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Kosarek NN, Preston EV. Contributions of Synthetic Chemicals to Autoimmune Disease Development and Occurrence. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024; 11:128-144. [PMID: 38653907 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exposure to many synthetic chemicals has been linked to a variety of adverse human health effects, including autoimmune diseases. In this scoping review, we summarize recent evidence detailing the effects of synthetic environmental chemicals on autoimmune diseases and highlight current research gaps and recommendations for future studies. RECENT FINDINGS We identified 68 recent publications related to environmental chemical exposures and autoimmune diseases. Most studies evaluated exposure to persistent environmental chemicals and autoimmune conditions including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. Results of recent original research studies were mixed, and available data for some exposure-outcome associations were particularly limited. PFAS and autoimmune inflammatory bowel diseases (UC and CD) and pesticides and RA appeared to be the most frequently studied exposure-outcome associations among recent publications, despite a historical research focus on solvents. Recent studies have provided additional evidence for the associations of exposure to synthetic chemicals with certain autoimmune conditions. However, impacts on other autoimmune outcomes, particularly less prevalent conditions, remain unclear. Owing to the ubiquitous nature of many of these exposures and their potential impacts on autoimmune risk, additional studies are needed to better evaluate these relationships, particularly for understudied autoimmune conditions. Future research should include larger longitudinal studies and studies among more diverse populations to elucidate the temporal relationships between exposure-outcome pairs and to identify potential population subgroups that may be more adversely impacted by immune modulation caused by exposure to these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle N Kosarek
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Emma V Preston
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Floor 14, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Dallio M, Ventriglia L, Romeo M, Scognamiglio F, Diano N, Moggio M, Cipullo M, Coppola A, Ziogas A, Netea MG, Federico A. Environmental bisphenol A exposure triggers trained immunity-related pathways in monocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270391. [PMID: 38077323 PMCID: PMC10701735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trained Immunity represents a novel revolutionary concept of the immunological response involving innate immune cells. Bisphenol A is a well-known endocrine disrupter, widely disseminated worldwide and accumulated in the human body. Due to the increased interest regarding the effects of plastic-derived compounds on the immune system, our purpose was to explore whether BPA was able to induce trained immunity in human primary monocytes in vitro using low environmental concentrations. Materials and methods We extracted BPA from the serum of 10 healthy individuals through a liquid-liquid extraction followed by a solid phase extraction and measured the concentration using an HPLC system coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. In parallel, monocytes were isolated from whole blood and acutely stimulated or trained with BPA at three different concentrations (1 nM, 10 nM, 20 nM). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) production were assessed after 24 hours of acute stimulation and after Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rechallenge. A comprehensive overview of the metabolic changes after BPA acute stimulation and trained immunity induction was assessed through extracellular lactate measurements, Seahorse XFb metabolic flux analysis and ROS production. Results Monocytes primed with BPA showed increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses upon restimulation, sustained by the modulation of the immunometabolic circuits. Moreover, we proved the non-toxic effect of BPA at each experimental concentration by performing an MTT assay. Additionally, correlation analysis were performed between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production after LPS acute stimulation or BPA-mediated trained immunity and BPA serum concentrations showing a significant association between TNF-α and BPA circulating levels. Discussion Overall, this study pointed out for the first time the immunological effects of an environmental chemical and plastic-derived compound in the induction of trained immunity in a healthy cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Dallio
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ventriglia
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Romeo
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Scognamiglio
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Diano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Moggio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Cipullo
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Annachiara Coppola
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Athanasios Ziogas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Gebru YA, Pang MG. Modulatory effects of bisphenol A on the hepatic immune response. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122430. [PMID: 37611793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a primary line of defense for protection from external substances next to the intestinal barrier. As a result, the hepatic immune system plays a central role in liver pathophysiology. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most common endocrine disrupting chemicals and is primarily metabolized in the liver. Due to its ability to bind to estrogen receptors, BPA is well known to possess estrogenic activity and disrupt reproductive functions. The phase I and Phase II metabolism reactions of BPA mainly occur in the liver with the help of enzymes including cytochrome P450 (CYP), uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase-glucuronosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and glutathione-S-transferases. Although the majority of BPA is excreted after conjugation by these enzymes, untransformed BPA induces the production of reactive oxygen species through disruption of the enzymatic complex CYP, lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory injury in the liver. Moreover, it has been proposed to possess a potential immunomodulatory effect. Indeed, several in vivo and in vitro studies have reported that low doses of BPA increase the population of T cells with type 1 T helper (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells. Although the current literature lacks clear evidence on the mechanisms by which BPA is involved in T cell mediated immune responses, recent multi-omics studies suggest that it may directly interact with the antigen processing and presentation pathways. In this review, we first discuss the metabolism of BPA in the liver, before exploring currently available data on its effects on liver injury. Finally, we review its modulatory effects on the hepatic immune response, as well as potential mechanisms. By conducting this review, we aim to improve understanding on the relationship between BPA exposure and immune-related liver injury, with a focus on the antigen processing and presentation pathway and T cell-mediated response in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Asmelash Gebru
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Kodila A, Franko N, Sollner Dolenc M. A review on immunomodulatory effects of BPA analogues. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1831-1846. [PMID: 37204436 PMCID: PMC10256647 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a known endocrine disruptor found in many consumer products that humans come into contact with on a daily basis. Due to increasing concerns about the safety of BPA and the introduction of new legislation restricting its use, industry has responded by adopting new, less studied BPA analogues that have similar polymer-forming properties. Some BPA analogues have already been shown to exhibit effects similar to BPA, for example, contributing to endocrine disruption through agonistic or antagonistic behaviour at various nuclear receptors such as estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), glucocorticoid (GR), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), and pregnane X receptor (PXR). Since the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) issued a draft re-evaluation of BPA and drastically reduced the temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) of BPA from 4 mg/kg body weight/day to 0.2 ng/kg body weight/day due to increasing concern about the toxic properties of BPA, including its potential to disrupt immune system processes, we conducted a comprehensive review of the immunomodulatory activity of environmentally abundant BPA analogues. The results of the review suggest that BPA analogues may affect both the innate and acquired immune systems and can contribute to various immune-mediated conditions such as hypersensitivity reactions, allergies, and disruption of the human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kodila
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Franko
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Sollner Dolenc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Street ME, Shulhai AM, Rotondo R, Giannì G, Caffarelli C. Current knowledge on the effects of environmental contaminants in early life nutrition. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1120293. [PMID: 37324741 PMCID: PMC10267348 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1120293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast milk represents the optimal source of feeding for newborns, in terms of nutritional compounds and as it provides immunological, metabolic, organic, and neurological well-being. As a complex biological fluid, it consists not only of nutritional compounds but also contains environmental contaminants. Formulas through production, contact with bottles and cups, and complementary feeding can also be contaminated. The current review focuses on endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and made-man xenoestrogens present in the environment and both commonly present in food sources, agricultural practices, packaging, consumer products, industry, and medical care. These contaminants are transferred by passive diffusion to breast milk and are delivered during breastfeeding. They mainly act by activating or antagonizing hormonal receptors. We summarize the effects on the immune system, gut microbiota, and metabolism. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and indirect food additives may induce tissue inflammation and polarize lymphocytes, increase proinflammatory cytokines, promote allergic sensitization, and microbial dysbiosis, activate nuclear receptors and increase the incidence of allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. Breast milk is the most important optimal source in early life. This mini-review summarizes current knowledge on environmental contaminants and paves the way for strategies to prevent milk contamination and limit maternal and infant exposure during pregnancy and the first months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Street
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Unit of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna-Mariia Shulhai
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Unit of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Rotondo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Unit of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giannì
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Unit of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Caffarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Unit of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Park SJ, Jang JW, Moon EY. Bisphenol A-induced autophagy ameliorates human B cell death through Nrf2-mediated regulation of Atg7 and Beclin1 expression by Syk activation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115061. [PMID: 37257343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The widely used plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA) is known as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). Many studies have shown that BPA contributes to diseases involving immune system alterations, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. We previously reported that BPA at concentration of 100 μM caused human B cell death in accordance with an increase in nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2(Nrf2) expression. Autophagy is a cellular process that degraded and recycles cytoplasmic constituents. Here, we investigated whether BPA induces autophagy through Nrf2, which is associated with regulation of B cell death using human WiL2-NS lymphoblast B cells. Then, cell viability was assessed by various assays using trypan blue, MTT or Celltiter glo luminescent substrate and DAPI. When WiL2-NS cells were treated with BPA, cell viability was decreased and LC3 autophagy cargo protein/puncta was increased. BPA-induced autophagy was confirmed by the modification of LC3 puncta formation or autophagy flux turnover with the treatment of hydroxychloroquine(HCQ), NH4Cl and PI3K inhibitors including 3-methyladenine(3-MA), LY294002 and wortmannin. BPA treatment increased the expression of autophagy-related gene(Atg)7 and Beclin1 as well as Nrf2 induced by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The inhibition of autophagy with siAtg7 or siBeclin1 and Nrf2 depletion aggravated BPA-induced cell death. BPA enhanced the bound of Nrf2 to the specific region on Beclin1 and Atg7 promoter. Spleen tyrosine kinase(Syk) activity was enhanced in response to BPA treatment. Bay61-3606, Syk inhibitor, decreased LC3 and the expression of Atg7 and Beclin1, leading to the increase of BPA-induced B cell death. The results suggest that BPA-induced autophagy ameliorates human B cell death through Nrf2-mediated regulation of Atg7 and Beclin1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Jeong Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Jang
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, the Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, the Republic of Korea.
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Jiang W, Ding K, Huang W, Xu F, Lei M, Yue R. Potential effects of bisphenol A on diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications: A narrative review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16340. [PMID: 37251906 PMCID: PMC10213369 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease caused by multiple factors such as genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Bisphenol A (BPA), as one of the most common endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), has been strongly implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). BPA exposure is associated with target organ damage in DM and may exacerbate the progression of some chronic complications of DM. This paper reviews relevant epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies to better understand BPA's potential risk associations and pathological mechanisms in several chronic diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Kaixi Ding
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Chengdu University of Technology, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Ming Lei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
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Lambré C, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Chesson A, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Silano (until 21 December 2020†) V, Steffensen I, Tlustos C, Vernis L, Zorn H, Batke M, Bignami M, Corsini E, FitzGerald R, Gundert‐Remy U, Halldorsson T, Hart A, Ntzani E, Scanziani E, Schroeder H, Ulbrich B, Waalkens‐Berendsen D, Woelfle D, Al Harraq Z, Baert K, Carfì M, Castoldi AF, Croera C, Van Loveren H. Re-evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs. EFSA J 2023; 21:e06857. [PMID: 37089179 PMCID: PMC10113887 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.6857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2015, EFSA established a temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) for BPA of 4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day. In 2016, the European Commission mandated EFSA to re-evaluate the risks to public health from the presence of BPA in foodstuffs and to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI). For this re-evaluation, a pre-established protocol was used that had undergone public consultation. The CEP Panel concluded that it is Unlikely to Very Unlikely that BPA presents a genotoxic hazard through a direct mechanism. Taking into consideration the evidence from animal data and support from human observational studies, the immune system was identified as most sensitive to BPA exposure. An effect on Th17 cells in mice was identified as the critical effect; these cells are pivotal in cellular immune mechanisms and involved in the development of inflammatory conditions, including autoimmunity and lung inflammation. A reference point (RP) of 8.2 ng/kg bw per day, expressed as human equivalent dose, was identified for the critical effect. Uncertainty analysis assessed a probability of 57-73% that the lowest estimated Benchmark Dose (BMD) for other health effects was below the RP based on Th17 cells. In view of this, the CEP Panel judged that an additional uncertainty factor (UF) of 2 was needed for establishing the TDI. Applying an overall UF of 50 to the RP, a TDI of 0.2 ng BPA/kg bw per day was established. Comparison of this TDI with the dietary exposure estimates from the 2015 EFSA opinion showed that both the mean and the 95th percentile dietary exposures in all age groups exceeded the TDI by two to three orders of magnitude. Even considering the uncertainty in the exposure assessment, the exceedance being so large, the CEP Panel concluded that there is a health concern from dietary BPA exposure.
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Yu H, Song W, Chen X, Zhao Q, Du X. Transcriptomic analysis reveals up-regulated histone genes may play a key role in zebrafish embryo-larvae response to Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114578. [PMID: 36709539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) can induce complex regulatory mechanisms in many aquatic organisms, and it is difficult to find a suitable analytical method to efficiently enrich key genes responding to BPA exposure. In this study, zebrafish embryo transcriptomic data were obtained from two types of different BPA exposure methods. After BPA exposure, three differential gene enrichment methods were used jointly to identify up-regulated genes or pathways in zebrafish embryo larvae. The results showed that the systemic lupus erythematosus signaling pathway was significantly enriched in all BPA exposure groups. It was also noteworthy that most of the up-regulated genes in systemic lupus erythematosus signaling were histones. In conclusion, this study suggested that autoimmunity signaling was the most common important pathway in zebrafish embryo-larvae response to different BPA exposures, and histones may play a key role in response to low-concentration BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Jining University, Jining 273155, China
| | - Wenlu Song
- School of Engineering, Jining University, Jining 273155, China
| | - Xue Chen
- School of Engineering, Jining University, Jining 273155, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Jining University, Jining 273155, China
| | - Xinxin Du
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Jining University, Jining 273155, China.
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Welch C, Johnson E, Tupikova A, Anderson J, Tinsley B, Newman J, Widman E, Alfareh A, Davis A, Rodriguez L, Visger C, Miller-Schulze JP, Lee W, Mulligan K. Bisphenol A affects neurodevelopmental gene expression, cognitive function, and neuromuscular synaptic morphology in Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotoxicology 2022; 89:67-78. [PMID: 35041872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmentally prevalent endocrine disrupting chemical that can impact human health and may be an environmental risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders. BPA has been associated with behavioral impairment in children and a variety of neurodevelopmental phenotypes in model organisms. We used Drosophila melanogaster to explore the consequences of developmental BPA exposure on gene expression, cognitive function, and synapse development. Our transcriptome analysis indicated neurodevelopmentally relevant genes were predominantly downregulated by BPA. Among the misregulated genes were those with roles in learning, memory, and synapse development, as well as orthologs of human genes associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. To examine how gene expression data corresponded to behavioral and cellular phenotypes, we first used a predator-response behavioral paradigm and found that BPA disrupts visual perception. Further analysis using conditioned courtship suppression showed that BPA impairs associative learning. Finally, we examined synapse morphology within the larval neuromuscular junction and found that BPA significantly increased the number of axonal branches. Given that our findings align with studies of BPA in mammalian model organisms, this data indicates that BPA impairs neurodevelopmental pathways that are functionally conserved from invertebrates to mammals. Further, because Drosophila do not possess classic estrogen receptors or estrogen, this research suggests that BPA can impact neurodevelopment by molecular mechanisms distinct from its role as an estrogen mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Welch
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA
| | - Eden Johnson
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA
| | - Angelina Tupikova
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA
| | - Judith Anderson
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA
| | - Brendan Tinsley
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA
| | - Johnathan Newman
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA
| | - Erin Widman
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA
| | - Adam Alfareh
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA
| | - Alexandra Davis
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA
| | - Lucero Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA
| | - Clayton Visger
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA
| | - Justin P Miller-Schulze
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA
| | - Wendy Lee
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA
| | - Kimberly Mulligan
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6077, USA.
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Shamhari A‘A, Abd Hamid Z, Budin SB, Shamsudin NJ, Taib IS. Bisphenol A and Its Analogues Deteriorate the Hormones Physiological Function of the Male Reproductive System: A Mini-Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1744. [PMID: 34829973 PMCID: PMC8615890 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BPA is identified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical that deteriorates the physiological function of the hormones of the male reproductive system. Bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) are actively explored as substitutes for BPA and are known as BPA analogues in most manufacturing industries. These analogues may demonstrate the same adverse effects as BPA on the male reproductive system; however, toxicological data explaining the male reproductive hormones' physiological functions are still limited. Hence, this mini-review discusses the effects of BPA and its analogues on the physiological functions of hormones in the male reproductive system, focusing on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, steroidogenesis, and spermatogenesis outcomes. The BPA analogues mainly show a similar negative effect on the hormones' physiological functions, proven by alterations in the HPG axis and steroidogenesis via activation of the aromatase activity and reduction of spermatogenesis outcomes when compared to BPA in in vitro and in vivo studies. Human biomonitoring studies also provide significant adverse effects on the physiological functions of hormones in the male reproductive system. In conclusion, BPA and its analogues deteriorate the physiological functions of hormones in the male reproductive system as per in vitro, in vivo, and human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma’ ‘Afifah Shamhari
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (A.‘A.S.); (Z.A.H.); (S.B.B.)
| | - Zariyantey Abd Hamid
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (A.‘A.S.); (Z.A.H.); (S.B.B.)
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (A.‘A.S.); (Z.A.H.); (S.B.B.)
| | - Nurul Jehan Shamsudin
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (A.‘A.S.); (Z.A.H.); (S.B.B.)
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12
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Tian S, Yan S, Meng Z, Huang S, Sun W, Jia M, Teng M, Zhou Z, Zhu W. New insights into bisphenols induced obesity in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Activation of cannabinoid receptor CB1. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126100. [PMID: 34098260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols (BPs), as widely used plastic additives, penetrate into our daily lives. BPs are considered endocrine disruptors and could potentially induce obesity. In this study, the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) on food intake and lipid metabolism in zebrafish were determined. Moreover, the impact of BPA and TBBPA on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) of zebrafish was further explored by metabolomics, transcriptomics, and molecular docking analysis. Here we show that exposure to BPA and TBBPA at concentrations commonly found in the environment (20, 100, and 500 μg/L) led to hyperphagia and obesity in adult male zebrafish. Metabolomics and histopathological analysis revealed significant lipid accumulation in the liver of zebrafish exposed to BPA and TBBPA. The expression of ECS-related genes, in conjunction with RNA-Seq results, further indicated that BPA and TBBPA increased appetite and induced obesity by activating cannabinoid receptor type 1(CB1). Furthermore, molecular docking revealed that six representative BPs including BPA and TBBPA could bind to the CB1 receptor. Collectively, these findings indicate that CB1 may be a potential target for BPs to induce obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinuo Tian
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shiran Huang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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13
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Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental pollutants affect many physiological, biochemical, and endocrine actions as reproduction, metabolism, immunity, behavior and as such can interfere with any aspect of hormone action. Microbiota and their genes, microbiome, a large body of microorganisms, first of all bacteria and co-existing in the host´s gut, are now believed to be autonomous endocrine organ, participating at overall endocrine, neuroendocrine and immunoendocrine regulations. While an extensive literature is available on the physiological and pathological aspects of both players, information about their mutual relationships is scarce. In the review we attempted to show various examples where both, endocrine disruptors and microbiota are meeting and can act cooperatively or in opposition and to show the mechanism, if known, staying behind these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hampl
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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14
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Kim JY, Shin GS, Kim CH, Kim MJ, An MJ, Lee HM, Kim JW. The cytotoxic effects of bisphenol A alternatives in human lung fibroblast MRC5 cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Lazurova Z, Lazurova I, Shoenfeld Y. Bisphenol A as a Factor in the Mosaic of Autoimmunity. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:728-737. [PMID: 33992069 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210516000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The population worldwide is largely exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), a commonly used plasticizer, that has a similar molecular structure to endogenous estrogens. Therefore, it is able to influence physiological processes in human body, taking part in the pathophysiology of various endocrinopathies, as well as, cardiovascular, neurological and oncological diseases. BPA has been found to affect the immune system, leading to the development of autoimmunity and allergies, too. In the last few decades, the prevalence of autoimmune diseases has significantly increased, that could be explained by a rising exposure of the population to environmental factors, such as BPA. BPA has been found to play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases and also organ-specific autoimmunity (thyroid autoimmunity, diabetes mellitus type 1, myocarditis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, encephalomyelitis etc), but the results of some studies remain still controversial, so further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Lazurova
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of University of PJ Safarik, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ivica Lazurova
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of University of PJ Safarik, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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16
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Cutolo M, Straub RH. Sex steroids and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: state of the art. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:628-644. [PMID: 33009519 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In autoimmune rheumatic diseases, oestrogens can stimulate certain immune responses (including effects on B cells and innate immunity), but can also have dose-related anti-inflammatory effects on T cells, macrophages and other immune cells. By contrast, androgens and progesterone have predominantly immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. Hormone replacement therapies and oral contraception (and also pregnancy) enhance or decrease the severity of autoimmune rheumatic diseases at a genetic or epigenetic level. Serum androgen concentrations are often low in men and in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, suggesting that androgen-like compounds might be a promising therapeutic approach. However, androgen-to-oestrogen conversion (known as intracrinology) is enhanced in inflamed tissues, such as those present in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In addition, it is becoming evident that the gut microbiota differs between the sexes (known as the microgenderome) and leads to sex-dependent genetic and epigenetic changes in gastrointestinal inflammation, systemic immunity and, potentially, susceptibility to autoimmune or inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Future clinical research needs to focus on the therapeutic use of androgens and progestins or their downstream signalling cascades and on new oestrogenic compounds such as tissue-selective oestrogen complex to modulate altered immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratories and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Postgraduate School of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine DIMI, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Choi S, Kim MJ, Park YJ, Kim S, Choi K, Cheon GJ, Cho YH, Jeon HL, Yoo J, Park J. Thyroxine-binding globulin, peripheral deiodinase activity, and thyroid autoantibody status in association of phthalates and phenolic compounds with thyroid hormones in adult population. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 140:105783. [PMID: 32464474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to consumer chemicals such as phthalates and phenolic compounds has been associated with thyroid hormone disruption in humans. However, information related to factors that may influence such associations, e.g., transport and activation of the hormones, and autoimmunity status, is limited. In the present study, we employed a subpopulation of adults (n = 1,254) who participated in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2015-2017, and associated urinary concentrations of major phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A (BPA), and parabens, with thyroid hormone-related measures, including free and total T3 and T4, TSH, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), calculated peripheral deiodinase (DIO) activity, and thyroid autoantibodies of thyroperoxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg). Phthalate metabolites were negatively associated with total T4 and free T3, and positively associated with total T3. These observations could be explained by TBG levels and calculated peripheral DIO activity that were positively associated with phthalates exposure. In contrast, BPA was positively associated with total T4 and negatively associated with total T3, without any changes in TBG concentration. Serum TPO and Tg antibodies were not associated with urinary phthalate metabolites and BPA. However, thyroid autoantibody status appeared to modulate the association of some phthalates with thyroid hormones. For parabens, little to negligible association was observed. The results of our observation show potential underlying mechanisms of phthalates-induced thyroid hormone disruption, and suggests the importance of consideration of thyroid autoimmunity status in association studies for thyroid disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyeon Choi
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Hye Li Jeon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea.
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Jang JW, Lee JW, Yoon YD, Kang JS, Moon EY. Bisphenol A and its substitutes regulate human B cell survival via Nrf2 expression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113907. [PMID: 32023790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
B cells contribute to produce inflammatory cytokines and antibodies, to present autoantigens, and to interact with T cells, which lead to body defense and disease control. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2(Nrf2) is responsible for gene expression of antioxidant enzymes to protect cells from oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species(ROS) production. Bisphenol A(BPA) may not be safe due to the effect on body's physiological functions. The chemicals that substitute for BPA may still have similar effects in the body. Tritan™ copolyester is a novel plastic form using BPA substitutes, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol(CHDM), dimethyl terephthalate(DMT), and 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol(TMCD). Isosorbide(ISO) was also used as a substitute for TMCD and DMT. Here, we investigated whether B cell viability is influenced by BPA and its substitutes via Nrf2 induction using WiL2-NS human B lymphoblast cells. When cytotoxicity was measured by using assays with MTT, CellTiter-Glo, trypan blue and propidium iodide, cytotoxicity by BPA was higher than that by substitutes. BPA and its substitutes showed significant cytotoxicity and ROS production, which were attenuated by the treatment with N-acetylcysteine(NAC), a ROS scavenger. In addition, BPA treatment enhanced gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase(HO)-1, catalase, superoxide dismutase(SOD) 1 and 2. As H2O2 treatment induced cell death and Nrf2 amount in WiL2-NS cells, BPA treatment increased Nrf2. Cell death by H2O2 was increased in doxycycline-inducible Nrf2-knockdown(KD) cells. In Cytotoxicity by the treatment with BPA or its substitutes was also enhanced in Nrf2-KD cells but that was reduced by Nrf2 overexpression compared to control cells. Taken together, these results implicate that B cell cytotoxicity by substitutes should be lower than BPA and Nrf2 can prevent B cells from BPA- or BPA substitutes-induced cytotoxicity via ROS production. Data suggest that the comprehensive studies or evaluation could be necessary to replace BPA in manufacture by other substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Jang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Dae Yoon
- Bio-evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Kang
- Bio-evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Wang J, She C, Li Z, Tang N, Xu L, Liu Z, Liu B. In vitro impact of bisphenol A on maturation and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 42:28-36. [PMID: 31876196 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1706554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that environmental factors accelerate the progress of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Bisphenol A (BPA), a classic endocrine disrupting chemical, affects the immune system. However, the impact of BPA on pSS has not yet been reported. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential relationship between BPA, estrogen receptor (ER), and pSS.Methods: We studied the impact of BPA on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from pSS patients and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Morphological effects were observed under inverted microscope. Surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. ER and cytokine profiles were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The ability of moDCs to stimulate CD4+ T cells activation was assessed by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR).Results: moDCs from both pSS patients and HCs expressed ERα as well as ERβ. After BPA-exposure, expression of ERα increased significantly in pSS patients, while that of ERβ remained unchanged. moDCs from BPA-exposed pSS patients showed irregular morphology and reduction in cell aggregation. BPA increased HLA-DR on moDCs of pSS patients via ERα, and promoted the secretion of IL6 and IL12. When co-cultured with BPA-treated moDCs, cytokines (IFN-γ, IL4, IL17, IL10) and transcription factors (T-bet, Gata3, RoR-γt, Foxp3) of CD4+ T cells showed imbalance of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg polarization, with Th1 and Th17 dominating.Conclusions: BPA altered the function of moDCs through ERα, including antigen capture, secretion of inflammatory factors, and ability to stimulate T cells, as well as accelerated the progression and further deterioration of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhui She
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lishan Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Bisphenol A triggers axonal injury and myelin degeneration with concomitant neurobehavioral toxicity in C57BL/6J male mice. Toxicology 2019; 428:152299. [PMID: 31574244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitously distributed endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). BPA exposure in humans has been a matter of concern due to its increased application in the products of day to day use. BPA has been reported to cause toxicity in almost all the vital organ systems even at a very low dose levels. It crosses the blood brain barrier and causes neurotoxicity. We studied the effect of BPA on the cerebral cortex of C57BL/6J mice and examined whether BPA exposure alters the expression of axonal and myelin structural proteins. Male mice were dosed orally to 40 μg and 400 μg BPA/kg body weight for 60 days. BPA exposure resulted in memory loss, muscle coordination deficits and allodynia. BPA exposure also caused degeneration of immature and mature oligodendrocytes as evaluated by decreased mRNA levels of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase (CNPase), nestin, myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin-associated glycoprotein-1 (MAG-1) genes revealing myelin related pathology. It was observed that subchronic BPA exposure caused neuroinflammation through deregulation of inflammatory cytokines mRNA and protein expression which further resulted into neurotoxicity through axonal as well as myelin degeneration in the brain. BPA also caused increased oxidative stress in the brain. Our study indicates long-term subchronic low dose exposure to BPA has the potential to cause axonal degeneration and demyelination in the oligodendrocytes and neurons which may have implications in neurological and neuropsychological disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica and others.
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Watad A, Bragazzi NL, McGonagle D, Adawi M, Bridgewood C, Damiani G, Alijotas-Reig J, Esteve-Valverde E, Quaresma M, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) demonstrates distinct autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease associations according to the adjuvant subtype: Insights from an analysis of 500 cases. Clin Immunol 2019; 203:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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