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Liu S, Tian L, Cong Y, Shi Q, Wang L, Lu Y, Wang L, Yang G. Recent advances in polygalacturonase: Industrial applications and challenges. Carbohydr Res 2023; 528:108816. [PMID: 37094533 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the applications of polygalacturonase (PG), one of the most commercially produced enzymes on the biocatalyst market, in the food, beverage, feed, textile, and paper industries. Most PGs are acidic mesophilic enzymes, as shown by a summary of their biochemical properties. However, the acidic PGs discovered to date are insufficiently effective for industrial applications. The sequence and structural characteristics of thermophilic PGs are analyzed based on the results of extensive discussions regarding the catalytic mechanism and structural characteristics of PGs with shared right-handed parallel β-helical structures. In addition, the molecular modification methods for obtaining thermostable PGs are systematically presented. Notably, the demand for alkaline heat-resistant PGs has increased significantly concurrent with the biomanufacturing industry development. Therefore, this review also provides a theoretical guideline for mining heat-resistant PG gene resources and modifying PG thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linfang Tian
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuting Cong
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lianshun Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guojun Yang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Sheladiya P, Kapadia C, Prajapati V, Ali El Enshasy H, Abd Malek R, Marraiki N, Zaghloul NSS, Sayyed RZ. Production, statistical optimization, and functional characterization of alkali stable pectate lyase of Paenibacillus lactis PKC5 for use in juice clarification. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7564. [PMID: 35534597 PMCID: PMC9085886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPectate lyase is a hydrolytic enzyme used by diverse industries to clarify food. The enzyme occupies a 25% share of the total enzyme used in food industries, and their demand is increasing gradually. Most of the enzymes in the market belong to the fungal origin and take more time to produce with high viscosity in the fermentation medium, limiting its use. The bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus have vast potential to produce diverse metabolites of industrial importance. The present experiment aimed to isolate pectate lyase-producing bacteria that can tolerate an alkaline environment at moderate temperatures. Bacillus subtilis PKC2, Bacillus licheniformis PKC4, Paenibacillus lactis PKC5, and Bacillus sonorensis ADCN produced pectate lyase. The Paenibacillus lactis PKC5 gave the highest protein at 48 h of incubation that was partially purified using 80% acetone and ammonium sulphate. Purification with 80% acetone resulted in a good enzyme yield with higher activity. SDS-PAGE revealed the presence of 44 kDa molecular weight of purified enzyme. The purified enzyme exhibits stability at diverse temperature and pH ranges, the maximum at 50 °C and 8.0 pH. The metal ions such as Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, and Co2+ significantly positively affect enzyme activity, while increasing the metal ion concentration to 5 mM showed detrimental effects on the enzyme activity. The organic solvents such as methanol and chloroform at 25% final concentration improved the enzyme activity. On the other hand, detergent showed inhibitory effects at 0.05% and 1% concentration. Pectate lyase from Paenibacillus lactis PKC5 had Km and Vmax values as 8.90 mg/ml and 4.578 μmol/ml/min. The Plackett–Burman and CCD designs were used to identify the significant process parameters, and optimum concentrations were found to be pectin (5 gm%) and ammonium sulphate (0.3 gm%). During incubation with pectate lyase, the clarity percentage of the grape juice, apple juice, and orange juice was 60.37%, 59.36%, and 49.91%, respectively.
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Behera SS, Ray RC. Bioprospecting of cowdung microflora for sustainable agricultural, biotechnological and environmental applications. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100018. [PMID: 34841310 PMCID: PMC8610318 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2020.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The review aims at highlighting the manifold applications of cow dung (CD) and CD microflora covering agricultural, biotechnological and environmental applications. The update research on CD microflora and CD in agricultural domain such as biocontrol, growth promotion, organic fertilizer, sulfur oxidation, phosphorus solubilization, zinc mobilization and underlying mechanisms involved in these processes are discussed. The significance of CD applications in tropical agriculture in context to climate change is briefly emphasized. The advances on genomics and proteomics of CD microflora for enhanced yield of enzymes, organic acids, alternative fuels (biomethane and biohydrogen) and other biocommodities, and environmental applications in context to biosorption of heavy metals, biodegradation of xenobiotics, etc. have been given critical attention.
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Key Words
- AD, anaerobic digesters
- AP, apple pomace
- ARB, antibiotic-resistant bacteria
- ARGs, antibiotic-resistant genes
- BOD, biochemical oxygen demand
- Biocontrol
- Biodegradation
- Biogas
- Bioprocess
- Bioremediation
- Biosorption
- C/N, carbon nitrogen ratio
- CD, cow dung
- CDP, cow dung powder
- CEC, cation exchange capacity
- Cow dung
- DO, dissolved oxygen
- EC, electric conductivity
- IAA, indole-3-acetic acids
- NPK, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
- NPP, net primary productivity
- OM, organic matter
- PGPR, plant growth promoting rhizobateria
- PSM, P-solubilizing microorganisms
- Panchagavya
- SGR, specific growth rate
- SSF, solid sate fermentation
- SmF, sub-merged fermentation
- TOC, total organic carbon
- TPPB, two phase partitioning bioreactor
- TS, total solids
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu S Behera
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, GE Road, Raipur 492010, India.,Department of Fisheries and Animal Resource Development, Government of Odisha, India
| | - Ramesh C Ray
- Centre for Food Biology and Environment Studies, Bhubaneswar 751019, India
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Production of thermal and acid-stable pectinase from Bacillus subtilis strain BK-3: Optimization, characterization, and application for fruit juice clarification. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gurler HN, Yilmazer C, Erkan SB, Ozcan A, Yatmaz E, Öziyci HR, Karhan M, Turhan I. Applicability of recombinant
Aspergillus sojae
crude mannanase enzyme in carrot juice production. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Nur Gurler
- Faculty of Engineering Department of Food Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Cansu Yilmazer
- Faculty of Engineering Department of Food Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Selime Benemir Erkan
- Faculty of Engineering Department of Food Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Ali Ozcan
- Faculty of Engineering Department of Food Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Ercan Yatmaz
- Faculty of Engineering Department of Food Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
- Göynük Culinary Arts Vocational School Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Hatice Reyhan Öziyci
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts College of Tourism Antalya Bilim University Antalya Turkey
| | - Mustafa Karhan
- Faculty of Engineering Department of Food Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Irfan Turhan
- Faculty of Engineering Department of Food Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
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Uzuner S, Cekmecelioglu D. Biochemical characterization and stability of Bacillus subtilis polygalacturonase produced using hazelnut shells by submerged fermentation. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1871332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Uzuner
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Deniz Cekmecelioglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Doan CT, Chen CL, Nguyen VB, Tran TN, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Conversion of Pectin-Containing By-Products to Pectinases by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Its Applications on Hydrolyzing Banana Peels for Prebiotics Production. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091483. [PMID: 34064519 PMCID: PMC8124133 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of pectin-containing by-products may be useful in a variety of fields. This study aims to establish the processing of pectin-containing by-products to produce pectinases using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TKU050 strain. In this study, several kinds of agricultural pectin-containing by-products from banana (banana peel), rice (rice bran), orange (orange peel), coffee (spent coffee grounds), and wheat (wheat bran) were utilized to provide carbon sources for the production of a pectinase by B. amyloliquefaciens TKU050. B. amyloliquefaciens TKU050 expressed the highest pectinase productivity (0.76 U/mL) on 0.5% wheat bran-containing medium at 37°C for four days. A 58 kDa pectinase was purified from the four-day cultured medium fermented under optimized culture conditions with 7.24% of a recovery ratio and 0.51 U/mg of specific activity, respectively. The optimum temperature, optimum pH, thermal stability, and pH stability of the TKU050 pectinase were 50 °C, pH 6, <50 °C, and pH 6–9, respectively. The TKU050 pectinase was inhibited by sodium dodecyl sulfate and Cu2+. The reducing sugar obtained by hydrolyzing banana peel with TKU050 pectinase showed the growth-enhancing effect on the growth of four tested lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (C.-L.C.); (T.N.T.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (C.-L.C.); (T.N.T.)
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (V.B.N.); (A.D.N.)
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (C.-L.C.); (T.N.T.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (V.B.N.); (A.D.N.)
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (C.-L.C.); (T.N.T.)
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2621-5656; Fax: +886-2-2620-9924
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John J, Kaimal KS, Smith ML, Rahman PK, Chellam PV. Advances in upstream and downstream strategies of pectinase bioprocessing: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1086-1099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhang J, Zhao L, Gao B, Wei W, Wang H, Xie J. Protopectinase production byPaenibacillus polymyxaZ6 and its application in pectin extraction from apple pomace. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing (SCICB); Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
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Purification and biochemical characterization of an exo-polygalacturonase from Aspergillus flavus MTCC 7589. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Garg G, Singh A, Kaur A, Singh R, Kaur J, Mahajan R. Microbial pectinases: an ecofriendly tool of nature for industries. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:47. [PMID: 28330117 PMCID: PMC4746199 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectinases are the growing enzymes of biotechnological sector, showing gradual increase in their market. They hold a leading position among the commercially produced industrial enzymes. These enzymes are ecofriendly tool of nature that are being used extensively in various industries like wine industry; food industry; paper industry for bleaching of pulp and waste paper recycling; in the processing of fruit–vegetables, tea–coffee, animal feed; extraction of vegetable oil and scouring of plant fibres. Moreover, enzymatic catalysis is preferred over other chemical methods, since it is more specific, less aggressive and saves energy. This is the review which covers the information available on the applicability potential of this group of enzymes in various sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garg
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markendeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - A Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - A Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - R Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - J Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
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Panda SK, Mishra SS, Kayitesi E, Ray RC. Microbial-processing of fruit and vegetable wastes for production of vital enzymes and organic acids: Biotechnology and scopes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 146:161-172. [PMID: 26761593 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wastes generated from fruits and vegetables are organic in nature and contribute a major share in soil and water pollution. Also, green house gas emission caused by fruit and vegetable wastes (FVWs) is a matter of serious environmental concern. This review addresses the developments over the last one decade on microbial processing technologies for production of enzymes and organic acids from FVWs. The advances in genetic engineering for improvement of microbial strains in order to enhance the production of the value added bio-products as well as the concept of zero-waste economy have been briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Panda
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Swati S Mishra
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa, Koraput 764020, India
| | - Eugenie Kayitesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ramesh C Ray
- ICAR-Regional Center of Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Bhubaneswar 751019, India
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Uzuner S, Cekmecelioglu D. Optimising clarification of carrot juice by bacterial crude pectinase. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Uzuner
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Middle East Technical University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Abant Izzet Baysal University; 14280 Bolu Turkey
| | - Deniz Cekmecelioglu
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Middle East Technical University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
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Panda SK, Ray RC. Microbial Processing for Valorization of Horticultural Wastes. SOIL BIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19018-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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