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Azizian S, Khezri S, Shabani M, Atashbar S, Salimi A. Vitamin D ameliorates celecoxib cardiotoxicity in a doxorubicin heart failure rat model via enhancement of the antioxidant defense and minimizing mitochondrial dysfunction. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5861-5873. [PMID: 38334825 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests the mechanistic role of mitochondria and oxidative stress in the development of celecoxib-induced cardiotoxicity. On the other, it has reported the positive effects of vitamin D on oxidative stress and the maintenance of mitochondrial functions. This current study examined the cardiac effects of celecoxib, doxorubicin, vitamin D, and a combination of them in rats. The effect of 10 days of celecoxib (100 mg/kg/day), doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg), vitamin D (60,000 U/kg), and their combination was studied on cardiac function according to serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenases (SDH) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial swelling, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Results showed that celecoxib and its combination with doxorubicin led to abnormality in paws and limbs, increased pressure in the eyes, blindness and animal death (in about 75% of the animals under study). Moreover, celecoxib and its combination with doxorubicin significantly increased cardiotoxicity biomarkers, oxidative stress markers (GSH and MDA), and mitochondrial toxicity parameters (SDH, ROS formation, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling). However, the combination of vitamin D with celecoxib and celecoxib + doxorubicin caused a significant reversal of deformity in paws and limbs, increased pressure in the eye, blindness, and animal death, as well as cardiotoxicity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial parameters. This study proved for the first time the beneficial effect of vitamin D on celecoxib-induced cardiotoxicity, which is aggravated in the presence of doxorubicin through the maintenance of mitochondrial functions and its antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Azizian
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saleh Khezri
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 56189-53141, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 56189-53141, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saman Atashbar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 56189-53141, Ardabil, Iran.
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Yoladi FB, Palabiyik-Yucelik SS, Bahador Zirh E, Halici Z, Baydar T. Effects of idebenone and coenzyme Q10 on NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway regulation on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38804209 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2351191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption leads to liver toxicity. There is a need to investigate effective therapeutic strategies to alleviate alcohol-induced liver injury, which remains the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore here, we looked into and evaluated how ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity was affected by coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and its analog, idebenone (IDE), on the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1 pathway. Hepatotoxicity induced in rats through the oral administration of gradually increasing dosages of ethanol (from 2 to 6 g/kg/day) over 30 days and the effect of CoQ10 (10 or 20 mg/kg) and IDE (50 or 100 mg/kg) were evaluated. Serum hepatotoxicity markers (ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, and TBIL), tissue oxidative stress markers and the mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-18, TGF-β, NF-κB, NLRP3, and caspase-1 were evaluated. Masson's trichrome staining was also used to visualize fibrosis in the liver tissue. The results indicated that ethanol exposure led to hepatotoxicity as well as considerable NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway activation. Moreover, CoQ10 or IDE treatment reduced measured parameters in a dosage-dependent manner. Thus, by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1 pathway, CoQ10 and IDE can prevent the hepatotoxicity caused by ethanol, although CoQ10 is more effective than IDE. This study will provide insight into new therapeutic avenues that take advantage of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CoQ10 and IDE in ethanol-induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Betül Yoladi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saziye Sezin Palabiyik-Yucelik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Elham Bahador Zirh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Terken Baydar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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LeFort KR, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ. Melatonin Prevents Alcohol- and Metabolic Dysfunction- Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Mitigating Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Endotoxemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:43. [PMID: 38247468 PMCID: PMC10812487 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) has often been used to support good sleep quality, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as many have suffered from stress-related disrupted sleep patterns. It is less known that MT is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and modulator of gut barrier dysfunction, which plays a significant role in many disease states. Furthermore, MT is produced at 400-500 times greater concentrations in intestinal enterochromaffin cells, supporting the role of MT in maintaining the functions of the intestines and gut-organ axes. Given this information, the focus of this article is to review the functions of MT and the molecular mechanisms by which it prevents alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), including its metabolism and interactions with mitochondria to exert its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the gut-liver axis. We detail various mechanisms by which MT acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and modulator of intestinal barrier function to prevent the progression of ALD and MASLD via the gut-liver axis, with a focus on how these conditions are modeled in animal studies. Using the mechanisms of MT prevention and animal studies described, we suggest behavioral modifications and several exogenous sources of MT, including food and supplements. Further clinical research should be performed to develop the field of MT in preventing the progression of liver diseases via the gut-liver axis, so we mention a few considerations regarding MT supplementation in the context of clinical trials in order to advance this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R. LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | | | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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Ishtiaq I, Zeb A, Badshah H, Alattar A, Alshaman R, Koh PO, Rehman NU, Shah FA, Althobaiti YS. Enhanced cardioprotective activity of ferulic acid-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle in an animal model of myocardial injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 476:116657. [PMID: 37597755 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction results in an increased inflammatory and oxidative stress response in the heart, and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress after MI may offer protective effects to the heart. In the present study, we examined the cardioprotective effects of ferulic acid (FA) and ferulic acid nanostructured solid lipid nanoparticles (FA-SLNs) in an isoproterenol (ISO) induced MI model. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five experimental groups to compare the effects of FA and FA-SLNs. The findings revealed that ISO led to extensive cardiomyopathy, characterized by increased infarction area, edema formation, pressure load, and energy deprivation. Additionally, ISO increased the levels of inflammatory markers (COX-2, NLRP3, and NF-кB) and apoptotic mediators such as p-JNK. However, treatment with FA and FA-SLNs mitigated the severity of the ISO-induced response, and elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes while downregulating inflammatory pathways, along with upregulation of the mitochondrial bioenergetic factor PPAR-γ. Furthermore, virtual docking analysis of FA with various protein targets supported the in vivo results, confirming drug-protein interactions. Overall, the results demonstrated that FA-SLNs offer a promising strategy for protecting the heart from further injury following MI. This is attributed to the improved drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes compared to FA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Ishtiaq
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Zeb
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Badshah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan KP, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Phil Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Addiction and Neuroscience Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
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Khaleel A, El-Sheakh AR, Suddek GM. Celecoxib abrogates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice: Possible involvement of Nrf2/HO-1, JNK signaling pathways and COX-2 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110442. [PMID: 37352567 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (ConA) is an established model for inducing autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in mice, mimicking clinical features in human. The aimof the current study is to explore the possible protective effect of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor,on immunological responses elicited in the ConA model of acute hepatitis. ConA (20 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to adult male mice for 6 h. Prior to ConA intoxication, mice in the treatedgroups received daily doses of celecoxib (30 and 60 mg/kg in CMC) for 7 days. Results revealed that administration of celecoxib 60 mg/kg for 7 days significantly protected the liver from ConA-induced liver damage revealed by significant decrease in ALT and AST serum levels. Celecoxib 30 and 60 mg/kg pretreatment enhanced oxidant/antioxidant hemostasis by significantreduction of MDA and NO content and increase hepatic GSH contents and SOD activity. In addition, celecoxib 30 and 60 mg/kg caused significant increase in hepatic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the stress protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels. Moreover, celecoxib 30 and 60 mg/kg inhibited the release of proinflammatory markers including IL-1β and TNF-α along with significant decrease in p-JNK, AKT phosphorylation ratio and caspase-3 expression. Besides, Con A was correlated to high expression of cyclooxygenase COX-2 and this increasing was improved by administration of celecoxib. These changes were in good agreement with improvement in histological deterioration. The protective effect of celecoxib was also associated with significant reduction of autophagy biomarkers (Beclin-1 and LC3II). In conclusion, celecoxib showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagy activity against Con A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis. These effects could be produced by modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, IL-1B /p-JNK/p-AKT, JNK/caspase-3, and Beclin-1/LC3II signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Khaleel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura National University, Gamasa, Egypt; Future Studies and Risks Management' National Committee of Drugs, Academy of Scientific Research, Ministry of Higher Education, Elsayeda Zeinab, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Jahan R, Yousaf M, Khan H, Shah SA, Khan AA, Bibi N, Javed F, Ijaz M, Ali A, Wei DQ. Zinc Ortho Methyl Carbonodithioate Improved Pre and Post-Synapse Memory Impairment via SIRT1/p-JNK Pathway against Scopolamine in Adult Mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:183-194. [PMID: 37261605 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is globally recognized as a prominent cause of dementia for which efficient treatment is still lacking. New candidate compounds that are biologically potent are regularly tested. We, therefore, hypothesized to study the neuroprotective potential of Zinc Ortho Methyl Carbonodithioate (thereafter called ZOMEC) against Scopolamine (SCOP) induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model using adult albino mice. We post-administered ZOMEC (30 mg/Kg) into two group of mice for three weeks on daily basis that received either 0.9% saline or SCOP (1 mg/Kg) for initial two weeks. The other two groups of mice received 0.9% saline and SCOP (1 mg/Kg) respectively. After memory related behavioral analysis the brain homogenates were evaluated for the antioxidant potential of ZOMEC and multiple protein markers were examined through western blotting. Our results provide enough evidences that ZOMEC decrease oxidative stress by increasing catalase (CAT) and glutathione S transferase (GST) and decreasing the lipid peroxidation (LPO). The SIRT1 and pre and post synaptic marker proteins, synaptophysin (SYP) as well as post synaptic density protein (PSD-95) expression were also enhanced upon ZOMEC treatment. Furthermore, memory impairment was rescued and ZOMEC appreciably abrogated the Aβ accumulation, BACE1 expression C and the p-JNK pathway. The inflammatory protein markers, NF-kβ and IL-1β in ZOMEC treated mice were also comparable with control group. The predicted interaction of ZOMEC with SIRT1 was further confirmed by molecular docking. These findings thus provide initial reports on efficacy of ZOMEC in SCOP induced AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry Shaheed Benazir, Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Yousaf
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Hamayun Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali Shah
- Department of Biology, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz Khan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nousheen Bibi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Musarrat Ijaz
- Department of Statistics Shaheed Benazir, Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Arif Ali
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Gohari Mahmoudabad A, Gheybi F, Mehrabi M, Masoudi A, Mobasher Z, Vahedi H, Gharravi AM, Bitaraf FS, Rezayat Sorkhabadi SM. Synthesis, characterization and hepatoprotective effect of silymarin phytosome nanoparticles on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 13:301-311. [PMID: 37645028 PMCID: PMC10460772 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.24128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Silymarin proved to be a beneficial herbal medicine against many hepatic disorders such as alcoholic liver disease (ALD). However, its application is restricted due to its low bioavailability and consequently decreased efficacy. We herein used a nano-based approach known as "phytosome", to improve silymarin bioavailability and increase its efficacy. Methods Phytosome nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using thin film hydration method. NPs size, electrical charge, morphology, stability, molecular interaction, entrapment efficiency (EE %) and loading capacity (LC %) were determined. Moreover, in vitro toxicity of NPs was investigated on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) viability using MTT assay. In vivo experiments were performed using 24 adult rats that were divided into four groups including control, ethanol (EtOH) treatment, silymarin/EtOH treatment and silymarin phytosome/EtOH, with 6 mice in each group. Experimental groups were given 40% EtOH, silymarin (50 mg/kg) and silymarin phytosome (200 mg/kg) through the gastric gavage once a day for 3 weeks. Biochemical parameters, containing ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, GPx and MDA were measured before and after experiment to investigate the protective effect of silymarin and its phytosomal form. And histopathological examination was done to evaluate pathological changes. Results Silymarin phytosome NPs with the mean size of 100 nm were produced and were well tolerated in cell culture. These NPs showed a considerable protective effect against ALD through inverting the biochemical parameters (ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, GPx) and histopathological alterations. Conclusion Silymarin phytosomal NPs can be used as an efficient treatment for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Gohari Mahmoudabad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gheybi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Alireza Masoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mobasher
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Vahedi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Anneh Mohammad Gharravi
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Bitaraf
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Zhao Y, Zhang R, Wang Z, Chen Z, Wang G, Guan S, Lu J. Melatonin Prevents against Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury by Mitigating Ferroptosis via Targeting Brain and Muscle ARNT-like 1 in Mice Liver and HepG2 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12953-12967. [PMID: 36166594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock acts a pivotal part in human daily physiology and metabolism. Excess alcohol consumption disturbs the circadian rhythm of several metabolism-related genes of the liver. Melatonin is a member of the foremost hormones secreted by the pineal gland with numerous pharmacological properties in quite a number of diseases. However, its potential roles and possible mechanisms in ethanol-induced ferroptosis are still not clear completely. Ethanol feeding studies were performed upon a chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding protocol in C57BL/6 mice with or without intraperitoneal injection administration of melatonin. HepG2 cells and mice primary hepatocytes were subjected to investigation for ethanol and melatonin. The results showed that melatonin dramatically ameliorated liver injury and decreased ferroptosis makers induced by ethanol. Meanwhile, melatonin effectively reversed the circadian misalignment caused by ethanol. Additionally, melatonin accelerated Nrf2 nuclear translocation and further activated its downstream anti-ferroptosis proteins including FTH, FPN, HO-1, and SLC7A11 in ethanol-changed mice liver tissues and HepG2 cells. However, the impact of melatonin on liver protection and anti-ferroptosis was offset upon brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) knockdown with the notably blocked Nrf2-ARE pathway. Altogether, this study revealed that melatonin could alleviate ethanol-induced liver injury by impeding ferroptosis via reprogramming the circadian protein BMAL1 and subsequently activating the Nrf2-ARE anti-ferroptosis pathway. The emergence of novel liver protective effects and mechanism of melatonin on ethanol-induced ferroptosis may provide a new dimension for prevention or intervention against liver injury associated with ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Wang
- Office of Laboratory and Equipment Management, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
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9
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Alattar A, Alvi AM, Rashid S, Hussain N, Gul M, Ikram M, Khalil AAK, Alshaman R, Shah FA, Li S, Li J. RETRACTED: Carveol ameliorates mercury-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in a mouse brain. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:212-226. [PMID: 35963490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors-in-Chief. Sections of panels from Figure 7B appear similar to each other. Also, inconsistencies have been noticed between the text of the subsection 2.5.4. ‘Morris Water Maze (MWM) test’ and Figure 6E. The journal records indicated that the names of the authors Sajid Rashid, Nadia Hussain, Mehreen Gul, Muhammad Ikram and Jingbo Li were added to the revised version of the article without exceptional approval by the handling Editor, which is contrary to the journal policy on changes to authorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arooj Mohsin Alvi
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, UAE; AAU Health and Biomedical Research center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mehreen Gul
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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10
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Ullah A, Al Kury LT, Althobaiti YS, Ali T, Shah FAL. Benzimidazole Derivatives as New Potential NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors That Provide Neuroprotection in a Rodent Model of Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3873-3890. [PMID: 35845091 PMCID: PMC9286489 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s351913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study investigated the effect of newly synthesized benzimidazole derivatives against ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. According to evidence, ethanol consumption may cause a severe insult to the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in mental retardation, neuronal degeneration, and oxidative stress. Targeting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress may be a useful strategy for preventing ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. Methodology Firstly, the newly synthesized compounds were subjected to molecular simulation and docking in order to predict ligand binding status. Later, for in vivo observations, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used for studying behavioral and oxidative stress markers. ELIZA kits were used to analyse tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), nuclear factor-B (NF-B), interleukin (IL-18), and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) expression, while Western blotting was used to measure IL-1 and Caspase-1 expression. Results Our findings suggested that altered levels of antioxidant enzymes were associated with elevated levels of TNF-α, NF-B, IL-1, IL-18, Caspase-1, and NLRP3 in the ethanol-treated group. Furthermore, ethanol also caused memory impairment in rats, as measured by behavioural tests. Pretreatment using selected benzimidazole significantly increased the combat of the brain against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. The neuroprotective effects of benzimidazole derivatives were promoted by their free radical scavenging activity, augmentation of endogenous antioxidant proteins (GST, GSH), and amelioration of lipid peroxide (LPO) and other pro-inflammatory mediators. Molecular docking and molecular simulation studies further supported our hypothesis that the synthetic compounds Ca and Cb had an excellent binding affinity with proper bond formation with their targets (TNF-α and NLRP3). Conclusion It is revealed that these benzimidazole derivatives can reduce ethanol-induced neuronal toxicity by regulating the expression of cytokines, antioxidant enzymes, and the inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lina Tariq Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.,Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Ali
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Fawad ALi Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Identification of novel and potential PPARγ stimulators as repurposed drugs for MCAO associated brain degeneration. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 446:116055. [PMID: 35550883 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) has been shown to have therapeutic promise in the treatment of ischemic stroke and is supported by several studies. To identify possible PPARγ activators, the current study used an in silico technique in conjunction with molecular simulations and in vivo validation. FDA-approved drugs were evaluated using molecular docking to determine their affinity for PPARγ. The findings of molecular simulations support the repurposing of rabeprazole and ethambutol for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO). Five groups were made as a sham-operated, t-MCAO group, rabeprazole +t-MCAO, ethambutol +t-MCAO, and pioglitazone +t-MCAO. The neuroprotective effects of these drugs were evaluated using the neurological deficit score and the infarct area. The inflammatory mediators and signaling transduction proteins were quantified using Western blotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. The repurposed drugs mitigated cerebral ischemic injury by PPARγ mediated downregulation of nods like receptor protein 3 inflammasomes (NLRP3), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (p-NF-kB), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK). Our data demonstrated that rabeprazole and ethambutol have neuroprotective potential via modulating the cytoprotective stress response, increasing cellular survival, and balancing homeostatic processes, and so may be suitable for future research in stroke therapy.
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12
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Riaz M, Al Kury LT, Atzaz N, Alattar A, Alshaman R, Shah FA, Li S. Carvacrol Alleviates Hyperuricemia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Modulating the NLRP3/NF-κB Pathwayt. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1159-1170. [PMID: 35496367 PMCID: PMC9041362 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s343978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gouty arthritis is generally induced by the accumulation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints due to elevated serum uric acid levels, potentially leading to serious pathological disorders such as nephrolithiasis, renal failure, and acute gouty arthritis. In this study, we aimed to validate the anti-gout effects of carvacrol, a phenolic monoterpene. Materials and Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into normal saline, disease group by injecting potassium mono-oxonate (PO) at a dose of 250 mg/kg, and three treatment groups, either with carvacrol 20 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg allopurinol. The blood and tissue samples were subsequently collected and analyzed using different biochemical and histopathological techniques. Results Our results revealed a significant increase in the serum levels of oxidative stress-related markers, namely, uric acid and C-reactive protein (CRP), and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent inflammatory mediators, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Carvacrol administration for seven consecutive days exhibited significant anti-hyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory effects in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the 50 mg/kg carvacrol treatment was observed to produce results similar to the allopurinol treatment. Furthermore, the renal safety of carvacrol was confirmed by the renal function test. Conclusion Carvacrol potentially alleviates hyperuricemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating the ROS/NRLP3/NF-κB pathway, thereby exerting protective effects against joint degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lina Tariq Al Kury
- Department of Natural and Health Sciences Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noreen Atzaz
- Department of Pathology, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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13
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Muhammad AJ, Hao L, Al Kury LT, Rehman NU, Alvi AM, Badshah H, Ullah I, Shah FA, Li S. Carveol Promotes Nrf2 Contribution in Depressive Disorders through an Anti-inflammatory Mechanism. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4509204. [PMID: 35295720 PMCID: PMC8920705 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4509204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a progressive deteriorating mental state with a feeling of worthlessness and frequent mood swings. Several studies reported the favorable effects of natural drug substances on MMD associated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The present study is attempted to examine whether carveol could affect lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced depression, and if so, how nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) contributed to the neuroprotective effects of carveol mechanistically. Two experimental cohorts were used using the SD rats: first to evaluate the promising dose of carveol (whether 20 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) and secondly to determine the effect of carveol on Nrf2-mediated antidepression. Significant neuronal alterations were noticed in the cortex and hippocampus regions in the LPS-treated group, accompanied by elevated inflammatory cytokine levels such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK). Moreover, amassing of free radicals exacerbated lipid peroxidase (LPO) and oxidative stress with a limited antioxidant capacity. Carveol (20 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated these detrimental effects by promoting the antioxidant Nrf2 gene and protein, which critically regulate the downstream antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathway. To further elaborate our hypothesis, we employed all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an Nrf2 inhibitor, and we found that ATRA exaggerated LPS-induced depressive-like effects associated with elevated neuroinflammatory markers. Our results demonstrated that carveol (20 mg/kg) could activate the endogenous antioxidant Nrf2, which regulates the downstream antioxidant signaling pathway, eventually leading to amelioration of LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Jan Muhammad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Liangliang Hao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Lina Tariq Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 49153, UAE
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arooj Mohsin Alvi
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Badshah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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14
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Alvi AM, Shah FA, Muhammad AJ, Feng J, Li S. 1,3,4, Oxadiazole Compound A3 Provides Robust Protection Against PTZ-Induced Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress by Regulating Nrf2-Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2022; 14:7393-7409. [PMID: 35002275 PMCID: PMC8721032 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s333451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures. Various studies have demonstrated a direct association between oxidative stress and inflammation in several neurological disorders including epilepsy. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of a synthetic 1,3,4, oxadiazole compound A3 against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling and seizure model. Methodology PTZ was administered in a sub-convulsive dose of 40 mg/kg for 15 days, at 48-hour intervals to male Swiss-Albino mice until animals were fully kindled. Two different doses of A3 (10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) were administered to find out the effective dose of A3 and to further demonstrate the relative role of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) in the PTZ-induced kindled model. Results Our results demonstrated a compromised antioxidant capacity associated with a low level of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GST), and glutathione S-transferase (GSH) in the kindled group. However, the PTZ-induced group demonstrated an elevated level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) level parallel to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), mediators as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). Furthermore, the A3 treatment reversed these changes and overexpressed the antioxidant Nrf2 gene and its downstream HO-1. To further investigate the involvement of Nrf2, we employed an Nrf2-inhibitor, ie, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), that further aggravated the PTZ toxicity. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was evaluated to assess the extent of BBB disruption. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that A3 could mediate neuroprotection possibly by activating Nrf2 dependent downregulation of inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooj Mohsin Alvi
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asmaa Jan Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jinxing Feng
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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15
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Protective effects of melatonin and L-carnitine against methotrexate-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 395:87-97. [PMID: 34821957 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effects of melatonin (MEL) and/or L-carnitine (L-CAR) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were prepared using collagenase techniques of perfusion and digestion of rat liver. Trypan blue uptake, as well as, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured. Caspase-3 activity was also assessed. Pre-incubation of hepatocytes with MEL (1 mM) and/or L-CAR (10 mM) 30 min prior to intoxication with MTX, significantly protected hepatocytes against toxicity. In addition, LPO, NO, TNF-α levels, and caspase-3 activity were decreased in comparison to the MTX-intoxicated group. Furthermore, the two drugs increased the MTX-depleted GSH level. MEL and L-CAR prevented MTX-induced hepatocytotoxicity, at least partly, by their antioxidative, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Further studies are recommended on the clinical pharmacologic and toxicologic effects of MEL and L-CAR in patients receiving MTX.
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16
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Carveol Attenuates Seizure Severity and Neuroinflammation in Pentylenetetrazole-Kindled Epileptic Rats by Regulating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9966663. [PMID: 34422216 PMCID: PMC8376446 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9966663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure attacks. Numerous studies have suggested a strong correlation between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in several neurodegenerative disorders including epilepsy. This study is aimed at investigating the neuroprotective effects of the natural compound carveol against pentylenetetrazole- (PTZ-) induced kindling and seizure model. Two different doses of carveol (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) were administered to male rats to determine the effects and the effective dose of carveol and to further demonstrate the mechanism of action of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) in PTZ-induced kindling model. Our results demonstrated reduced levels of innate antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione (GSH), associated with elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) and inflammatory cytokines level such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and mediators like cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). These detrimental effects exacerbated oxidative stress and provoked a marked neuronal alteration in the cortex and hippocampus of PTZ-intoxicated animals that were associated with upregulated Nrf2 gene expression. Furthermore, carveol treatment positively modulated the antioxidant gene Nrf2 and its downstream target HO-1. To further investigate the role of Nrf2, an inhibitor of Nrf2 called all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was used, which further exacerbated PTZ toxicity. Moreover, carveol treatment induced cholinergic system activation by mitigating acetylcholinesterase level which is further linked to attenuated neuroinflammatory cascade. The extent of blood-brain barrier disruption was evaluated based on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that carveol acts as an Nrf2 activator and therefore induces downstream antioxidants and mitigates inflammatory insults through multiple pathways. This eventually alleviates PTZ-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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17
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Toxicology of Blister Agents: Is Melatonin a Potential Therapeutic Option? Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020027. [PMID: 33920224 PMCID: PMC8167553 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blister or vesicant chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have been widely used in different military conflicts, including World War I and the Iran-Iraq War. However, their mechanism of action is not fully understood. Sulfur and nitrogen mustard exert toxic effects not only through the alkylation of thiol-bearing macromolecules, such as DNA and proteins, but also produce free radicals that can develop direct toxic effects in target organs such as the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. The lack of effective treatments against vesicant CWAs-induced injury makes us consider, in this complex scenario, the use and development of melatonin-based therapeutic strategies. This multifunctional indoleamine could facilitate neutralization of the oxidative stress, modulate the inflammatory response, and prevent the DNA damage, as well as the long-term health consequences mediated by vesicant CWAs-induced epigenetic mechanisms. In this context, it would be essential to develop new galenic formulations for the use of orally and/or topically applied melatonin for the prophylaxis against vesicant CWAs, as well as the development of post-exposure treatments in the near future.
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18
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Naeem K, Tariq Al Kury L, Nasar F, Alattar A, Alshaman R, Shah FA, Khan AU, Li S. Natural Dietary Supplement, Carvacrol, Alleviates LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress, Neurodegeneration, and Depressive-Like Behaviors via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1313-1329. [PMID: 33854358 PMCID: PMC8041651 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s294413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating human health condition characterized by mood swings and is associated with a high probability of suicide attempts. Several studies have reported a role of neuroinflammation in MMD, yet the efficacy of natural drug substances on neuroinflammation-associated depression has not been well-investigated. The present study examined the neuroprotective effects of carvacrol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, depression, and anxiety-like behavior. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two experimental cohorts to determine the effects and the effective dose of carvacrol (whether 20 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg), and further demonstrate the mechanism of action of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) in depression. RESULTS We found marked neuronal alterations in the cortex and hippocampus of LPS-intoxicated animals that were associated with higher inflammatory cytokine expression such as cyclooxygenase (COX2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK). These detrimental effects exacerbated oxidative stress, as documented by a compromised antioxidant system due to high lipid peroxidase (LPO). Carvacrol (20 mg/kg) significantly reverted these changes by positively modulating the antioxidant gene Nrf2, a master regulator of the downstream antioxidant pathway. To further investigate the role of Nrf2, an inhibitor of Nrf2 called all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was used, which further exacerbated LPS toxicity with a higher oxidative and inflammatory cytokine level. To further support our notion, we performed virtual docking of carvacrol with the Nrf2-Keap1 target and the resultant drug-protein interactions validated the in vivo findings. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest that carvacrol (20 mg/kg) could activate the endogenous master antioxidant Nrf2, which further regulates the expression of downstream antioxidants, eventually ameliorating LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Naeem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 747424, Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Tariq Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, 49153, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faiza Nasar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 747424, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 747424, Pakistan
| | - Arif-ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 747424, Pakistan
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Li HW, Ying P, Cai QQ, Yang ZH, Wu XL. Exogenous melatonin alleviates hemorrhagic shock‑induced hepatic ischemic injury in rats by inhibiting the NF‑κB/IκBα signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:341. [PMID: 33760198 PMCID: PMC7974417 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is an indoleamine hormone that can counteract ischemia-induced organ injury through its antioxidant effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of exogenous MT against hemorrhagic shock (HS)-induced hepatic ischemic injury in rats, and the role of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in this process. A rat model of HS-induced hepatic ischemic injury was established. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were measured every 6 h, and the 24-h survival rate of the rats was analyzed. All surviving rats were sacrificed after 24 h. Pathological changes in the liver and the hepatocyte apoptosis rate were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and TUNEL assay, respectively, and the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα) were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the serum levels of ALT, AST, LDH, GDH, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-1β gradually increased after HS compared with those in rats subjected to a sham procedure, but this increase was attenuated by MT. Furthermore, the survival rate of the MT group was significantly higher compared with that of the HS group. The degree of pathological hepatic injury, the hepatocyte apoptosis rate, and the hepatic levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly decreased in the MT group compared with the HS group. In addition, the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 was significantly decreased and the mRNA expression of IκBα was significantly increased in the MT group compared with the sham group. Furthermore, the NF-κB p65 protein levels in the MT group were significantly increased in the cytosol but decreased in the nucleus, and the IκBα protein levels were increased while those of phosphorylated IκBα were decreased compared with those in the HS group. Therefore, it may be inferred that exogenous MT alleviates HS-induced hepatic ischemic injury in rats via the inhibition of NF-κB activation and IκBα phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wei Li
- Department of Emergency, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Pan Ying
- Department of Emergency, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Qi Cai
- Department of Emergency, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yang
- Department of Emergency, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Long Wu
- Department of Emergency, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
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20
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Rahman ZU, Al Kury LT, Alattar A, Tan Z, Alshaman R, Malik I, Badshah H, Uddin Z, Khan Khalil AA, Muhammad N, Khan S, Ali A, Shah FA, Li JB, Li S. Carveol a Naturally-Derived Potent and Emerging Nrf2 Activator Protects Against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:621538. [PMID: 33597885 PMCID: PMC7883019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.621538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl p-aminophenol or APAP) is used worldwide for its antipyretic and anti-inflammatory potential. However, APAP overdose sometimes causes severe liver damage. In this study, we elucidated the protective effects of carveol in liver injury, using molecular and in silico approaches. Male BALB/c mice were divided into two experimental cohorts, to identify the best dose and to further assess the role of carveol in the nuclear factor E2-related factor; nuclear factor erythroid 2; p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. The results demonstrated that carveol significantly modulated the detrimental effects of APAP by boosting endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, such as nuclear translocation of Nrf2 gene, a master regulator of the downstream antioxidant machinery. Furthermore, an inhibitor of Nrf2, called all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), was used, which exaggerated APAP toxicity, in addition to abrogating the protective effects of carveol; this effect was accompanied by overexpression of inflammatory mediators and liver = 2ltoxicity biomarkers. To further support our notion, we performed virtual docking of carveol with Nrf2-keap1 target, and the resultant drug-protein interactions validated the in vivo findings. Together, our findings suggest that carveol could activate the endogenous master antioxidant Nrf2, which further regulates the expression of downstream antioxidants, eventually ameliorating the APAP-induced inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaif Ur Rahman
- Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Lina Tariq Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhen Tan
- Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Malik
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Badshah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zia Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saifullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jing Bo Li
- Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
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Zulfiqar Z, Shah FA, Shafique S, Alattar A, Ali T, Alvi AM, Rashid S, Li S. Repurposing FDA Approved Drugs as JNK3 Inhibitor for Prevention of Neuroinflammation Induced by MCAO in Rats. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1185-1205. [PMID: 33384558 PMCID: PMC7770337 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s284471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress-associated kinases are considered major pathological mediators in several incurable neurological disorders. Importantly, among these stress kinases, the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) has been linked to numerous neuropathological conditions, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and brain degeneration associated with brain injuries such as ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, we adopted a drug repurposing/reprofiling approach to explore novel JNK3 inhibitors from FDA-approved medications to supplement existing therapeutic strategies. Materials and Methods We performed in silico docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulation to screen potential candidates from the FDA approved drug library using the standard JNK inhibitor SP600125 as a reference. After the virtual screening, dabigatran, estazolam, leucovorin, and pitavastatin were further examined in ischemic stroke using an animal rodent model of focal cerebral ischemia using transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO). The selected drugs were probed for neuroprotective effectiveness by measuring the infarct area (%) and neurological deficits using a 28-point composite score. Biochemical assays including ELISA and immunohistochemical experiments were performed. Results We obtained structural insights for dabigatran, estazolam, and pitavastatin binding to JNK3, revealing a significant contribution of the hydrophobic regions and significant residues of active site regions. To validate the docking results, the pharmacological effects of dabigatran, estazolam, leucovorin, and pitavastatin on MCAO were tested in parallel with the JNK inhibitor SP600125. After MCAO surgery, severe neurological deficits were detected in the MCAO group compared with the sham controls, which were significantly reversed by dabigatran, estazolam, and pitavastatin treatment. Aberrant morphological features and brain damage were observed in the ipsilateral cortex and striatum of the MCAO groups. The drugs restored the anti-oxidant enzyme activity and reduced the levels of oxidative stress-induced p-JNK and neuroinflammatory mediators such as NF-kB and TNF-ɑ in rats subjected to MCAO. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that the novel FDA-approved medications attenuate ischemic stroke-induced neuronal degeneration, possibly by inhibiting JNK3. Being FDA-approved safe medications, the use of these drugs can be clinically translated for ischemic stroke-associated brain degeneration and other neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikra Zulfiqar
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Shafique
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Ali
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Arooj Mohsin Alvi
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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22
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Malik I, Shah FA, Ali T, Tan Z, Alattar A, Ullah N, Khan AU, Alshaman R, Li S. Potent Natural Antioxidant Carveol Attenuates MCAO-Stress Induced Oxidative, Neurodegeneration by Regulating the Nrf-2 Pathway. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:659. [PMID: 32714135 PMCID: PMC7344277 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a severe neurological disorder with a high prevalence rate in developed countries. It is characterized by permanent or transient cerebral ischemia and it activates syndrome of pathological events such as membrane depolarization, glutamate excitotoxicity, and intracellular calcium buildup. Carveol is widely employed as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of post-treated carveol were demonstrated against transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced focal ischemic cerebral injury. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to two different experimental protocols to determine the dose and effects of carveol, and to demonstrate the underlying role of the nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway. Our results showed that MCAO induced marked neuronal injury in the ipsilateral cortex and striatum associated with higher inflammatory cytokines expression, along with apoptotic markers such as caspase-3 and the phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Furthermore, MCAO induced a marked increase in oxidative stress as evidenced by high lipid peroxidase (LPO) content accompanied by the depressed antioxidant system. Carveol significantly reversed the oxidative stress and downregulated inflammatory cascades by enhancing endogenous antioxidant mechanisms including the Nrf2 gene, which critically regulates the expression of several downstream antioxidants. Further, to determine the possible involvement of Nrf2 in carveol mediated neuroprotection, we antagonized Nrf2 by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and such treatment abrogated the protective effects of carveol accompanied with exaggerated neuronal toxicity as demonstrated by higher infarction area. The target effects of carveol were further supported by molecular docking analysis of drug-protein interactions. Together, our findings suggest that carveol could activate endogenous master anti-oxidant Nrf2, which further regulates the expression of downstream antioxidants, eventually ameliorating MCAO-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Malik
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Zhen Tan
- Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
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