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Yang X, Wu M, Yan X, Zhang C, Luo Y, Yu J. Pulsatilla Saponins Inhibit Experimental Lung Metastasis of Melanoma via Targeting STAT6-Mediated M2 Macrophages Polarization. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093682. [PMID: 37175092 PMCID: PMC10179893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsatilla saponins (PS) extracts from Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel, are a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. In the previous study, we found Pulsatilla saponins displayed anti-tumor activity without side effects such as bone marrow suppression. However, the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect was not illustrated well. Since M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that required activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) for polarization are the important immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and play a key role in tumor progress and metastasis, this study aimed to confirm whether Pulsatilla saponins could inhibit the development and metastasis of tumors by inhibiting the polarization of M2 macrophages. We investigated the relevance of M2 macrophage polarization and the anti-tumor effects of Pulsatilla saponins in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Pulsatilla saponins could decrease the mRNA level of M2 marker genes Arg1, Fizz1, Ym1, and CD206, and the down-regulation effect of phosphorylated STAT6 induced by IL-4; moreover, the conditioned medium (CM) from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) treated with Pulsatilla saponins could inhibit the proliferation and migration of B16-F0 cells. In vivo, Pulsatilla saponins could reduce the number of lung metastasis loci, down-regulate the expression of M2 marker genes, and suppress the expression of phosphorylated STAT6 in tumor tissues. Furthermore, we used AS1517499 (AS), a STAT6 inhibitor, to verify the role of PS on M2 macrophage polarization both in vitro and in vivo. We found that Pulsatilla saponins failed to further inhibit STAT6 activation; the mRNA level of Arg1, Fizz1, Ym1, and CD206; and the proliferation and migration of B16-F0 cells after AS1517499 intervention in vitro. Similar results were obtained in vivo. These results illustrated that Pulsatilla saponins could effectively suppress tumor progress by inhibiting the polarization of M2 macrophages via the STAT6 signaling pathway; this revealed a novel mechanism for its anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Associated Disease, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Miaolin Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Associated Disease, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xin Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yingying Luo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Associated Disease, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Gao D, Jin N, Fu Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Wang T, Chen Y, Zhang M, Xiao Q, Huang M, Li Y. Rational drug design of benzothiazole-based derivatives as potent signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113333. [PMID: 33689932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cumulative evidence supports STAT3, a transcriptional mediator of oncogenic signaling, as a therapeutic target in cancer. The development of STAT3 inhibitors remain an active area of research as no inhibitors have yet to be approved for cancer treatment. In a continuing effort to develop more potent STAT3 inhibitors based on our previously identified hit compound 16w, a series of benzothiazole derivatives with unique binding mode in SH2 domain of STAT3 were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. Of note, compound B19 demonstrated excellent activity against IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway with the IC50 value as low as 0.067 μM as determined by a luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, multiple compounds displayed potent antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-468 and JAK2 mutant HEL cell lines. Further biochemical study using Western blot assay indicated that B19 blocked the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr 705 and Ser 727 and thus suppressed STAT3-mediated gene expression of c-MYC and MCL-1. Simultaneously, it induced cancer cell G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis both in MDA-MB-468 and HEL cell lines. Finally, molecular docking study along with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and fluorescence polarization (FP) assays disclosed the binding mode of B19 in STAT3 SH2 domain. Taken together, our finding suggests that B19 is a promising therapeutic STAT3 inhibitor for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nan Jin
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yixian Fu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yueyue Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min Huang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Ruwanpura SM, Thomas BJ, Bardin PG. Pirfenidone: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications in Lung Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:413-422. [PMID: 31967851 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0328tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pirfenidone (PFD) is a pharmacological compound with therapeutic efficacy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It has been chiefly characterized as an antifibrotic agent, although it was initially developed as an antiinflammatory compound because of its ability to diminish the accumulation of inflammatory cells and cytokines. Despite recent studies that have elucidated key mechanisms, the precise molecular activities of PFD remain incompletely understood. PFD modulates fibrogenic growth factors, thereby attenuating fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, collagen and fibronectin synthesis, and deposition of extracellular matrix. This effect is mediated by suppression of TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1) and other growth factors. Here, we appraise the impact of PFD on TGF-β1 production and its downstream pathways. Accumulating evidence indicates that PFD also downregulates inflammatory pathways and therefore has considerable potential as a viable and innovative antiinflammatory compound. We examine the effects of PFD on inflammatory cells and the production of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in the lung. In this context, recent evidence that PFD can target inflammasome pathways and ensuing lung inflammation is highlighted. Finally, the antioxidant properties of PFD, such as its ability to inhibit redox reactions and regulate oxidative stress-related genes and enzymes, are detailed. In summary, this narrative review examines molecular mechanisms underpinning PFD and its recognized benefits in lung fibrosis. We highlight preclinical data that demonstrate the potential of PFD as a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent and outline areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleela M Ruwanpura
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Belinda J Thomas
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip G Bardin
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Caliskan C, Seeliger B, Jäger B, Fuge J, Welte T, Terwolbeck O, Freise J, van Moorsel CHM, Zhang Y, Prasse A. Genetic Variation in CCL18 Gene Influences CCL18 Expression and Correlates with Survival in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-Part B. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061993. [PMID: 32630441 PMCID: PMC7356861 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with high mortality. CC-chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) is predictive of survival in IPF. We described correlation of CCL18 serum levels with the genotype of rs2015086 C > T polymorphism the CCL18-gene, which was associated with survival in a pre-antifibrotic cohort (Part-A). Herein (Part-B), we aimed to validate these findings and to study the effects of antifibrotics. Two cohorts were prospectively recruited, cohort-A (n = 61, pre-antifibrotic) and cohort B (n = 101, received antifibrotics). Baseline CCL18 serum level measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, serially in cohort B) and genotyping of rs2015086 was performed and correlated with clinical outcomes. The CT genotype was present in 15% and 31% of patients. These patients had higher CCL18 levels compared to the TT-genotype (cohort-A: 234 vs. 115.8 ng/mL, p < 0.001; cohort B: 159.5 vs. 120 ng/mL, p = 0.0001). During antifibrotic therapy, CCL18 increased (p = 0.0036) regardless of rs2015086-genotype and antifibrotic-agent. In cohort-A, baseline CCL18-cutoff (>120 ng/mL) and CT-genotype were associated with mortality (p = 0.041 and p = 0.0051). In cohort-B, the CCL18-cutoff (>140 ng/mL) was associated with mortality (p = 0.003) and progression (p = 0.004), but not the CT/CC-genotype. In conclusion, we validated the correlation between rs2015086-genotype and CCL18 serum levels, which was predictive of (progression-free)-survival in two prospective validation cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canay Caliskan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Lung Research Center (DZL), 30265 Hannover, Germany; (C.C.); (B.S.); (J.F.); (T.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Benjamin Seeliger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Lung Research Center (DZL), 30265 Hannover, Germany; (C.C.); (B.S.); (J.F.); (T.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Benedikt Jäger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (B.J.); (O.T.)
| | - Jan Fuge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Lung Research Center (DZL), 30265 Hannover, Germany; (C.C.); (B.S.); (J.F.); (T.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Lung Research Center (DZL), 30265 Hannover, Germany; (C.C.); (B.S.); (J.F.); (T.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Oliver Terwolbeck
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (B.J.); (O.T.)
| | - Julia Freise
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Lung Research Center (DZL), 30265 Hannover, Germany; (C.C.); (B.S.); (J.F.); (T.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Coline H. M. van Moorsel
- Dept of Pulmonology, Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Antje Prasse
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Lung Research Center (DZL), 30265 Hannover, Germany; (C.C.); (B.S.); (J.F.); (T.W.); (J.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (B.J.); (O.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-511-532-3530
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Ni S, Song M, Guo W, Guo T, Shen Q, Peng H. Biomarkers and their potential functions in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:593-602. [PMID: 32187497 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1745066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, devastating, and progressive lung disease that is characterized by fibrosis and respiratory failure. IPF holds high morbidity and poor prognosis and still faces considerable problems of reliable diagnosis and valid prognosis. A growing body of literature have reported changes in the level of various biomarkers in IPF patients, which means that they are expected to become a new tool for the clinical practice of IPF.Areas covered: We reviewed the recent literature about biomarkers and focus on the role they play in IPF. We systematically searched Medline/PubMed through February 2020. Many works of literature have shown that a variety of biomolecules and genomics played multiple roles in the diagnosis or differential diagnosis, prognosis, and indication of acute deterioration of IPF and so on.Expert opinion: Significant advances have been made in the role of biomarkers for IPF these years; however, current data indicate that a single biomarker is unlikely to have a transformative effect on clinical practice; therefore, the combined effect of various biomarkers can be considered to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis. Further research of biomarkers may provide new insights for the diagnosis, prognosis, and even therapy of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ni
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University; The Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University; The Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University; The Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University; The Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinxue Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University; The Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University; The Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Dong ZM, Lin E, Wechsler ME, Weller PF, Klion AD, Bochner BS, Delker DA, Hazel MW, Fairfax K, Khoury P, Akuthota P, Merkel PA, Dyer AM, Langford C, Specks U, Gleich GJ, Chinchilli VM, Raby B, Yandell M, Clayton F. Pulmonary Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Has IgG4 Plasma Cells and Immunoregulatory Features. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1438-1448. [PMID: 32251643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immunologic mechanisms promoting eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) are unclear. To characterize the mechanisms underlying pulmonary EGPA, we examined and compared EGPA paraffin-embedded lung biopsies with normal lung biopsies, using immunostaining, RNA sequencing, and RT-PCR. The results revealed novel type 2 as well as immuneregulatory features. These features included basophils and increased mast cell contents; increased immunostaining for tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14; sparse mast cell degranulation; numerous forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3)+ regulatory T cells and IgG4 plasma cells; and abundant arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 α hydroxylase, mitochondrial. Significantly decreased 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], which degrades eicosanoids, was observed in EGPA samples. In addition, there was significantly increased mRNA for chemokine (C-C motif) ligands 18 and 13 and major collagen genes, IgG4-rich immune complexes coating alveolar macrophages, and increased immunostaining for phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/SMAD2, suggesting transforming growth factor-β activation. These findings suggest a novel self-promoting mechanism of activation of alveolar macrophages by arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids to express chemokines that recruit a combined type 2/immunoregulatory immune response, which produces these eicosanoids. These results suggest that the pulmonary EGPA immune response resembles the immune response to a tissue-invasive parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwin Lin
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Human Genetics, USTAR Center for Genetic Discovery, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Peter F Weller
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; (‖‖)Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy D Klion
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Paneez Khoury
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin Raby
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark Yandell
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Human Genetics, USTAR Center for Genetic Discovery, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Ueshima E, Fujimori M, Kodama H, Felsen D, Chen J, Durack JC, Solomon SB, Coleman JA, Srimathveeravalli G. Macrophage-secreted TGF-β 1 contributes to fibroblast activation and ureteral stricture after ablation injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F52-F64. [PMID: 31017012 PMCID: PMC6692725 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00260.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Iatrogenic injury to the healthy ureter during ureteroscope-guided ablation of malignant or nonmalignant disease can result in ureteral stricture. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-mediated scar formation is considered to underlie ureteral stricture, but the cellular sources of this cytokine and the sequelae preceding iatrogenic stricture formation are unknown. Using a swine model of ureteral injury with irreversible electroporation (IRE), we evaluated the cellular sources of TGF-β1 and scar formation at the site of injury and examined in vitro whether the effects of TGF-β1 could be attenuated by pirfenidone. We observed that proliferation and α-smooth muscle actin expression by fibroblasts were restricted to injured tissue and coincided with proliferation of macrophages. Collagen deposition and scarring of the ureter were associated with increased TGF-β1 expression in both fibroblasts and macrophages. Using in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that macrophages stimulated by cells that were killed with IRE, but not LPS, secreted TGF-β1, consistent with a wound healing phenotype. Furthermore, using 3T3 fibroblasts, we demonstrated that stimulation with paracrine TGF-β1 is necessary and sufficient to promote differentiation of fibroblasts and increase collagen secretion. In vitro, we also showed that treatment with pirfenidone, which modulates TGF-β1 activity, limits proliferation and TGF-β1 secretion in macrophages and scar formation-related activity by fibroblasts. In conclusion, we identified wound healing-related macrophages to be an important source of TGF-β1 in the injured ureter, which may be a paracrine source of TGF-β1 driving scar formation by fibroblasts, resulting in stricture formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Ueshima
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - Masashi Fujimori
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - Hiroshi Kodama
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - Diane Felsen
- Institute for Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jeremy C Durack
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Stephen B Solomon
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - Govindarajan Srimathveeravalli
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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SOCS molecules: the growing players in macrophage polarization and function. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60710-60722. [PMID: 28948005 PMCID: PMC5601173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of macrophage polarization is defined in terms of macrophage phenotypic heterogeneity and functional diversity. Cytokines signals are thought to be required for the polarization of macrophage populations toward different phenotypes at different stages in development, homeostasis and disease. The suppressors of cytokine signaling family of proteins contribute to the magnitude and duration of cytokines signaling, which ultimately control the subtle adjustment of the balance between divergent macrophage phenotypes. This review highlights the specific roles and mechanisms of various cytokines family and their negative regulators link to the macrophage polarization programs. Eventually, breakthrough in the identification of these molecules will provide the novel therapeutic approaches for a host of diseases by targeting macrophage phenotypic shift.
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Guiot J, Moermans C, Henket M, Corhay JL, Louis R. Blood Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Lung 2017; 195:273-280. [PMID: 28353114 PMCID: PMC5437192 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-9993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal lung disease of unknown origin whose incidence has been increasing over the latest decade partly as a consequence of population ageing. New anti-fibrotic therapy including pirfenidone and nintedanib have now proven efficacy in slowing down the disease. Nevertheless, diagnosis and follow-up of IPF remain challenging. METHODS This review examines the recent literature on potentially useful blood molecular and cellular biomarkers in IPF. Most of the proposed biomarkers belong to chemokines (IL-8, CCL18), proteases (MMP-1 and MMP-7), and growth factors (IGBPs) families. Circulating T cells and fibrocytes have also gained recent interest in that respect. Up to now, though several interesting candidates are profiling there has not been a single biomarker, which proved to be specific of the disease and predictive of the evolution (decline of pulmonary function test values, risk of acute exacerbation or mortality). CONCLUSION Large scale multicentric studies are eagerly needed to confirm the utility of these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guiot
- Pneumology Department, CHU Liège, Domaine universitaire du Sart-Tilman, B35, B4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Catherine Moermans
- Pneumology Department, CHU Liège, Domaine universitaire du Sart-Tilman, B35, B4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Monique Henket
- Pneumology Department, CHU Liège, Domaine universitaire du Sart-Tilman, B35, B4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Corhay
- Pneumology Department, CHU Liège, Domaine universitaire du Sart-Tilman, B35, B4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Renaud Louis
- Pneumology Department, CHU Liège, Domaine universitaire du Sart-Tilman, B35, B4000, Liège, Belgium
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