1
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Matlou ML, Malan FP, Nkadimeng S, McGaw L, Tembu VJ, Manicum ALE. Exploring the in vitro anticancer activities of Re(I) picolinic acid and its fluorinated complex derivatives on lung cancer cells: a structural study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:29-41. [PMID: 36463538 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes of the form fac-[Re(N,O')(CO)3(X)], where N,O'-bidentate ligand = 2-picolinic acid (Pico); 3,5-difluoropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Dfpc); 3-trifluoromethyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Tfpc) and X = H2O; pyrazole (Pz); pyridine (Py); imidazole (Im); and methanol (CH3OH) were synthesized using the '2 + 1' mixed ligand approach with an average yield of 84%. The complexes were characterized using the following spectroscopic techniques: IR, 1H and 13C NMR, UV/Vis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The effect of the fluorine atoms on the backbone of the N,O'-bidentate ligand was investigated and a trend was noticed in the carbonyl stretching frequencies: with Pico < Tfpc < Dfpc. The in vitro biological screening on Vero (healthy mammalian), HeLa (cervical carcinoma) and A549 (lung cancer) cells revealed one toxic complex, fac-[Re(Pico)(CO)3(H2O)], with respective LC50 values of 9.0 ± 0.9, 15.8 ± 4.9 (SI = 0.570) and 20.9 ± 0.8 (SI = 0.430) μg/mL. As a result, it can be used as a positive control drug of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabu L Matlou
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, P.O. Box X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Frederick P Malan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, 02 Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Sanah Nkadimeng
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida Campus, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Lyndy McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Vuyelwa J Tembu
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, P.O. Box X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Amanda-Lee E Manicum
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, P.O. Box X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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2
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Structural Study of Model Rhodium(I) Carbonylation Catalysts Activated by Indole-2-/Indoline-2-Carboxylate Bidentate Ligands and Kinetics of Iodomethane Oxidative Addition. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10120251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rigid-backbone bidentate ligands Indoline-2-carboxylic acid (IndoliH) and Indole-2-carboxylic acid (IndolH) were evaluated for rhodium(I). IndoliH formed [Rh(Indoli)(CO)(PPh3)] (A2), while IndolH yielded the novel dinuclear [Rh1(Indol’)(CO)(PPh3)Rh2(CO)(PPh3)2] (B2) complex (Indol’ = Indol2−), which were characterized by SCXRD. In B2, the Rh1(I) fragment [Rh1(Indol’)(CO)(PPh3)] (bidentate N,O-Indol) exhibits a square-planar geometry, while Rh2(I) shows a ‘Vaska’-type trans-[O-Rh2(PPh3)2(CO)] configuration (bridging the carboxylate ‘oxo’ O atom of Indol2−). The oxidative addition of MeI to A2 and B2 via time-resolved FT-IR, NMR, and UV/Vis analyses indicated only Rh(III)-alkyl species (A3/B3) as products (no migratory insertion). Variable temperature kinetics confirmed an associative mechanism for A2 via an equilibrium-based pathway (ΔH≠ = (21 ± 1) kJ mol−1; ΔS≠ = (−209 ± 4) J K−1mol−1), with a smaller contribution from a reverse reductive elimination/solvent pathway. The dinuclear complex B2 showed the oxidative addition of MeI only at Rh1(I), which formed a Rh(III)-alkyl, but cleaved the bridged Rh2(I) site, yielding trans-[RhI(PPh3)2(I)(CO)] (5B) as a secondary product. A significantly smaller negative activation entropy [ΔH≠ = (73.0 ± 1.2) kJ mol−1; ΔS≠ = (−21 ± 4) J K−1mol−1] via a more complex/potential interchange mechanism (the contribution of ΔS≠ to the Gibbs free energy of activation, ΔG≠, only ±10%) was inferred, contrary to the entropy-driven oxidative addition of MeI to A2 (the contribution of ΔS≠ to ΔG≠ ± 75%).
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3
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Elmakki MA, Gafoor WA, Alexander OT, Venter JA, Roodt A. The crystal structure of dicarbonyl-( N-nitroso- N-oxido-phenylamine- κ
2
O,O)-rhodium(I), C 8H 5N 2O 4Rh. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C8H5N2O4Rh, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.1998(9) Å, b = 3.6516(2) Å, c = 17.7458(11) Å, β = 92.801(2)°, V = 919.06(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0281, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0702, T = 100 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Elmakki
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , 9301 , Bloemfontein , South Africa
- Department of Chemistry , Omdurman Islamic University , 14415 , Omdurman , Sudan
| | - Wesley Abdul Gafoor
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , 9301 , Bloemfontein , South Africa
| | - Orbett T. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , 9301 , Bloemfontein , South Africa
| | - Johan A. Venter
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , 9301 , Bloemfontein , South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , 9301 , Bloemfontein , South Africa
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4
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Elmakki MA, Alexander OT, Venter JA, Roodt A. The crystal structure of (carbonato κ 2
O,O′)(2-oxopyridin-1(2 H)-olato-κ N)tris(trimethylphosphine)rhodium(III) water solvate, C 15H 33NO 5P 3Rh. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C15H33NO5P3Rh, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 19.8694(11) Å, b = 12.5765(7) Å, c = 8.6990(5) Å, V = 2173.8(2) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt
(F) = 0.0394, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0941, T = 100 K, α = β = γ = 90°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Elmakki
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , 9301 Bloemfontein , South Africa
| | - Orbett T. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , 9301 Bloemfontein , South Africa
| | - Johan A. Venter
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , 9301 Bloemfontein , South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , 9301 Bloemfontein , South Africa
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5
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Yadav P, Blacque O, Roodt A, Zelder F. Induced fit activity-based sensing: a mechanistic study of pyrophosphate detection with a "flexible" Fe-salen complex. Inorg Chem Front 2021; 8:4313-4323. [PMID: 34603734 PMCID: PMC8477187 DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00209k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Activity-based sensing of biological targets is attracting increasing attention. In this work, we report detailed UV-Vis and fluorescence mechanistic studies on an Fe-salen based probe, [FeIII{salenMeCl2(SO3)2}OH2]− for pyrophosphate (PPi) detection. In the presence of PPi as an analyte, the probe disassembles into its molecular subunits and releases a fluorescent signal. Our studies illustrate that the aqua form of the complex (1-OH2) is the active species and that upon substitution of Fe-coordinated H2O and an initial end-on coordination of HP2O73−, the “trapped” pyrophosphate species switches from a monodentate to a bidentate coordination mode (i.e. linkage isomerism) via a probable equilibrium process. The elusive intermediate is further stabilized by a hydrogen bonding interaction that activates the probe for the subsequent final irreversible rate-limiting step, and allows selective discrimination between the other pyrophosphate (H2P2O72− and P2O74−) species in favour of the HP2O73−. The flexible mode of molecular recognition and binding of HP2O73− by the tetradentate probe 1-OH2 is unexpected and most effective at physiological pH, and has precedence in enzymatic catalysis (i.e. induced fit principle). These binding properties explain the previously observed outstanding selectivity of 1-OH2 for pyrophosphate over other (poly)oxophosphates and potentially competing analytes. A detailed mechanistic study of pyrophosphate (PPi) detection with a fluorometric Fe-salen based probe unravels the key structural switch of the Fe-bound PPi (“induced fit principle”) explaining the novel selectivity over other competing analytes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland +4144 635 6803 http://www.felix-zelder.net
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland +4144 635 6803 http://www.felix-zelder.net
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State PO Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa +051 4012547 http://www.ufs.ac.za/natagri/departments-and-divisions/chemistry-home/general/staff
| | - Felix Zelder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland +4144 635 6803 http://www.felix-zelder.net
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6
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Alexander OT, Venter J. Crystal structure of monocarbonyl(N-nitroso-N-oxido-phenylamine-κ
2
O,O′)(tricyclohexylphosphine-κP)rhodium(I), C25H39N2O3PRh. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C25H39N2O3PRh, triclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.505(5) Å, b = 14.266(5) Å, c = 13.405(4) Å, β = 91.280(3)°, V = 2574.8(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0399, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1026, T = 100 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orbett T. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein , 9301 , South Africa
| | - Johan Venter
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein , 9301 , South Africa
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7
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Elmakki MAE, Alexander OT, Venter GJS, Venter JA, Roodt A. Synthesis and structural determination of [Rh(opo)(CO)(PR 3)] complexes (opo − = 2-oxopyridin-1-olate) and in situ isomeric behavior from preliminary kinetic study of iodomethane oxidative addition. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1879385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Orbett T. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Johan A. Venter
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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8
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Elmakki MA, Alexander OT, Venter JA, Roodt A. Crystal structure of carbonyl(2-methylquinolin-8-olato-κ2
N,O)(triphenylarsine-κAs)rhodium(I), C29H23AsNO2Rh. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2020-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C
29
H
23
AsNO
2
${\text{C}}_{29}{\text{H}}_{23}{\text{AsNO}}_{2}$
Rh, triclinic,
P
1
‾
$P‾{1}$
(no. 2), a = 9.2778(18) Å, b = 9.8274(16) Å, c = 14.444(3) Å, α = 99.748(6)°, β = 91.330(7)°, γ = 114.197(6)°, V = 1177.6(4) Å3, Z = 2,
R
g
t
${R}_{gt}$
(F) = 0.0552,
w
R
r
e
f
$w{R}_{ref}$
(F
2) = 0.1005, T = 100 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Elmakki
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein , 9301, South Africa
| | - Orbett T. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein , 9301, South Africa
| | - Johan A. Venter
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein , 9301, South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein , 9301, South Africa
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9
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Elmakki MA, Alexander OT, Venter JA, Roodt A. Crystal structure of carbonyl(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-olato-k2
O,O′)(triphenylarsine-κAs)rhodium(I), C24H19AsNO3Rh. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2020-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C24H19AsNO3Rh, triclinic, P
1
‾
$‾{1}$
(no. 2), a = 9.1358(5) Å, b = 9.6478(6) Å, c = 12.4509(7) Å, α = 92.303(2)°, β = 106.281(2)°, γ = 99.137(2)°, V = 1035.89(1) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0336, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0900, T = 100 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Elmakki
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State , Bloemfontein , 9301 , South Africa
| | - Orbett T. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State , Bloemfontein , 9301 , South Africa
| | - Johan A. Venter
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State , Bloemfontein , 9301 , South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State , Bloemfontein , 9301 , South Africa
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10
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Mokolokolo PP, Alexander OT, Schutte-Smith M, Brink A, Roodt A. Crystal structure of monocarbonyl[2-((cyclopentylmethylene)amino)-5-methylphenolato-κ 2N,O] (tricyclohexylphosphine)rhodium(I), C 32H 48NO 2PRh. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2020-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C32H48NO2PRh, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 26.784(10) Å, b = 8.837(3) Å, c = 12.759(4) Å, V = 3020.0(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0400, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0920, T = 100(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pennie P. Mokolokolo
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Orbett T. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | | | - Alice Brink
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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11
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Mokolokolo PP, Brink A, Roodt A, Schutte-Smith M. Subtle variation of stereo-electronic effects in rhodium(I) carbonyl Schiff base complexes and their iodomethane oxidative addition kinetics. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1809657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pennie P. Mokolokolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Alice Brink
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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12
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Szlachcic P, Uchacz T, Gryl M, Danel A, Wojtasik K, Kolek P, Jarosz B, Stadnicka KM. Combined XRD and DFT studies towards understanding the impact of intramolecular H-bonding on the reductive cyclization process in pyrazole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Elmakki MA, Alexander OT, Roodt A. The crystal structure of trans-carbonyl-(diphenylcyclohexyl-phosphine-κ P)iodidomethyl-(2-oxopyridin-1(2 H)-olato-κ 2
O, O′)rhodium(III), C 25H 28INO 3PRh. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2019-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C25H28INO3PRh, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.339(4) Å, b = 9.887(5) Å, c = 23.069(9) Å, β = 91.125(5)°, Z = 4, V = 2585.7(19) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0463, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1093, T = 293(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Elmakki
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein 9301 , South Africa
| | - Orbett T. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein 9301 , South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein 9301 , South Africa
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14
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Brink A, Helliwell JR. Why is interoperability between the two fields of chemical crystallography and protein crystallography so difficult? IUCRJ 2019; 6:788-793. [PMID: 31576212 PMCID: PMC6760442 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519010972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The interoperability of chemical and biological crystallographic data is a key challenge to research and its application to pharmaceutical design. Research attempting to combine data from the two disciplines, small-molecule or chemical crystallography (CX) and macromolecular crystallography (MX), will face unique challenges including variations in terminology, software development, file format and databases which differ significantly from CX to MX. This perspective overview spans the two disciplines and originated from the investigation of protein binding to model radiopharmaceuticals. The opportunities of interlinked research while utilizing the two databases of the CSD (Cambridge Structural Database) and the PDB (Protein Data Bank) will be highlighted. The advantages of software that can handle multiple file formats and the circuitous route to convert organometallic small-molecule structural data for use in protein refinement software will be discussed. In addition some pointers to avoid being shipwrecked will be shared, such as the care which must be taken when interpreting data precision involving small molecules versus proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Brink
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Correspondence e-mail:
| | - John R. Helliwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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15
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Schutte-Smith M, Roodt A, Visser HG. Ambient and high-pressure kinetic investigation of methanol substitution in fac-[Re(Trop)(CO)3(MeOH)] by different monodentate nucleophiles. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9984-9997. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01528k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
First report of high-pressure methanol substitution by entering monodentate L forms fac-[Re(CO)3(Trop)(L)] {ΔV≠(kL) = +9 – +14 cm−3 mol−1}, indicating dissociative/dissociative interchange activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry
- University of the Free State
- PO Box 339
- Bloemfontein
- South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Visser
- Department of Chemistry
- University of the Free State
- PO Box 339
- Bloemfontein
- South Africa
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16
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Hill TN, Roodt A. Solid-state and Computational Study of “Venus fly-trap” Geometric Parameters for 1,5-Cyclooctadiene in Pd IIand Pt IIβ-Enaminonato Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania N. Hill
- Department of Chemistry; University of the Free State; 9300 Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry; University of the Free State; 9300 Bloemfontein South Africa
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17
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A magnetic spin transfer NMR study of tertiary phosphine exchange in rhodium(I) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Warsink S, Riekert Kotze PD, Janse van Rensburg JM(I, Venter JA, Otto S, Botha E, Roodt A. Kinetic‐Mechanistic and Solid‐State Study of the Oxidative Addition and Migratory Insertion of Iodomethane to [Rhodium(
S
,
O
‐
BdiPT
or
N
,
O‐ox
)(CO)(PR
1
R
2
R
3
)] Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Warsink
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State PO Box 339 9300 Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - P. D. Riekert Kotze
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State PO Box 339 9300 Bloemfontein South Africa
- R&D Division Sasol Technology 1 Klasie Havenga Street 1948 Sasolburg South Africa
| | | | - Johan A. Venter
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State PO Box 339 9300 Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Stefanus Otto
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State PO Box 339 9300 Bloemfontein South Africa
- R&D Division Sasol Technology 1 Klasie Havenga Street 1948 Sasolburg South Africa
| | - Ebrahiem Botha
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State PO Box 339 9300 Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State PO Box 339 9300 Bloemfontein South Africa
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19
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Nuclearity manipulation in Schiff-base fac-tricarbonyl complexes of Mn(I) and Re(I). Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Burianova VK, Bolotin DS, Mikherdov AS, Novikov AS, Mokolokolo PP, Roodt A, Boyarskiy VP, Dar’in D, Krasavin M, Suslonov VV, Zhdanov AP, Zhizhin KY, Kuznetsov NT. Mechanism of generation of closo-decaborato amidrazones. Intramolecular non-covalent B–H⋯π(Ph) interaction determines stabilization of the configuration around the amidrazone CN bond. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three types of N(H)-nucleophiles were used to study the nucleophilic addition to the CN group of the 2-propanenitrilium closo-decaborate cluster giving N-closo-decaborato amidrazones.
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21
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Nkoe PI, Koen R, Brink A, Schutte-Smith M. Crystal structure of hexacarbonyl bis(μ2-2-methoxybenzenethiolato-κ2S)pyridine(triphenylphosphane)dirhenium(I), C43H34NO8PS2Re2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2015-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractC43H34NO8PS2Re2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.165(8) Å, b = 19.027(11) Å, c = 18.848(14) Å, β = 108.735(2)°, V = 4131(5) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0308, wRref(F2) = 0.0683, T = 100(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pheello Isaac Nkoe
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Renier Koen
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Alice Brink
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Marietjie Schutte-Smith
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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22
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Mokolokolo PP, Brink A, Visser HG. Crystal structure of bis(μ 2-2-((3-methylphenyl)imino)methylphenolato-κ 2
N, O: O)hexacarbonyldimanganese(I), C 34H 24Mn 2N 2O 8. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2015-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C34H24Mn2N2O8, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2) a = 7.737(5) Å, b = 9.483(5) Å, c = 11.309(5) Å, β = 102.514(5)°, V = 766.6(7) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt
(F) = 0.0478, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1297, T = 100(2) K
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Affiliation(s)
- Pennie P. Mokolokolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela ave, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Alice Brink
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela ave, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Visser
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela ave, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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23
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Koen R, Visser HG, Roodt A. Crystal structure of tetraethylammonium hexachloridotantalate(V), C 8H 20Cl 6NTa. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2015-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C8H20Cl6N1Ta1, monoclinic, P
2
1/n (no. 14), a = 7.1550(4) Å, b = 10.0090(6) Å, c = 11.6290(4) Å, β = 98.487(5)°, V = 823.7(8) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0207, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0531, T = 100(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renier Koen
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela ave, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Visser
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela ave, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela ave, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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24
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Warsink S, Venter JA, Roodt A. NHC-amide donor ligands in rhodium complexes: Syntheses and characterisation. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Brink A, Visser HG, Roodt A. Solid state isostructural behavior and quantified limiting substitution kinetics in Schiff-base bidentate ligand complexes fac-[Re(O,N-Bid)(CO)3(MeOH)](n). Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12480-8. [PMID: 25393647 DOI: 10.1021/ic5019168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A range of N,O-donor atom salicylidene complexes of the type fac-[M(O,N-Bid)(CO)3(L)](n) (O,N-Bid = anionic N,O-bidentate ligands; L = neutral coordinated ligand) have been studied. The unique feature of the complexes which crystallize in a monoclinic isostructural space group for complexes containing methanol in the sixth position (L = MeOH) is highlighted. The reactivity and stability of the complexes were evaluated by rapid stopped-flow techniques, and the methanol substitution by a range of pyridine type ligands indicates significant activation by the N,O-salicylidene type of bidentate ligands as observed from the variation in the second-order rate constants. In particular, following the introduction of the sterically demanding and electron rich cyclohexyl salicylidene moiety on the bidentate ligand, novel limiting kinetic behavior is displayed by all entering ligands, thus enabling a systematic probe and manipulation of the limiting kinetic constants. Clear evidence of an interchange type of intimate mechanism for the methanol substitution is produced. The equilibrium and rate constants (25 °C) for the two steps in the dissociative interchange mechanism for methanol substitution in fac-[Re(Sal-Cy)(CO)3(MeOH)] (5) by the pyridine type ligands 3-chloropyridine, pyridine, 4-picoline, and DMAP are k3 (s(-1)), 40 ± 4, 13 ± 2, 10.4 ± 0.7, and 2.11 ± 0.09, and K2 (M(-1)), 0.13 ± 0.01, 0.21 ± 0.03, 0.26 ± 0.02, and 1.8 ± 0.1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Brink
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State , P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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26
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Venter GJ, Steyl G, Roodt A. Solid state and theoretical study of structural properties induced by step-wise chloro functionalization in dicarbonyl-[2-(phenylamino)pent-3-en-4-onato]rhodium(I) complexes. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.878801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gideon Steyl
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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27
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Crystal structure of (N-benzoyl-N'-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)thiourea-κS)chlorido(η4-cycloocta-1,5-diene) rhodium(I), C25H30ClN2ORhS. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2013.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract C25H30ClN2ORhS, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 22.508(2) Å, b = 8.5005(7) Å, c = 24.884(2) Å, β = 93.551(4)°, V = 4751.7 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0355, wRref(F2) = 0.0767, T = 100 K.
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28
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Crystal structure of bis(triphenylphosphine)(carbonyl)(N-benzoyl-N'-(2-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)thioureato-κS,κN)rhodium(I), C52H43N2O3P2RhS. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2013.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract C52H43N2O3P2RhS, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.6260(3) Å, b = 11.7305(3) Å, c = 19.6582(5) Å, α = 76.489(1)°, β = 82.027(1)°, γ = 64.848(1)°, V = 2154.4 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.028, wRref(F2) = 0.0722, T = 100 K.
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29
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Brink A, Visser HG, Roodt A. Activation of rhenium(I) toward substitution in fac-[Re(N,O'-Bid)(CO)3(HOCH3)] by Schiff-base bidentate ligands (N,O'-Bid). Inorg Chem 2013; 52:8950-61. [PMID: 23883066 DOI: 10.1021/ic401115j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of fac-[Re(N,O'-Bid)(CO)3(L)] (N,O'-Bid = monoanionic bidentate Schiff-base ligands with N,O donor atoms; L = neutral monodentate ligand) has been synthesized, and the methanol substitution reactions have been investigated. The complexes were characterized by NMR, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. X-ray crystal structures of the compounds fac-[Re(Sal-mTol)(CO)3(HOCH3)], fac-[Re(Sal-pTol)(CO)3(HOCH3)], fac-[Re(Sal-Ph)(CO)3(HOCH3)], and fac-[Re(Sal-Ph)(CO)3(Py)] (Sal-mTol = 2-(m-tolyliminomethyl)phenolato; Sal-pTol = 2-(p-tolyliminomethyl)phenolato; Sal-Ph = 2-(phenyliminomethyl)phenolato; Py = pyridine) are reported. Significant activation for the methanol substitution is induced by the use of the N,O bidentate ligand as manifested by the second order rate constants, with limiting kinetics being observed for the first time. Rate constants (25 °C) (k1 or k3) and activation parameters (ΔHk‡, kJ mol(-1); ΔSk‡, J K(-1) mol(-1)) from Eyring plots for entering nucleophiles as indicated are as follows: fac-[Re(Sal-mTol)(CO)3(HOCH3)] 3-chloropyridine: (k1) 2.33 ± 0.01 M(-1) s(-1); 85.1 ± 0.6, 48 ± 2; fac-[Re(Sal-mTol)(CO)3(HOCH3)] pyridine: (k1) 1.29 ± 0.02 M(-1) s(-1); 92 ± 2, 66 ± 7; fac-[Re(Sal-mTol)(CO)3(HOCH3)] 4-picoline: (k1) 1.27 ± 0.05 M(-1) s(-1); 88 ± 2, 53 ± 6; (k3) 3.9 ± 0.03 s(-1); 78 ± 8, 30 ± 27; (kf) 1.7 ± 0.02 M(-1) s(-1); 86 ± 2, 49 ± 6; fac-[Re(Sal-mTol)(CO)3(HOCH3)] DMAP (k3) 1.15 ± 0.02 s(-1); 88 ± 2, 52 ± 7. An interchange dissociative mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Brink
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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30
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Stuurman NF, Muller A, Conradie J. Structural trends in [Rh(PhCOCHCO(CH2)nCH3)(CO)(PPh3)] (n = 0–3) and related complexes: crystal structure of [Rh(PhCOCHCO(CH2)2CH3)(CO)(PPh3)]. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-013-9708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Novel imino rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes of salicylidene-derived ligands: Synthesis, X-ray crystallographic studies, spectroscopic characterization and DFT calculations. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Cloete N, Visser HG, Engelbrecht I, Overett MJ, Gabrielli WF, Roodt A. Ethylene tri- and tetramerization: a steric parameter selectivity switch from X-ray crystallography and computational analysis. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:2268-70. [PMID: 23394516 DOI: 10.1021/ic302578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A steric parameter (θN-sub) is introduced to describe the steric bulk at the nitrogen atom on a range of PNP ligands used in ethylene tri- and tetramerization. This parameter was calculated for the free ligands and different metal complexes thereof and compared to catalytic data. A specific tendency is observed for the value of θN-sub and 1-hexene selectivity, and a slight increase in 1-octene selectivity is found with increased bulkiness of the substituents on the nitrogen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline Cloete
- R&D Division, SASOL Technology (Pty) Ltd., 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, South Africa
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33
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Hill T, Roodt A, Steyl G. Probing the ‘Venus fly-trap’ parameters of cyclo-octadiene in selected β-diketonato complexes of platinum(II) and the nickel-triad from a spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic and DFT study. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Stuurman NF, Muller A, Conradie J. Conformational analysis of triphenylphosphine in square planar [Rh(β-diketonato)(CO)(PPh3)] complexes. Crystal structure of [Rh(PhCOCHCO(CH2)3CH3)(CO)(PPh3)]. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Schutte M, Roodt A, Visser HG. Coordinated Aqua vs Methanol Substitution Kinetics in fac-Re(I) Tricarbonyl Tropolonato Complexes. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11996-2006. [PMID: 23088314 DOI: 10.1021/ic301891u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marietjie Schutte
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South
Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South
Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Visser
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South
Africa
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36
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Van der Berg PCW, Visser HG, Roodt A, Muller TJ. N,N'-(4,5-Dimethyl-1,2-phenyl-ene)bis-(pyridine-2-carboxamide). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o2739. [PMID: 22969622 PMCID: PMC3435751 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812035064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C20H18N4O2, the dihedral angles between the central benzene ring and the pyridine rings are 57.55 (6) and 22.05 (8)°. The molecular conformation is stabilized by intramolecular N—H⋯N interactions and in the crystal structure an intermolecular asymmetric cyclic hydrogen-bonding association involving both amide N—H donors and a common amide O-atom acceptor gives a chain extending along the c axis.
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37
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Warsink S, Roodt A. (N-Benzoyl-N',N'-diphenyl-thio-ureato-κ(2)S,O)(η(4)-cyclo-octa-1,5-diene)rhodium(I). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:m1053-4. [PMID: 22904727 PMCID: PMC3414120 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812029753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title complex, [Rh(C(20)H(15)N(2)OS)(C(8)H(12))], exhibits an essentially square-planar coordination environment around the Rh(I) atom, which bears a bidentate cyclo-octa-diene ligand as well as a monoanionic bidentate benzoyl-thio-ureate ligand. The Rh(I) atom, the S- and O-donor atoms and the alkene centroids of the cyclo-octa-diene ligand do not deviate by more than 0.031 Å from their least mean-squares plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Warsink
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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38
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Venter GJS, Steyl G, Roodt A. Dicarbon-yl[4-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl-amino)-pent-3-en-2-onato-κ(2)N,O]rhodium(I). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:m666-7. [PMID: 22590150 PMCID: PMC3344388 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812017175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, [Rh(C13H16NO)(CO)2], a square-planar coordination geometry is observed around the RhI atom, formed by the N and O atoms of the bidentate ligand and two C atoms from two carbonyl ligands. The RhI atom is displaced from the plane through these surrounding atoms by 0.0085 (2) Å. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the N—C—C—C—O plane is 89.82 (6)°, and the N—Rh—O bite angle for the bidentate ligand is 90.53 (6)°. An intermolecular C—H⋯O interaction is observed between a methyl group of the benzene ring and a carbonyl O atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertruida J S Venter
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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39
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Oxidative addition of methyl iodide to [Rh(PhCOCHCOPh)(CO)(P(OCH2)3CCH3)]: an experimental and computational study. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-011-0137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe reaction rate of the oxidative addition and CO insertion steps of methyl iodide with [Rh(PhCOCHCOPh)(CO)(P(OCH2)3CCH3)] are presented. Large negative experimental values for the activation entropy and results from a density functional theory computational chemistry study indicated trans addition of the CH3I to [Rh(PhCOCHCOPh)(CO)(P(OCH2)3CCH3)]. A study of the molecular orbitals gives insight into the flow of electrons during the oxidative addition reaction. CO insertion leads to a square pyramidal [Rh(PhCOCHCOPh)(P(OCH2)3CCH3)(COCH3)(I)] acyl product with the COCH3 moiety in the apical position. The strong electron donation of the P(OCH2)3CCH3 ligand accelerates the oxidation addition step of methyl iodide to [Rh(PhCOCHCOPh)(CO)(P(OCH2)3CCH3)] by ca. 265 times faster (at 35°C) than that of the Monsanto catalyst, but inhibits the CO insertion step.
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40
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Gohain M, Muller TJ, Bezuidenhoudt BCB. 5-(3,4-Dimeth-oxy-benzyl-idene)-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o179. [PMID: 22259463 PMCID: PMC3254518 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811052986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(15)H(16)N(2)O(5), the dihedral angle between 1,3-diazinane and benzene rings is only 4.27 (1)°. The essentially planar mol-ecular structure is characterized by a short intra-molecular C-H⋯O separation and by an exceptionally large bond angle of 138.25 (14)° at the bridging methine C atom. The meth-oxy groups deviate somewhat from the plane of the benzene ring, with C-C-O-C torsion angles of -15.6 (1) and 9.17 (6)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules form centrosymmetric dimers via donor-acceptor π-π inter-actions, with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.401 (1) Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukut Gohain
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Theunis J. Muller
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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41
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Gohain M, Muller TJ, Bezuidenhoudt BCB. Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-phenylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o3481. [PMID: 22199953 PMCID: PMC3239105 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811049865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C17H17NO4, the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridine rings is 75.51 (4)°. The benzene and pyridine rings are both approximately planar (r.m.s. deviations of 0.0040 and 0.0083 Å, respectively), indicating that the pyridine N atom is not protonated. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N interactions.
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42
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Herbst L, Visser HG, Roodt A, Muller TJ. cyclo-Tetra-μ-oxido-tetra-kis-[(acetyl-acetonato-κO,O')bis-(ethano-lato-κO)niobium(V)]. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:m1669-70. [PMID: 22199493 PMCID: PMC3238602 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811044138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title tetranuclear niobium(V) compound, [Nb4(C2H5O)8(C5H7O2)4O4], contains two NbV atoms, two bridging O atoms, two acetylacetonate and four ethanolate ligands. Each NbV atom is six-coordinated by the bridging O atoms, two ethanolate and one chelating acetylacetonate ligands. The Nb—O distances vary between 1.817 (2) and 2.201 (2) Å and the O—Nb—O angles vary between 78.88 (8) and 102.78 (9)°, illustrating the significant distortion from ideal ocahedral geometry. The rest of the tetranuclear unit is generated through an inversion centre. The C atoms of two of the ethanolate molecules are disordered over two sites [occupancy ratio 0.601 (12):0.399 (12)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Herbst
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
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43
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Schutte M, Kemp G, Visser HG, Roodt A. Tuning the reactivity in classic low-spin d6 rhenium(I) tricarbonyl radiopharmaceutical synthon by selective bidentate ligand variation (L,L'-Bid; L,L'= N,N', N,O, and O,O' donor atom sets) in fac-[Re(CO)3(L,L'-Bid)(MeOH)]n complexes. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:12486-98. [PMID: 22111710 DOI: 10.1021/ic2013792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A range of fac-[Re(CO)(3)(L,L'-Bid)(H(2)O)](n) (L,L'-Bid = neutral or monoanionic bidentate ligands with varied L,L' donor atoms, N,N', N,O, or O,O': 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipydine, 2-picolinate, 2-quinolinate, 2,4-dipicolinate, 2,4-diquinolinate, tribromotropolonate, and hydroxyflavonate; n = 0, +1) has been synthesized and the aqua/methanol substitution has been investigated. The complexes were characterized by UV-vis, IR and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic studies of the compounds fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Phen)(H(2)O)]NO(3)·0.5Phen, fac-[Re(CO)(3)(2,4-dQuinH)(H(2)O)]·H(2)O, fac-[Re(CO)(3)(2,4-dQuinH)Py]Py, and fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Flav)(CH(3)OH)]·CH(3)OH are reported. A four order-of-magnitude of activation for the methanol substitution is induced as manifested by the second order rate constants with (N,N'-Bid) < (N,O-Bid) < (O,O'-Bid). Forward and reverse rate and stability constants from slow and stopped-flow UV/vis measurements (k(1), M(-1) s(-1); k(-1), s(-1); K(1), M(-1)) for bromide anions as entering nucleophile are as follows: fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Phen)(MeOH)](+) (50 ± 3) × 10(-3), (5.9 ± 0.3) × 10(-4), 84 ± 7; fac-[Re(CO)(3)(2,4-dPicoH)(MeOH)] (15.7 ± 0.2) × 10(-3), (6.3 ± 0.8) × 10(-4), 25 ± 3; fac-[Re(CO)(3)(TropBr(3))(MeOH)] (7.06 ± 0.04) × 10(-2), (4 ± 1) × 10(-3), 18 ± 4; fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Flav)(MeOH)] 7.2 ± 0.3, 3.17 ± 0.09, 2.5 ± 2. Activation parameters (ΔH(k1)(++), kJmol(-1); ΔS(k1)(), J K(-1) mol(-1)) from Eyring plots for entering nucleophiles as indicated are as follows: fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Phen)(MeOH)](+) iodide 70 ± 1, -35 ± 3; fac-[Re(CO)(3)(2,4-dPico)(MeOH)] bromide 80.8 ± 6, -8 ± 2; fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Flav)(MeOH)] bromide 52 ± 5, -52 ± 15. A dissociative interchange mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietjie Schutte
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Visser HG, Roodt A, Volmink AL, Kemp G. fac-Tricarbon-yl(pyridine-κN)(1,1,1-trifluoro-acetyl-acetonato-κO,O')rhenium(I). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:m1631. [PMID: 22219853 PMCID: PMC3247548 DOI: 10.1107/s160053681104476x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the title compound, [Re(C(5)H(4)F(3)O(2))(C(5)H(5)N)(CO)(3)], the Re(I) atom is six-coordinated owing to bonding by three carbonyl ligands arranged in a fac configuration, two O atoms from the bidentate 1,1,1-trifluoro-acetyl-acetonate ligand and an N atom from a pyridine ligand. In the crystal, the mol-ecules pack in layers, diagonally, in a head-to-tail fashion across the ab plane. These layers are stabilsed by inter-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik G. Visser
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Amanda-lee Volmink
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Gerdus Kemp
- Petlabs, Little Company of Mary Hospital, Pretoria 0001 9300, South Africa
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