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Wang K, Huang H, Zhan Q, Ding H, Li Y. Toll-like receptors in health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e549. [PMID: 38685971 PMCID: PMC11057423 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are inflammatory triggers and belong to a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are central to the regulation of host protective adaptive immune responses. Activation of TLRs in innate immune myeloid cells directs lymphocytes to produce the most appropriate effector responses to eliminate infection and maintain homeostasis of the body's internal environment. Inappropriate TLR stimulation can lead to the development of general autoimmune diseases as well as chronic and acute inflammation, and even cancer. Therefore, TLRs are expected to be targets for therapeutic treatment of inflammation-related diseases, autoimmune diseases, microbial infections, and human cancers. This review summarizes the recent discoveries in the molecular and structural biology of TLRs. The role of different TLR signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, and even cancers (oral, gastric, breast, colorectal) is highlighted and summarizes new drugs and related clinical treatments in clinical trials, providing an overview of the potential and prospects of TLRs for the treatment of TLR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hanyao Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qi Zhan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haoran Ding
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Chandrasekar SA, Palaniyandi T, Parthasarathy U, Surendran H, Viswanathan S, Wahab MRA, Baskar G, Natarajan S, Ranjan K. Implications of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their signaling mechanisms in human cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154673. [PMID: 37453359 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Most essential pattern-recognition receptors regulating innate immune functions are toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are characterized by lack of concurrent epithelial markers and are typically identified by their gene expressions. One major mechanism by which TLRs generate their effector functions is by triggering inflammatory responses. Activation of TLRs can impact initiation, advancement, and control of cancers by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Several TLRs have been implicated in human cancers and some of them are identified as cancer biomarkers as well; for example, TLRs 2, 3, 5 are expressed more frequently in most cancers. Knowing the upregulation and downregulation of the TLR genes in human cancers will be useful for the development of newer therapeutic targets which can disrupt the pathways associated with such deregulation. We present here the various TLRs and their functions in human lung, gastric, breast, prostate, oral, ovarian, colorectal, cervical, esophageal, bladder and hepatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saran Aravinda Chandrasekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biomedical, School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), VIT(Vellore Institute of Technology), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Udhayakumar Parthasarathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hemapreethi Surendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhiya Viswanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mugip Rahaman Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gomathy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhakar Natarajan
- Department of virology and Biotechnology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chetpet, Chennai 600031, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kishu Ranjan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven 06520, USA
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Chen X, Zhang P, Li P, Wang G, Li J, Wu Y, Cao Z, Zhou Y, Sun Y. CpG ODN 1668 as TLR9 agonist mediates humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) antibacterial immune responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108839. [PMID: 37207883 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cromileptes altivelis (humpback grouper) is the main farmed species in the southern coastal area of China owing to its important economic value. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) belongs to the toll-like receptor (TLR) family and functions as a pattern recognition receptor, recognising unmethylated oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif (CpG ODNs) in bacterial and viral genomes, thereby activating host immune response. In this study, the C. altivelis TLR9 (CaTLR9) ligand CpG ODN 1668 was screened and found to significantly enhance the antibacterial immunity of humpback grouper in vivo and head kidney lymphocytes (HKLs) in vitro. In addition, CpG ODN 1668 also promoted the cell proliferation and immune gene expression of HKLs and strengthened the phagocytosis activity of head kidney macrophages. However, when the CaTLR9 expression was knocked down in the humpback group, the expression levels of TLR9, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly reduced, and the antibacterial immune effects induced by CpG ODN 1668 were mostly abolished. Therefore, CpG ODN 1668 induced antibacterial immune responses in a CaTLR9-dependent pathway. These results enhance the knowledge of the antibacterial immunity of fish TLR signalling pathways and have important implications for exploring natural antibacterial molecules in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, 572022, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Pengshuo Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, 572022, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Guotao Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, 572022, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, 572022, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Wang H, Su Y, Chen D, Li Q, Shi S, Huang X, Fang M, Yang M. Advances in the mechanisms and applications of inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotides against immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1119431. [PMID: 36825156 PMCID: PMC9941346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1119431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are short single-stranded DNA, which capable of folding into complex structures, enabling them to bind to a large variety of targets. With appropriate modifications, the inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotides exhibited many features of long half-life time, simple production, low toxicity and immunogenicity. In recent years, inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotides have received considerable attention for their potential therapeutic applications in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). Inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotides could be divided into three categories according to its mechanisms and targets, including antisense ODNs (AS-ODNs), DNA aptamers and immunosuppressive ODNs (iSup ODNs). As a synthetic tool with immunomodulatory activity, it can target RNAs or proteins in a specific way, resulting in the reduction, increase or recovery of protein expression, and then regulate the state of immune activation. More importantly, inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotides have been used to treat immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. Several inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotide drugs have been developed and approved on the market already. These drugs vary in their chemical structures, action mechanisms and cellular targets, but all of them could be capable of inhibiting excessive inflammatory responses. This review summarized their chemical modifications, action mechanisms and applications of the three kinds of inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotidesin the precise treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Duoduo Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuyou Shi
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mingli Fang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Mingli Fang, ; Ming Yang,
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Mingli Fang, ; Ming Yang,
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Rainard P, Gilbert FB, Germon P. Immune defenses of the mammary gland epithelium of dairy ruminants. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031785. [PMID: 36341445 PMCID: PMC9634088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium of the mammary gland (MG) fulfills three major functions: nutrition of progeny, transfer of immunity from mother to newborn, and its own defense against infection. The defense function of the epithelium requires the cooperation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) with intraepithelial leucocytes, macrophages, DCs, and resident lymphocytes. The MG is characterized by the secretion of a large amount of a nutrient liquid in which certain bacteria can proliferate and reach a considerable bacterial load, which has conditioned how the udder reacts against bacterial invasions. This review presents how the mammary epithelium perceives bacteria, and how it responds to the main bacterial genera associated with mastitis. MECs are able to detect the presence of actively multiplying bacteria in the lumen of the gland: they express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) released by the growing bacteria. Interactions with intraepithelial leucocytes fine-tune MECs responses. Following the onset of inflammation, new interactions are established with lymphocytes and neutrophils recruited from the blood. The mammary epithelium also identifies and responds to antigens, which supposes an antigen-presenting capacity. Its responses can be manipulated with drugs, plant extracts, probiotics, and immune modifiers, in order to increase its defense capacities or reduce the damage related to inflammation. Numerous studies have established that the mammary epithelium is a genuine effector of both innate and adaptive immunity. However, knowledge gaps remain and newly available tools offer the prospect of exciting research to unravel and exploit the multiple capacities of this particular epithelium.
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Lee WS, Kim DS, Kim JH, Heo Y, Yang H, Go EJ, Kim JH, Lee SJ, Ahn BC, Yum JS, Chon HJ, Kim C. Intratumoral immunotherapy using a TLR2/3 agonist, L-pampo, induces robust antitumor immune responses and enhances immune checkpoint blockade. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004799. [PMID: 35764365 PMCID: PMC9240943 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical innate immune sensors that elicit antitumor immune responses in cancer immunotherapy. Although a few TLR agonists have been approved for the treatment of patients with early-stage superficial cancers, their therapeutic efficacy is limited in patient with advanced invasive cancers. Here, we identified the therapeutic role of a TLR2/3 agonist, L-pampo (LP), which promotes antitumor immunity and enhances the immune checkpoint blockade. METHODS We generated LP by combining a TLR2 agonist, Pam3CSK4, with a TLR3 agonist, Poly (I:C). Immune responses to stimulation with various TLR agonists were compared. Tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally treated with LP, and their tumor sizes were measured. The antitumor effects of LP treatment were determined using flow cytometry, multiplexed imaging, and NanoString nCounter immune profiling. The immunotherapeutic potential of LP in combination with α-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or α-cytotoxic T-lymphocytes-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) was evaluated in syngeneic MC38 colon cancer and B16F10 melanoma. RESULTS The LP treatment induced a potent activation of T helper 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2)-mediated immunity, tumor cell apoptosis, and immunogenic tumor cell death. Intratumoral LP treatment effectively inhibited tumor progression by activating tumor-specific T cell immunity. LP-induced immune responses were mediated by CD8+ T cells and interferon-γ, but not by CD4+ T cells and CD25+ T cells. LP simultaneously activated TLR2 and TLR3 signaling, thereby extensively changing the immune-related gene signatures within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, intratumoral LP treatment led to systemic abscopal antitumor effects in non-injected distant tumors. Notably, LP treatment combined with ɑPD-1 and ɑCTLA-4 further enhanced the efficacy of monotherapy, resulting in complete tumor regression and prolonged overall survival. Furthermore, LP-based combination immunotherapy elicited durable antitumor immunity with tumor-specific immune memory in colon cancer and melanoma. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that intratumoral LP treatment improves the innate and adaptive antitumor immunity within the TME and enhances the efficacy of αPD-1 and αCTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Suk Lee
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of).,Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Dong Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of).,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yoonki Heo
- CHA Vaccine Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hannah Yang
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of).,Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Eun-Jin Go
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of).,Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of).,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Byung Cheol Ahn
- CHA Vaccine Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jung Sun Yum
- CHA Vaccine Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of) .,Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of).,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chan Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of) .,Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of).,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
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Zou X, Liu Y, Di J, Wei W, Watanabe N, Li J, Li X. ZMIZ2 promotes the development of triple-receptor negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:52. [PMID: 35101047 PMCID: PMC8802436 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-receptor negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast tumor subtype that generally has a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the role and regulatory mechanisms of Zinc finger MIZ-type containing 2 (ZMIZ2) in relation to TNBC. Methods Based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the expression of ZMIZ2 in different subtypes and its correlation with androgen receptor (AR) were analyzed, and a regulatory mechanism network was constructed. The expression and prognostic value of ZMIZ2 in clinical TNBC tissue samples were also investigated. Furthermore, in vitro studies were conducted to investigate the effects of ZMIZ2 knockdown on the malignant behaviors of TNBC cells and target gene expression. Results Based on TCGA data, ZMIZ2 was found to be significantly upregulated in TNBC tissues and its expression was negatively correlated with AR expression. Key relationships, such as the ZMIZ2-CCL5, ZMIZ2/AR-MCM3, ZMIZ2/AR-E2F4, and the ZMIZ2/AR-DHX38 were identified, which were enriched in NOD-like receptor signaling pathway/toll-like receptor signaling pathway, DNA replication, cell cycle, and spliceosome, respectively. Moreover, ZMIZ2 was upregulated in clinical breast cancer tissues and its high expression was correlated with the poor prognosis of TNBC patients. Furthermore, ZMIZ2 expression was increased in breast cancer cells, and a knockdown of ZMIZ2 inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, and promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, ZMIZ2 knockdown inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of CCL5, MCM3, E2F4, and DHX38. Conclusion Our findings reveal that ZMIZ2 is upregulated in TNBC tissues and is associated with its poor prognosis. ZMIZ2 may promote TNBC progression by promoting the expression of its target genes and affecting the corresponding pathways. Consequently, ZMIZ2 may serve as a promising target for future TNBC treatments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02393-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetic, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, No.5268 Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.,Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetic, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, No.5268 Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Di
- Pathological Diagnostic Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetic, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, No.5268 Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jiang Li
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetic, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, No.5268 Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
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Guney Eskiler G, Deveci Özkan A. The relationship between the efficacy of talazoparib and the functional toll-like receptors 3 and 9 in triple negative breast cancer. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:280-286. [PMID: 34906906 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) induce cell death by inhibiting the repair of DNA strand breaks binding to PARP and regulate immune cells functions. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate the tumor microenvironment through the modulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In this context, this study addressed the relationship between the efficacy of talazoparib (TAL) as a PARPi and the activation of TLR3 or TLR9 by Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) stimulation, respectively in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). TAL alone and the combination of TAL with Poly I:C or CpG-ODN induced cell death were analyzed by water-soluble tetrazolium salt 1 (WST-1), Annexin V analysis, acridine orange staining and mRNA levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in HCC1937 and HCC1937-R (TAL resistant) TNBC cells. Additionally, the expression of TLR3, TLR9 and interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) was observed with immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. Our findings showed that TAL induced TLR3 and TLR9 activation and acted in synergy with TLR3 and TLR9 agonists in TNBC cells. The stimulation of TLR3 or TLR9 and TAL treatment caused significantly more apoptosis in TNBC cells through the over-expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8. Additionally, TAL combined with Poly I:C or CpG-ODN more increased TLR3, TLR9 and IRF7 protein levels in HCC1937 cells and treatment with TAL and Poly I:C had greater potential for overcoming TAL resistance. In conclusion, the combination of PARPi with TLR agonists may be a new therapeutic combined strategy for the effective immunotherapy of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Guney Eskiler
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Asuman Deveci Özkan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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