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Predatu P, David D, Kirsch I, Florean S, Predatu R. Reciprocal relationships between positive expectancies and positive emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-lagged panel study. Psychol Health 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38616530 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2341874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research highlighted the importance of investigating distinct protective factors that predict the experience of positive emotions during stressful situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In this longitudinal study, we specifically focused on positive expectancies towards the future (optimism, response expectancy, and response hope) in relation to the experience of positive emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our primary objectives were to identify the best predictors for experiencing short-term and long-term positive emotions and investigate their interrelationships. METHODS Data from 271 participants (average age = 29.2 years, 84.7% female) were analyzed using four cross-lagged models. RESULTS Results showed that response expectancy was the best predictor for experiencing positive emotions in the short term, while optimism was the best predictor for experiencing positive emotions in the long term. Additionally, through further exploratory analysis, multiple bidirectional relationships were identified between positive expectancies and positive emotions. DISCUSSION Our results highlight the significant role played by positive expectancies in predicting the experience of positive emotions. Specifically, dispositional optimism emerged as a stronger predictor of longer-term positive emotions, whereas response expectancy proved to be a better predictor of shorter-term positive emotions. Thus, interventions targeting positive expectancies have the potential to enhance emotional functioning in individuals during challenging situations like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronela Predatu
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Evidence Based Psychological Assessment and Interventions Doctoral School, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel David
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irving Kirsch
- Program in Placebo Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stelian Florean
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Răzvan Predatu
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Cilli E, Guerra F, Ranieri J, Brancati F, Di Giacomo D. Patient perspective in perceived comparative genetic mutation risk: An exploratory review. Clin Genet 2024; 105:355-363. [PMID: 38339844 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The genetic risk of chronic diseases represents a complex medical setting in which individuals need to adapt to health conditions that manage daily living towards to healthy behaviours. This exploratory review focused on psychological counselling for genetic risk diagnosis. This study aimed to address the psychological management of the impact of genetic risk on chronic diseases. We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scopus for articles from May 2012 to August 2023. A descriptive analysis of the characteristics of the included studies was conducted. Based on the exclusion/inclusion criteria, the literature search yielded 250 studies. Seventeen full texts were assessed for eligibility and 207 articles were excluded. Observational (n = 15) and randomised clinical trials (n = 2) were examined. Most studies have been conducted on oncological diagnoses; the emotional dimensions examined have been worry, depression, anxiety and stress in most diseases. Psychological measures are based on self-reports and questionnaires; few studies have investigated the connections between quality of life, psychological traits and emotional dimensions. The complexity of clinics and from daily diagnostic and treatment practices to the everyday experience of those living with the risk of disease might be addressed in counselling settings to improve quality of life in genetic risk, increasing mental adaptation to tailored chronic conditions. Thus, the empowerment of communication of genetic risk information should be part of the general trend towards personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cilli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Federica Guerra
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jessica Ranieri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Human Genetics, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Dina Di Giacomo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Grunberg VA, Bakhshaie J, Manglani H, Hooker J, Rochon EA, Vranceanu AM. Mindfulness, coping, and optimism as mechanisms of change in the 3RP-NF intervention. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:456-470. [PMID: 38009710 PMCID: PMC10896554 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurofibromatosis (NF) is chronic neurogenetic condition that increases risk for poor quality of life, depression, and anxiety. Given the lack of biomedical treatments, we developed the "Relaxation Response Resiliency for NF" (3RP-NF) program to improve psychosocial outcomes among adults with NF. OBJECTIVE To move toward effectiveness testing, we must understand mechanisms that explained treatment effects. We tested whether our hypothesized mechanisms of change-mindfulness, coping, and optimism-mediated improvements in quality of life, depression, and anxiety among adults in the 3RP-NF program (N = 114; ages 18-70; 72.80% female; 81.58% White). METHODS We conducted mixed-effects models to assess whether these mechanisms uniquely mediated outcomes. RESULTS Improvements in quality of life were most explained by coping, (b = 0.97, SE = 0.28, CI [0.45, 1.56]), followed by mindfulness (b = 0.46, SE = 0.17, CI [0.15, 0.82]) and optimism (b = 0.39, SE = 0.12, CI [0.17, 0.65]). Improvements in depression and anxiety were most explained by mindfulness (b = -1.52, SE = 0.38, CI [-2.32, -0.85], CSIE = -0.26; b = -1.29, SE = 0.35, CI [-2.04, -0.67], CSIE = -0.23), followed by optimism (b = 0.39, SE = 0.12, CI [0.17, 0.65]; b = -0.49, SE = 0.20, CI [-0.91, -0.13]), but were not explained by coping (b = 0.22, SE = 0.43, CI [-0.62, 1.07]; b = 0.06, SE = 0.46, CI [-0.84, 0.97]), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Targeting mindfulness, coping, and optimism in psychosocial interventions may be a promising way to improve the lives of adults with NF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Grunberg
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, MassGeneral for Children, Boston, MA
| | - Jafar Bakhshaie
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Heena Manglani
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Julia Hooker
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth A. Rochon
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ana-Maria Vranceanu
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Helmert C, Speerforck S, Fleischer T, Otten D, Kasinger C, Brähler E, Muehlan H, Altweck L, Hahm S, Schmidt S, Reusche M, Glaesmer H, Hinz A, Reyes N, Wirkner K, Engel C, Schomerus G, Ulke C. Explorative analyses on spatial differences in the desire for social distance toward people with mental illness in a diverging city. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1260118. [PMID: 38026313 PMCID: PMC10665488 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1260118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stigma is an individual and societal process based on attitudes and power and relates to both spatial disparities and social distinction. In this study, we examined differences in desire for social distance toward people with mental illness within a city using social and spatial information. Methods ANOVAs and Scheffé post-hoc tests analyzed varying desires for social distance toward people with mental illness within Leipzig (East Germany). Joint Correspondence Analyses (JCA) explored correspondences between desire for social distance, socio-economic status, age, life orientation, social support, duration of living in Leipzig, and shame toward having a mental illness in five city districts of Leipzig in LIFE study participants (by Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Disease, data collected 2011-2014 and 2018-2021, n = 521). Results Stigma varied among Leipzig's districts (F(df = 4) = 4.52, p = 0.001). JCAs showed that a higher desired social distance toward people with mental illness corresponded with spatial differences, high levels of pessimism, high shame of being mentally ill, low social support, low socio-economic status, and older age (75.74 and 81.22% explained variances). Conclusion In terms of stigma, where people with mental illness live matters. The results identified target groups that should be addressed by appropriate intervention and prevention strategies for mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Helmert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Speerforck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toni Fleischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Danielle Otten
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Kasinger
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Muehlan
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laura Altweck
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahm
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silke Schmidt
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Reusche
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nigar Reyes
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Ulke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Ayala NK, Fain AC, Cersonsky TEK, Werner EF, Miller ES, Clark MA, Lewkowitz AK. Early pregnancy dispositional optimism and pregnancy outcomes among nulliparous people. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101155. [PMID: 37734660 PMCID: PMC10841240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dispositional optimism, the expectation of positive outcomes after personal challenges, is a resilience factor associated with widespread health benefits. However, the data on pregnancy-related outcomes are more limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association of early pregnancy dispositional optimism with adverse perinatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study completed between May 2019 and February 2022 at a single, large tertiary medical center. Nulliparous pregnant people were recruited from outpatient obstetrical care sites. Participants completed a validated assessment of dispositional optimism at <20 weeks of gestation and were followed up until delivery. The primary outcome was an adverse maternal outcome composite that included gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and/or cesarean delivery. The secondary outcomes included individual composite components and a neonatal morbidity composite. Bivariate analyses compared characteristics and primary and secondary outcomes by dispositional optimism score quartile. Multivariable logistic regression compared outcomes by dispositional optimism score quartile with the highest quartile serving as the referent, controlling for confounders determined a priori. RESULTS Overall, 491 pregnant people were approached for participation, and 135 pregnant people (27.5%) declined participation. Among the 284 individuals who enrolled and had complete outcome data, the median dispositional optimism score was 16.0 (interquartile range, 14-18), and 47.9% of individuals experienced at least 1 adverse maternal outcome 135 (47.9%). After adjusting for confounders, the odds of adverse maternal outcomes were significantly higher in the lowest 2 optimism quartiles: quartile 1 (adjusted odds ratio, 3.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.57-7.36) and quartile 2 (adjusted odds ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-4.79) than the highest quartile. This was driven by significantly higher rates of hypertension (quartile 1: adjusted odds ratio, 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-6.29) and cesarean delivery (quartile 1: adjusted odds ratio, 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-6.55). There was no difference noted when quartile 3 was compared with quartile 4. CONCLUSION Lower early pregnancy dispositional optimism was associated with significantly higher odds of adverse maternal outcomes. Interventions targeting improvements in optimism may be a novel mechanism for reducing perinatal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K Ayala
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, and Lewkowitz); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, Clark, and Lewkowitz).
| | - Audra C Fain
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (Drs Fain and Cersonsky)
| | - Tess E K Cersonsky
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (Drs Fain and Cersonsky)
| | - Erika F Werner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (Dr Werner)
| | - Emily S Miller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, and Lewkowitz); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, Clark, and Lewkowitz)
| | - Melissa A Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, Clark, and Lewkowitz); Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (Dr Clark)
| | - Adam K Lewkowitz
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, and Lewkowitz); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (Drs Ayala, Miller, Clark, and Lewkowitz)
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Zhang C, Dong C. The Influence of Social Support on the Mental Health of Elderly Individuals in Healthy Communities with the Framework of Mental Toughness. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2977-2988. [PMID: 37559780 PMCID: PMC10408709 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s413901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This work aims to explore the impacts of social support measures such as analyzing greening urban spaces and improving greenspace quality on the mental health of the elderly based on the mental resilience framework to build a healthy community. METHODS Through literature research and a questionnaire survey, this study designs a questionnaire including basic information, a life satisfaction scale, a positive and negative emotion scale, social support rating scale, a life orientation test-revised version, and psychological resilience scale. In order to classify the scales, machine learning (ML) approaches are applied in this work. RESULTS The results demonstrate great variations in the scores of the elderly with various health problems in the domain of psychological resilience (p<0.001). Social support and subjective well-being are strongly related (p<0.001). Additionally, positive correlations are observed among perceived, objective, and support use (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Finally, it is found that psychological resilience and social support play a significant role in mediating mental health problems in elderly individuals. Therefore, social support measures such as analyzing greening urban spaces and improving greenspace quality can be adopted to improve the mental health of the elderly to build healthy communities. On this basis, this work is of certain reference value and practical significance for the construction of healthy communities and the positive influence on the mental health of elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Law, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caisheng Dong
- School of Philosophy and Sociology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People’s Republic of China
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Sense of coherence, resilience, and habitual optimism in cancer patients. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zou R, Hong X, Wei G, Xu X, Yuan J. Differential Effects of Optimism and Pessimism on Adolescents' Subjective Well-Being: Mediating Roles of Reappraisal and Acceptance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127067. [PMID: 35742324 PMCID: PMC9222311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has found the differential strength of optimism and pessimism in predicting physical health. However, whether similar findings would be obtained in predicting subjective well-being and the possible underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study examined the relative strength of optimism and pessimism in predicting adolescent life satisfaction and depression, and further explored the possible mediating mechanisms from the perspective of emotion regulation. A sample of 2672 adolescents (Mage = 13.54 years, SD = 1.04; 55.60% boys) completed a survey assessing optimism and pessimism, the habitual use of reappraisal and acceptance strategies, life satisfaction, and depression. The results from dominance analysis revealed that the presence of optimism was more powerful than the absence of pessimism in predicting adolescent life satisfaction, while the absence of pessimism was more powerful than the presence of optimism in predicting adolescent depression. Moreover, mediation models showed that reappraisal and acceptance mediated both the link between optimism and life satisfaction and the link between pessimism and depression. These findings suggest possible avenues for intervening in different aspects of adolescent subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, Department of Psychology, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China; (R.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaobin Hong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, Department of Psychology, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China; (R.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Gaoxia Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, Department of Psychology, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China; (R.Z.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (X.X.); or (J.Y.)
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
- Correspondence: (X.X.); or (J.Y.)
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