1
|
Yadav A, Yadav R, Sharma V, Dutta U. A comprehensive guide to assess gut mycobiome and its role in pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:112-128. [PMID: 38409485 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune mediated chronic inflammatory disorder of gastrointestinal tract, which has underlying multifactorial pathogenic determinants such as environmental factors, susceptibility genes, gut microbial dysbiosis and a dysregulated immune response. Human gut is a frequent inhabitant of complex microbial ecosystem encompassing bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi and other microorganisms that have an undisputable role in maintaining balanced homeostasis. All of these microbes interact with immune system and affect human gut physiology either directly or indirectly with interaction of each other. Intestinal fungi represent a smaller but crucial component of the human gut microbiome. Besides interaction with bacteriome and virome, it helps in balancing homoeostasis between pathophysiological and physiological processes, which is often dysregulated in patients with IBD. Understanding of gut mycobiome and its clinical implications are still in in its infancy as opposed to bacterial component of gut microbiome, which is more often focused. Modulation of gut mycobiome represents a novel and promising strategy in the management of patients with IBD. Emerging mycobiome-based therapies such as diet interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics (both fungal and bacterial strains) and antifungals exhibit substantial effects in calibrating the gut mycobiome and restoring dysbalanced immune homeostasis by restoring the core gut mycobiome. In this review, we summarized compositional and functional diversity of the gut mycobiome in healthy individuals and patients with IBD, gut mycobiome dysbiosis in patients with IBD, host immune-fungal interactions and therapeutic role of modulation of intestinal fungi in patients with IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Yadav
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Renu Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Usha Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
The microbiome may impact cancer development, progression and treatment responsiveness, but its fungal components remain insufficiently studied in this context. In this review, we highlight accumulating evidence suggesting a possible involvement of commensal and pathogenic fungi in modulation of cancer-related processes. We discuss the mechanisms by which fungi can influence tumour biology, locally by activity exerted within the tumour microenvironment, or remotely through secretion of bioactive metabolites, modulation of host immunity and communications with neighbouring bacterial commensals. We examine prospects of utilising fungi-related molecular signatures in cancer diagnosis, patient stratification and assessment of treatment responsiveness, while highlighting challenges and limitations faced in performing such research. In all, we demonstrate that fungi likely constitute important members of mucosal and tumour-residing microbiomes. Exploration of fungal inter-kingdom interactions with the bacterial microbiome and the host and decoding of their causal impacts on tumour biology may enable their harnessing into cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Saftien
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eran Elinav
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gowen R, Gamal A, Di Martino L, McCormick TS, Ghannoum MA. Modulating the Microbiome for Crohn's Disease Treatment. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:828-840. [PMID: 36702360 PMCID: PMC10152883 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The central role of the gut microbiota in the regulation of health and disease has been convincingly demonstrated. Polymicrobial interkingdom interactions between bacterial (the bacteriome) and fungal (the mycobiome) communities of the gut have become a prominent focus for development of potential therapeutic approaches. In addition to polymicrobial interactions, the complex gut ecosystem also mediates interactions between the host and the microbiota. These interactions are complex and bidirectional; microbiota composition can be influenced by host immune response, disease-specific therapeutics, antimicrobial drugs, and overall ecosystems. However, the gut microbiota also influences host immune response to a drug or therapy by potentially transforming the drug's structure and altering bioavailability, activity, or toxicity. This is especially true in cases where the gut microbiota has produced a biofilm. The negative ramifications of biofilm formation include alteration of gut permeability, enhanced antimicrobial resistance, and alteration of host immune response effectiveness. Natural modulation of the gut microbiota, using probiotic and prebiotic approaches, may also be used to affect the host microbiome, a type of "natural" modulation of the host microbiota composition. In this review, we discuss potential bidirectional interactions between microbes and host, and we describe the changes in gut microbiota induced by probiotic and prebiotic approaches as well as their potential clinical consequences, including biofilm formation. We outline a systematic approach to designing probiotics capable of altering the host microbiota in disease states, using Crohn's disease as a model chronic disease. Understanding how the effective changes in the microbiome may enhance treatment efficacy may unlock the possibility of modulating the gut microbiome to improve treatment using a natural approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Gowen
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ahmed Gamal
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Luca Di Martino
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio
| | - Thomas S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mahmoud A Ghannoum
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng L, Feng Z, Zhuo M, Wen Z, Zhu C, Tang C, Liu L, Wang Y. Fecal fungal microbiota alterations associated with clinical phenotypes in Crohn's disease in southwest China. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14260. [PMID: 36275466 PMCID: PMC9586077 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies reported that gut fungal microbiota was associated with Crohn's disease (CD), only a few studies have focused on the correlation between gut fungi and clinical phenotypes of CD. Here, we aimed to analyze the association between intestinal fungi and the occurrence of CD, disease activity, biological behaviors, and perianal lesions. Stool samples from subjects meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected for running internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) high-throughput sequencing. Then, correlation analysis was conducted between intestinal fungi and different clinical groups. There were 45 patients with CD and 17 healthy controls (HCs) enrolled. Results showed that two phyla, Rozellomycota and Mortierellomycota, were not present in patients with CD compared to HCs. At the same time, there was a higher abundance of fungal genera and species belonging to the phylum Ascomycota in patients with CD. SparCC network analysis showed fewer interactions among the fungal communities in patients with CD compared to HCs. Exophiala dermatitidis was positively associated with the clinical active stage and platelet count. The genus Candida was with significantly higher abundance in the non-B1 CD group based on the Montreal classification. Clonostachys, Humicola, and Lophiostoma were significantly enriched in patients with CD with perianal lesions. Our results demonstrated that the composition of the intestinal fungal microbiota in patients with CD and HCs was markedly different, some of which might play a pathogenic role in the occurrence of CD and perianal lesions. Exophiala dermatitidis and genus Candida might be associated with active disease stage and type non-B1 CD (CD with intestinal stenosis or penetrating lesions, or both), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ma Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lhasa People’s Hospital, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Zhonghui Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cairong Zhu
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gao H, He Q, Xu C, Pang Z, Feng B, Chen T, Yang W, Zhou G, Wang Y, Li J, Su J, Miao Y, Zhao Y, Liao Z, Xu C, Liu Z. The Development and Validation of Anti-paratuberculosis-nocardia Polypeptide Antibody [Anti-pTNP] for the Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1110-1123. [PMID: 35029687 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-invasive biomarkers in sera of patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are not currently available for rapidly and accurately diagnosing the disease. We aimed to investigate and validate the potential roles of anti-paratuberculosis-nocardia polypeptide antibodies [anti-pTNP] in the diagnosis of IBD. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 502 patients with diagnosed Crohn's disease [CD], 141 patients with ulcerative colitis [UC], and 109 healthy donors. The levels of anti-pTNPs and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies [ASCAs] were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of each variable on the diagnosis were analysed by receiver operating characteristic [ROC] analysis. We also performed an estimate study by first developing a clinical prediction model, with external validation in CD patients from nine IBD medical centres in China. RESULTS The levels of anti-pTNPs in sera of CD patients were higher than those in UC patients and healthy donors. The positive rates of anti-pTNPs were significantly higher in ileal CD patients than in ileocolonic and colonic CD patients, and the levels of anti-pTNP IgG in perianal patients were significantly higher than those in non-perianal CD patients. Of note, anti-pTNPs and perianal diseases were important predictors for active stage of CD patients. Discriminative ability to predict active CD patients was 0.918 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.886-0.949). CONCLUSIONS Anti-pTNP functions as a novel biological marker for diagnosing CD and can be used to assess disease severity, particularly in those with lesion locations in the terminal ileum and stricturing and perianal diseases. A validated prediction model reveals that anti-pTNPs are useful for estimating the likelihood of active CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong He
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Zhi Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baisui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Analysis, Shanxi Ruihao Biotechnology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Laboratory of Experimental Analysis, Shanxi Ruihao Biotechnology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guangxi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing,China
| | - Jingling Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yinglei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuan Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rodrigues M, Bueno C, Lomazi EA, Fernandes MIM, Neufeld CB, D'Amico MFM, Patiño FRDA. CLASSICAL SEROLOGICAL MARKERS IN PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN BRAZIL. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2021; 58:495-503. [PMID: 34909856 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCAs) have long been used to differentiate between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), more recently having been used as prognostic indicators. OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic accuracy of serological markers in the identification of pediatric CD and UC in Sao Paulo, Brazil, as well as to correlate those markers with characteristics demographic and clinical of these two diseases. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional multi-center study involving pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We identified ASCAs serological markers and p-ANCA, correlating their presence with demographic and clinical data, not only in the patients with IBD but also in a group of age-matched gastrointestinal disease-free controls. RESULTS A total of 122 patients, 74 with IBD (46% males), treated at four pediatric gastroenterology referral centers, the mean age of 13±7 years, 49 (66%) with CD, and 25 (34%) with UC. The control Group comprised 48 patients (54% males). The proportion of patients testing positive for p-ANCA was significantly higher in the UC group (69.9%) compared to the CD group (30.4%), as well as being significantly higher in the CD group versus the control Group (P<0.001 for both). The proportion of patients testing positive for ASCA IgA (76.2%) and ASCA IgG (94.4%) markers was also significantly higher in the CD group than in the control Group (P<0.001), and such positivity correlated significantly with the use of immunomodulatory medications such as azathioprine and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents (azathioprine 38.9%, anti-TNF 55.6%; P=0.002). In the CD group, the proportion of patients testing positive for the ASCA IgA was significantly higher among those who underwent surgery than among those who did not (26.86±17.99; P=0.032). CONCLUSION In pediatric patients with IBD in Sao Paulo, Brazil, serological tests proving to be highly specific, although not very sensitive, for the diagnosis of IBD. However, the serological markers showed a positive correlation with the severity of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maraci Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Cleonice Bueno
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Laboratório de Investigação Médica Reumatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Elizete Aparecida Lomazi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Pediatria, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Inez Machado Fernandes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Pediatria, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a life-threatening and chronic inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal tissue, with complex pathogenesis. Current research on IBD has mainly focused on bacteria; however, the role of fungi in IBD is largely unknown due to the incomplete annotation of fungi in current genomic databases. With the development of molecular techniques, the gut mycobiome has been found to have great diversity. In addition, increasing evidence has shown intestinal mycobiome plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of IBD. In this review, we will systemically introduce the recent knowledge about multi-dimensional fungal dysbiosis associated with IBD, the interactions between fungus and bacteria, the role of fungi in inflammation in IBD, and highlight recent advances in the potential therapeutic role of fungus in IBD, which may hold the keys to develop new predictive, therapeutic or prognostic approaches in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sui Wang
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Rong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education (Peking University), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Bo Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A Pilot Clinical Study on Post-Operative Recurrence Provides Biological Clues for a Role of Candida Yeasts and Fluconazole in Crohn's Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050324. [PMID: 33922391 PMCID: PMC8146386 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: This study prompted by growing evidence of the relationship between the yeast Candida albicans and Crohn’s disease (CD) was intended to assess the effect of a 6-month course of the antifungal fluconazole (FCZ) on post-operative recurrence of CD. Methods: Mycological samples (mouth swabs and stools) and serum samples were collected from 28 CD patients randomized to receive either FCZ (n = 14) or placebo (n = 14) before surgical resection. Serological analysis focused on levels of calprotectin, anti-glycan antibodies, and antibody markers of C. albicans pathogenic transition. Levels of galectin-3 and mannose binding lectin (MBL) involved in C. albicans sensing and inflammation were also measured. Results: 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after surgery, endoscopy revealed recurrence in 5/12 (41.7%) patients in the FCZ group and 5/9 (55.6%) in the placebo group, the small cohort preventing any clinical conclusions. In both groups, surgery was followed by a marked decrease in C. albicans colonization and biomarkers of C. albicans pathogenic transition decreased to non-significant levels. Anti-glycan antibodies also decreased but remained significant for CD. Galectin-3 and calprotectin also decreased. Conversely, MBL levels, which inversely correlated with anti-C. albicans antibodies before surgery, remained stable. Building biostatistical multivariate models to analyze he changes in antibody and lectin levels revealed a significant relationship between C. albicans and CD. Conclusion: Several combinations of biomarkers of adaptive and innate immunity targeting C. albicans were predictive of CD recurrence after surgery, with area under the curves (AUCs) as high as 0.86. FCZ had a positive effect on biomarkers evolution. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02997059, 19 December 2016. University Hospital Lille, Ministry of Health, France. Effect of Fluconazole on the Levels of Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibodies (ASCA) After Surgical Resection for Crohn’s Disease. Multicenter, Randomized, and Controlled in Two Parallel Groups Versus Placebo.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gurzu S, Jung I. Subcellular Expression of Maspin in Colorectal Cancer: Friend or Foe. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030366. [PMID: 33498377 PMCID: PMC7864036 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review the authors aimed to emphasize the practical value of nuclear expression of the mammary serine protease inhibitor (maspin), also known as serpin B5 protein, in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), from pre-malignant disorders to carcinogenesis and metastasis. As the role of maspin is controversial and not yet understood, the present update highlights the latest data revealed by literature which were filtrated through the daily experience of the authors, which was gained at microscopic examination of maspin expression in CRCs and other tumors for daily diagnosis. Data regarding the subcellular localization of maspin, in correlation with the microsatellite status, grade of tumor dedifferentiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon of the tumor buds were presented with details. An original observation refers to the maspin capacity to mark the tumor cells which are "at the point of budding" that were previously considered as having "hybrid EMT phenotype". It refers to the transitional status of tumor cell that is between "epithelial status" and "mesenchymal status". The second original hypothesis highlights the possible role of maspin in dysregulating the intestinal microbiota, in patients with idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and inducing IBD-related CRC. The dynamic process of budding and EMT of tumor buds, possible mediated by maspin, needs further investigation and validation in many human CRC samples. The histological and molecular data reveal that synthesis of maspin-based therapeutics might represent a novel individualized therapeutic strategy for patients with CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gurzu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-7-4567-3550; Fax: +40-2-6521-0407
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu WJH, Zegarra-Ruiz DF, Diehl GE. Intestinal Microbes in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:597966. [PMID: 33424846 PMCID: PMC7786055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.597966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders are characterized by dysregulated immune responses resulting in excessive and uncontrolled tissue inflammation. Multiple factors including genetic variation, environmental stimuli, and infection are all thought to contribute to continued inflammation and pathology. Current evidence supports the microbiota as one such factor with emerging data linking commensal organisms to the onset and progression of disease. In this review, we will discuss links between the microbiota and specific diseases as well as highlight common pathways that link intestinal microbes with multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jung H. Wu
- Immunology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Immunology Program of the Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel F. Zegarra-Ruiz
- Immunology Program of the Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gretchen E. Diehl
- Immunology Program of the Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Coufal S, Galanova N, Bajer L, Gajdarova Z, Schierova D, Jiraskova Zakostelska Z, Kostovcikova K, Jackova Z, Stehlikova Z, Drastich P, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Kverka M. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Types Differ in Markers of Inflammation, Gut Barrier and in Specific Anti-Bacterial Response. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070719. [PMID: 31337064 PMCID: PMC6678638 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC-IBD), share three major pathogenetic mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-gut dysbiosis, gut barrier failure and immune system dysregulation. While clinical differences among them are well known, the underlying mechanisms are less explored. To gain an insight into the IBD pathogenesis and to find a specific biomarker pattern for each of them, we used protein array, ELISA and flow cytometry to analyze serum biomarkers and specific anti-microbial B and T cell responses to the gut commensals. We found that decrease in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and increase in MMP-14 are the strongest factors discriminating IBD patients from healthy subjects and that PSC-IBD patients have higher levels of Mannan-binding lectin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), CD14 and osteoprotegerin than patients with UC. Moreover, we found that low transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is associated with disease relapse and low osteoprotegerin with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) therapy. Patients with CD have significantly decreased antibody and increased T cell response mainly to genera Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides. These results stress the importance of the gut barrier function and immune response to commensal bacteria and point at the specific differences in pathogenesis of PSC-IBD, UC and CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Coufal
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natalie Galanova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Bajer
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Gajdarova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Schierova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Klara Kostovcikova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Jackova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Stehlikova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drastich
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kverka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|