Isorhynchophylline attenuates proliferation and migration of synovial fibroblasts via the FOXC1/β-catenin axis

Isorhynchophylline Inhibits Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation

ABSTRACT

Isorhynchophylline is a Chinese herbal medicine and has multiple effects such as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Whether isorhynchophylline has antithrombotic property is unknown. This study aims to evaluate its role in platelet function. Human platelets were incubated with isorhynchophylline (0, 10, 20, and 40 μM) at 37°C for 1 hour to detect platelet aggregation and activation, receptors level, spreading, and calcium mobilization. In addition, isorhynchophylline (5 mg/kg) was injected into mice to measure in vivo hemostasis and thrombosis. Isorhynchophylline dose-dependently reduced platelet aggregation, adenosine triphosphate secretion, P-selectin expression, and α IIb β 3 activation induced by collagen-related peptide or thrombin without affecting surface level of receptors α IIb β 3 , GPIbα, and glycoprotein VI. Meanwhile, isorhynchophylline-treated platelets showed reduced spreading. Moreover, isorhynchophylline reduced platelet calcium mobilization, phosphatidylserine exposure, and the phosphorylation of PLCγ2 and PKCα. Furthermore, administration of isorhynchophylline into mice impaired platelet hemostatic function and arterial/venous thrombosis without affecting coagulation. In conclusion, isorhynchophylline impairs platelet function and arterial/venous thrombosis, implying its potential to be a novel agent for treating thrombotic or cardiovascular diseases.

The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in type 2 inflammation related diseases

Type 2 inflammation related diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, are diverse and affect multiple systems in the human body. It is common for individuals to have multiple co-existing type 2 inflammation related diseases, which can impose a significant financial and living burden on patients. However, the exact pathogenesis of these diseases is still unclear. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a protein complex composed of the NLRP3 protein, ASC, and Caspase-1, and is activated through various mechanisms, including the NF-κB pathway, ion channels, and lysosomal damage. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in the immune response to pathogens and cellular damage. Recent studies have indicated a strong correlation between the abnormal activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the onset of type 2 inflammation. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that suppressing NLRP3 expression effectively diminishes the inflammatory response, highlighting its promising therapeutic applications. Therefore, this article reviews the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the development and therapy of multiple type 2 inflammation related diseases.