one or more symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Beyond the default elements of similar programs such as diet and exercise, the intervention covered medication use, sleep hygiene, stress management, as well as addressing spiritual needs, mindfulness, addictions, and self-care. Assessment of metabolic indicators were completed at baseline, at the end of the 11-week intervention, and 6 months post-intervention. The trajectory of change over time was significantly more favorable in the treatment than in the control group in terms of waist circumference (p = 0.013, η2 = 0.093) and a positive trend emerged in relation to blood glucose level (p = 0.082, η2 = 0.057). However, no statistically reliable difference was observed between the intervention and the control group regarding the other outcome variables (body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride level, serum HDL cholesterol level, overall metabolic syndrome severity). These findings suggest that to produce more robust benefits, psychosocial interventions targeting the metabolic health of individuals with complex mental health needs should be either longer in duration if resources permit or narrower in focus (diet and exercise mainly) if resources are scarce.
Collapse
|
7
|
More KR, Phillips LA. The influence of body dissatisfaction on cardiovascular and strength-based physical activity by gender: a self-determination theory approach. Psychol Health 2019; 34:1437-1450. [PMID: 31161813 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1614587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity-or lack thereof-is one behaviour that may help explain why individuals who are dissatisfied with their bodies experience poor health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of behavioural regulations (i.e., autonomous and controlled) in the relation between body dissatisfaction and physical activity and to determine whether this mediated relationship was moderated by gender. Additionally, this relation was examined for both cardiovascular and strength-based physical activity. DESIGN A two-week daily-diary study was conducted. MEASURES The Body Shape Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire - 3, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to test the main hypotheses. RESULTS For men and women, body dissatisfaction was related to less frequent cardiovascular and strength-based activity due to lower levels of intrinsic regulation. In women, the relation between body dissatisfaction and activity (cardiovascular and strength-based) was partially mediated by controlled regulations (i.e., external and introjected). That is, women who were dissatisfied exercised more because they were more likely to feel that they had to appease others or themselves. CONCLUSION The present study provides direction for targeting physical activity behaviours in college students who are dissatisfied with their bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R More
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
More KR, Phillips LA, Eisenberg Colman MH. Evaluating the potential roles of body dissatisfaction in exercise avoidance. Body Image 2019; 28:110-114. [PMID: 30654275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction is linked to poor physical health, even after actual markers of health have been controlled for. This link is likely due to body dissatisfaction influencing health behaviors-more specifically, cardiovascular exercise. Modifiable reasons for this link have yet to be determined. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate whether active avoidance of exercise may explain the association of body dissatisfaction with exercise, and, if so, whether perceived barriers to exercise account for the association of body dissatisfaction and exercise avoidance. Baseline measures were collected via survey; physical activity was measured over time, via self-report. As expected, avoidance mediated the prospective relationship between dissatisfaction and exercise. Additionally, the relationship between body dissatisfaction and avoidance was mediated by embarrassment and fatigue. Interventions that boost body satisfaction and/or address perceptions of fatigue and embarrassment may be needed for individuals with body dissatisfaction to be more likely to participate in exercise-related programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R More
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - L Alison Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Miriam H Eisenberg Colman
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Černelič-Bizjak M. Changes in body image during a 6-month lifestyle behaviour intervention in a sample of overweight and obese individuals. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2019; 23:515-520. [PMID: 31563364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with long-term chronic body image dissatisfaction may experience excessive stress and negative cognitions and feelings. Changes in negative cognition about body image are often reported as outcomes of obesity treatment. In turn, body image dissatisfaction also influences behavioural adherence and success in weight loss. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to elucidate psychological changes during 6 months of lifestyle behaviour intervention and the association of these changes with actual weight loss. METHODS The study examined associations between body image dissatisfaction and obesity treatment-related variables among 33 overweight and obese adults (age = 38.9 ± 6.5 years) participating in a 6-month diet and exercise weight loss intervention. Measurements of body image dissatisfaction and anthropometric variables were taken at baseline and after 6-months. DISCUSSION Significant improvements were observed in all physical variables (e.g. weight, percentage of body fat mass, waist and hip circumference) after intervention. Body image dissatisfaction improved significantly over the treatment, and these changes were associated with changes in obesity indicators. CONCLUSIONS Changes in weight and body image probably influence each other dynamically. Results from this study support the inclusion of cognitive intervention aimed at improving body image in weight management programs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Perdue TO, Schreier A, Neil J, Carels R, Swanson M. A Concept Analysis of Disturbed Body Image in Bariatric Surgery Patients. Int J Nurs Knowl 2018; 31:74-81. [PMID: 30040231 DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article describes the concept of disturbed body image in bariatric surgery patients. METHOD Walker and Avant's (2011) method of concept analysis is used in this study. FINDINGS After bariatric surgery, the patient's body may change more rapidly than their allocentric ("inside, lived") view of themselves, leading to physical and psychosocial sequelae. CONCLUSION If not prepared physically and psychologically for body image challenges after bariatric surgery, patients may experience disturbed body image in the postoperative phase. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Understanding the concept of disturbed body image in postoperative bariatric surgery patients may allow health providers to provide preoperative teaching and preparation, as well as postoperative interventions to create congruence between the patient's internal and external selves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara O Perdue
- Metabolic Surgery Research Group, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Ann Schreier
- Professor in College of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Janice Neil
- Associate Professor in College of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Robert Carels
- Professor in the Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Melvin Swanson
- Professor in the College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roomruangwong C, Kanchanatawan B, Carvalho AF, Sirivichayakul S, Duleu S, Geffard M, Maes M. Body image dissatisfaction in pregnant and non-pregnant females is strongly predicted by immune activation and mucosa-derived activation of the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:200-209. [PMID: 27427239 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1213881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to delineate the associations between body image dissatisfaction in pregnant women and immune-inflammatory biomarkers, i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP), zinc and IgA/IgM responses to tryptophan and tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs). METHODS We assessed 49 pregnant and 24 non-pregnant females and assessed Body Image Satisfaction (BIS) scores at the end of term (T1), and 2-4 days (T2) and 4-6 weeks (T3) after delivery. Subjects were divided in those with a lowered BIS score (≤ 3) versus those with a higher score. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that a lowered T1 BIS score was predicted by CRP levels and IgA responses to tryptophan (negative) and TRYCATs (positive), perinatal depression, body mass index (BMI) and age. The sum of quinolinic acid, kynurenine, 3-OH-kynurenine and 3-OH-anthranilic acid (reflecting brain quinolinic acid contents) was the single best predictor. In addition, a large part of the variance in the T1, T2 and T3 BIS scores was explained by IgA responses to tryptophan and TRYCATs, especially quinolinic acid. CONCLUSIONS Body image dissatisfaction is strongly associated with inflammation and mucosa-derived IDO activation independently from depression, pregnancy, BMI and age. IgA responses to peripheral TRYCATs, which determine brain quinolinic acid concentrations, also predict body image dissatisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Roomruangwong
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Buranee Kanchanatawan
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - André F Carvalho
- b Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , CE , Brazil
| | | | | | - Michel Geffard
- e GEMAC , Saint Jean d'Illac , France.,f IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand.,b Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , CE , Brazil.,g Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , State University of Londrina , Londrina , Brazil.,h Revitalis , Waalre , The Netherlands.,i Department of Psychiatry , Medical University of Plovdiv , Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee K, Dale J, Guy A, Wolke D. Bullying and negative appearance feedback among adolescents: Is it objective or misperceived weight that matters? J Adolesc 2017; 63:118-128. [PMID: 29289824 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated (1) whether involvement in bullying as a bully, victim or bully-victim was associated with objectively measured overweight or underweight, or whether it was related to weight misperception (i.e., inaccurate perceptions), and (2) whether appearance-specific feedback mediated the relationship between bullying and weight misperception. In Stage 1, 2782 adolescents aged 11-16 years from British secondary schools were screened for peer bullying and victimisation. In Stage 2, 411 adolescents with weight and height data (objective n = 319, self-report n = 92) also self-reported on their weight perception and appearance-specific feedback. Neither bullying nor victimisation were related to objective underweight or overweight. Victims were at increased odds of overweight misperception, while bully-victims were at increased odds of underweight misperception. Additionally, there was an indirect effect of appearance feedback on overweight misperception in bully-victims. Both victims and bully-victims are at increased risk of weight misperception, posing further detrimental effects to their health and wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeremy Dale
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexa Guy
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Scarpina F, Cau N, Cimolin V, Galli M, Castelnuovo G, Priano L, Pianta L, Corti S, Mauro A, Capodaglio P. Body-scaled action in obesity during locomotion: Insights on the nature and extent of body representation disturbances. J Psychosom Res 2017; 102:34-40. [PMID: 28992895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conscious perception of our own body, also known as body image, can influence body-scaled actions. Certain conditions such as obesity are frequently accompanied by a negative body image, leaving open the question if body-scaled actions are distorted in these individuals. METHODS To shed light on this issue, we asked individuals affected by obesity to process dimensions of their own body in a real action: they walked in a straight-ahead direction, while avoiding collision with obstacles represented by door-like openings that varied in width. RESULTS Participants affected by obesity showed a body rotation behavior similar to that of the healthy weighted, but differences emerged in parameters such as step length and velocity. CONCLUSION When participants with obesity walk through door-like openings, their body parts rotation is scaled according to their physical body dimensions; however, they might try to minimize risk of collision. Our study is in line with the hypothesis that unconscious body-scaled actions are related to emotional, cognitive and perceptual components of a negative body image.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scarpina
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy.
| | - Nicola Cau
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Cimolin
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Galli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS "San Raffaele Pisana", Tosinvest Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy; Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Priano
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neuro-Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy
| | - Lucia Pianta
- Division of Neurology and Neuro-Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy; Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Orthopedic Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauro
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neuro-Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Orthopedic Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Černelič-Bizjak M, Jenko-Pražnikar Z. Body dissatisfaction predicts inflammatory status in asymptomatic healthy individuals. J Health Psychol 2017; 23:25-35. [PMID: 28810361 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316672923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction may play some role in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases. This study examined relations between body dissatisfaction and circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and anti-inflammatory adiponectin, and to explore positive changes in relevant lifestyle behaviour after these associations. A total of 33 asymptomatic overweight men and women were evaluated at the baseline and after a 6-month lifestyle behaviour intervention. Body dissatisfaction emerged as an important predictor of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers and may promote the production of inflammatory cytokines by reducing the level of anti-inflammatory and increasing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ramseyer Winter V, O'Neill EA, Omary A. Exploring Relationships between Body Appreciation and Self-Reported Physical Health among Young Women. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2017; 42:e62-e67. [PMID: 28339944 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlx006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Body image, a multidimensional construct, affects women in myriad ways. Existing scholarship has established a relationship between body image and negative mental and sexual health outcomes and suggests that it may also be related to physical health outcomes. The purpose of the study reported in this article was to explore relationships between body appreciation, a multidimensional measure of body image, and self-perceived physical health among a sample of emerging adult women (N = 399). In this sample, body appreciation was positively and significantly related to self-perceived physical health. This study contributes to a growing body of literature on the consequences of body image among women and can be used to inform interventions aimed at improving the well-being of women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Ramseyer Winter
- School of Social Work, University of Missouri, 705 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211. School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence. School of Social Work, University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Elizabeth A O'Neill
- School of Social Work, University of Missouri, 705 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211. School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence. School of Social Work, University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Areen Omary
- School of Social Work, University of Missouri, 705 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211. School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence. School of Social Work, University of Missouri, Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee K, Guy A, Dale J, Wolke D. Does psychological functioning mediate the relationship between bullying involvement and weight loss preoccupation in adolescents? A two-stage cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:38. [PMID: 28340581 PMCID: PMC5364676 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent bullying is associated with a range of adversities for those who are bullied i.e., victims and bully-victims (e.g., those who bully others and get victimised), including reduced psychological functioning and eating disorder symptoms. Bullies are generally well-adjusted psychologically, but previous research suggests that bullies may also engage in problematic diet behaviours. This study investigates a) whether adolescents involved in bullying (bullies, victims, bully-victims) are at increased risk of weight loss preoccupation, b) whether psychological functioning mediates this relationship and c) whether sex is a key moderator. Method A two-stage design was used. In stage 1, adolescents (n = 2782) from five UK secondary schools were screened for bullying involvement using self and peer reports. In stage 2, a sample of bullies, victims, bully-victims and uninvolved adolescents (n = 767) completed a battery of assessments. The measures included the eating behaviours component of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment, which was reduced to one factor (weight loss preoccupation) and used as the outcome variable. Measures of self-esteem, body-esteem and emotional problems were reduced to a latent (mediator) variable of psychological functioning. Multi-group analysis examined the effects of sex and all models were adjusted for covariates (BMI, pubertal stage, age, parental education and ethnicity). Results Bullies, victims and bully-victims were at increased risk of weight loss preoccupation compared to adolescents uninvolved in bullying. The mechanism by which bullying involvement related to increased weight loss preoccupation varied by bullying role: in bullies the effect was direct, in victims the effect was indirect (via reduced psychological functioning) and in bully-victims the effect was both direct and indirect. Sex significantly moderated the relationship in bullies: weight loss preoccupation was only statistically significant in bullies who were boys. Conclusion Bullying involvement during adolescence is associated with weight loss preoccupation. Bullies are likely driven by a desire to increase attractiveness and social status; whereas weight loss preoccupation in bullied adolescents may have maladaptive influences on diet and exercise behaviours due to its association with reduced psychological functioning. Future research should consider peer victimisation as a potential modifiable risk factor for reduced psychological functioning and weight loss preoccupation, which if targeted, may help to prevent maladaptive diet and exercise behaviours. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0491-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alexa Guy
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jeremy Dale
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. .,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meadows A, Daníelsdóttir S. What's in a Word? On Weight Stigma and Terminology. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1527. [PMID: 27761122 PMCID: PMC5051141 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Meadows
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Látos M, Devecsery Á, Lázár G, Horváth Z, Szederkényi E, Szenohradszky P, Csabai M. The role of body image integrity and posttraumatic growth in kidney transplantation: A 3-year longitudinal study. Health Psychol Open 2015; 2:2055102915581214. [PMID: 28070354 PMCID: PMC5193251 DOI: 10.1177/2055102915581214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the role of body image, posttraumatic growth, and emotional state in recovery after transplantation. A total of 53 kidney transplant patients were assessed using our Self-Test and Organ Drawing Test, the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory in a 3-year follow-up. Logistic regression analysis showed that lower levels of integrity of the body image and posttraumatic growth, and higher pre-discharge serum creatinine levels were significant predictors of graft rejection. Our results suggest that the integrity of the body image and posttraumatic growth might contribute to better health outcomes in organ transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Látos
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - György Lázár
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Márta Csabai
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Metabolic syndrome and discrepancy between actual and self-identified good weight: Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Body Image 2015; 13:28-32. [PMID: 25544742 PMCID: PMC4369442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether the discrepancy between measured and self-identified good weight (weight discrepancy) predicts metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). This study included 6,413 participants enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (mean follow-up: 4.8±3.8 years). Weight discrepancy was defined as measured weight minus self-identified good weight. MetSyn was defined using standard definitions. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for incident MetSyn, by weight discrepancy category, were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. The multivariable-adjusted HR for MetSyn was 3.48 (95% CI=2.48-4.86) for those who maintained higher weight discrepancy over time compared to individuals with lower weight discrepancy. Additional adjustment for body mass index did not change this interpretation (HR=3.44; 95% CI=2.46-4.82). Weight discrepancy may be a useful screening characteristic and target for future interventions to further reduce the risk of chronic weight-related disorders, included MetSyn.
Collapse
|
20
|
Scarpina F, Castelnuovo G, Molinari E. Tactile mental body parts representation in obesity. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:960-9. [PMID: 25312390 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obese people׳s distortions in visually-based mental body-parts representations have been reported in previous studies, but other sensory modalities have largely been neglected. In the present study, we investigated possible differences in tactilely-based body-parts representation between an obese and a healthy-weight group; additionally we explore the possible relationship between the tactile- and the visually-based body representation. Participants were asked to estimate the distance between two tactile stimuli that were simultaneously administered on the arm or on the abdomen, in the absence of visual input. The visually-based body-parts representation was investigated by a visual imagery method in which subjects were instructed to compare the horizontal extension of body part pairs. According to the results, the obese participants overestimated the size of the tactilely-perceived distances more than the healthy-weight group when the arm, and not the abdomen, was stimulated. Moreover, they reported a lower level of accuracy than did the healthy-weight group when estimating horizontal distances relative to their bodies, confirming an inappropriate visually-based mental body representation. Our results imply that body representation disturbance in obese people is not limited to the visual mental domain, but it spreads to the tactilely perceived distances. The inaccuracy was not a generalized tendency but was body-part related.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scarpina
- Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy.
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy; Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Molinari
- Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy; Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pauls RN. We are the correct physicians to treat women requesting labiaplasty. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 211:218-218.e1. [PMID: 25168065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Pauls
- Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Women's Center for Specialized Care, TriHealth Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| |
Collapse
|