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Aghayan AH, Mirazimi Y, Fateh K, Keshtkar A, Rafiee M, Atashi A. Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in sepsis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1480-1500. [PMID: 38814410 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening disorder with no definitive cure. Preclinical studies suggest that extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (EV-MSCs) can mitigate inflammatory conditions, potentially leading to increased survival and reduced organ dysfunction during sepsis. Our aim to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis is assessing the EV-MSCs therapeutic efficacy in sepsis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Scopus, WOS and ProQuest databases and also Google Scholar search engine were searched for published articles. We used hazard ratio (HR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) as effect sizes to evaluate the therapeutic effect of EV-MSCs on survival rate and determine their effect on reducing organ dysfunction, respectively. Finally, we employed GRADE tool for preclinical animal studies to evaluate certainty of the evidence. RESULTS 30 studies met the inclusion criteria for our article. Our meta-analysis results demonstrate that animals treated with MSC-EVs have better survival rate than untreated animals (HR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.27-0.41). Our meta-analysis suggests that EV-MSCs can reduce organ dysfunctions in sepsis, such as the lung, kidney, and liver. Additionally, EV-MSCs decrease pro-inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that EV-MSCs can be as promising therapy for sepsis management in animal models and leading to increased survival rate and reduced organ dysfunction. Furthermore, our study introduces a novel tool for risk of bias assessment and provides recommendations based on various analysis. Future studies with aiming to guide clinical translation can utilize the results of this article to establish stronger evidence for EV-MSC effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Aghayan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Yasin Mirazimi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Kosar Fateh
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafiee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Xiao Y, Yuan Y, Hu D, Wang H. Exosome-Derived microRNA: Potential Target for Diagnosis and Treatment of Sepsis. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:4481452. [PMID: 39104595 PMCID: PMC11300089 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4481452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as pivotal players in the pathophysiology of sepsis, representing a new frontier in both the diagnosis and treatment of this complex condition. Sepsis, a severe systemic response to infection, involves intricate immune and nonimmune mechanisms, where exosome-mediated communication can significantly influence disease progression and outcomes. During the progress of sepsis, the miRNA profile of exosomes undergoes notable alterations, is reflecting, and may affect the progression of the disease. This review comprehensively explores the biology of exosome-derived miRNAs, which originate from both immune cells (such as macrophages and dendritic cells) and nonimmune cells (such as endothelial and epithelial cells) and play a dynamic role in modulating pathways that affect the course of sepsis, including those related to inflammation, immune response, cell survival, and apoptosis. Taking into account these dynamic changes, we further discuss the potential of exosome-derived miRNAs as biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of sepsis and advantages over traditional biomarkers due to their stability and specificity. Furthermore, this review evaluates exosome-based therapeutic miRNA delivery systems in sepsis, which may pave the way for targeted modulation of the septic response and personalized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xiao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous SurgeryXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yixuan Yuan
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous SurgeryXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous SurgeryXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous SurgeryXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Mao L, Liu S, Chen Y, Huang H, Ding F, Deng L. Engineered exosomes: a potential therapeutic strategy for septic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1399738. [PMID: 39006168 PMCID: PMC11239395 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1399738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Septic cardiomyopathy, a life-threatening complication of sepsis, can cause acute heart failure and carry a high mortality risk. Current treatments have limitations. Fortunately, engineered exosomes, created through bioengineering technology, may represent a potential new treatment method. These exosomes can both diagnose and treat septic cardiomyopathy, playing a crucial role in its development and progression. This article examines the strategies for using engineered exosomes to protect cardiac function and treat septic cardiomyopathy. It covers three innovative aspects: exosome surface modification technology, the use of exosomes as a multifunctional drug delivery platform, and plant exosome-like nanoparticle carriers. The article highlights the ability of exosomes to deliver small molecules, proteins, and drugs, summarizing several RNA molecules, proteins, and drugs beneficial for treating septic cardiomyopathy. Although engineered exosomes are a promising biotherapeutic carrier, they face challenges in clinical application, such as understanding the interaction mechanism with host cells, distribution within the body, metabolism, and long-term safety. Further research is essential, but engineered exosomes hold promise as an effective treatment for septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Songtao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huiyi Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fenghua Ding
- Outpatient Appointment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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4
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Jalilivand S, Izadirad M, Vazifeh Shiran N, Gharehbaghian A, Naserian S. The effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell exosomes on acute myeloid leukemia's biological functions: a focus on the potential role of LncRNAs. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:108. [PMID: 38777995 PMCID: PMC11111499 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia represents a group of malignant blood disorders that originate from clonal over-proliferation and the differentiation failure of hematopoietic precursors, resulting in the accumulation of blasts in the bone marrow. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to exert diverse effects on tumor cells through direct and indirect interaction. Exosomes, as one of the means of indirect intercellular communication, are released from different types of cells, including MSCs, and their various contents, such as lncRNAs, enable them to exert significant impacts on target cells. Our study aims to investigate the effects of BM-MSC exosomes on the cellular and molecular characterization of HL-60 AML cells, particularly detecting the alterations in the expression of lncRNAs involved in AML leukemogenesis, cell growth, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. BM-MSCs were cultured with serum-free culture media to isolate exosomes from their supernatants. The validation of exosomes was performed in three stages: morphological analysis using TEM, size evaluation using DLS, and CD marker identification using flow cytometry. Subsequently, the HL-60 AML cells were treated with isolated BM-MSC exosomes to determine the impact of their contents on leukemic cells. Cell metabolic activity was evaluated by the MTT assay, while cell cycle progression, apoptosis, ROS levels, and proliferation were assessed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, RT-qPCR was conducted to determine the expression levels of lncRNAs and apoptosis-, ROS-, and cell cycle-related genes. MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis revealed that BM-MSC exosomes considerably suppressed cell metabolic activity, proliferation, and cell cycle progression. Also, these exosomes could effectively increase apoptosis and ROS levels in HL-60 cells. The expression levels of p53, p21, BAX, and FOXO4 were increased, while the BCL2 and c-Myc levels decreased. MALAT1, HOTAIR, and H19 expression levels were also significantly decreased in treated HL-60 cells compared to their untreated counterparts. BM-MSC exosomes suppress cell cycle progression, proliferation, and metabolic activity while simultaneously elevating the ROS index and apoptosis ratio in HL-60 cells, likely by reducing the expression levels of MALAT1, HOTAIR, and H19. These findings suggest that BM-MSC exosomes might serve as potential supportive therapies for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Jalilivand
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Izadirad
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Vazifeh Shiran
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Zhan F, Zhang J, He P, Chen W, Ouyang Y. Macrophage-derived exosomal miRNA-141 triggers endothelial cell pyroptosis by targeting NLRP3 to accelerate sepsis progression. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2024; 38:3946320241234736. [PMID: 38652556 PMCID: PMC11041538 DOI: 10.1177/03946320241234736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, critical condition marked by severe organ dysfunction from uncontrolled infection, involves the endothelium significantly. Macrophages, through paracrine actions, play a vital role in sepsis, but their mechanisms in sepsis pathogenesis remain elusive. Objective: We aimed to explore how macrophage-derived exosomes with low miR-141 expression promote pyroptosis in endothelial cells (ECs). Exosomes from THP-1 cell supernatant were isolated and characterized. The effects of miR-141 mimic/inhibitor on apoptosis, proliferation, and invasion of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were assessed using flow cytometry, CCK-8, and transwell assays. Key pyroptosis-related proteins, including caspase-1, IL-18, IL-1β, NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, and cleaved-GSDMD, were analyzed via Western blot. The interaction between miR-141 and NLRP3 was studied using RNAhybrid v2.2 and dual-Luciferase reporter assays. The mRNA and protein level of NLRP3 after exosomal miR-141 inhibitor treatment was detected by qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Exosomes were successfully isolated. miR-141 mimic reduced cell death and pyroptosis-related protein expression in HUVECs, while the inhibitor had opposite effects, increasing cell death, and enhancing pyroptosis protein expression. Additionally, macrophage-derived exosomal miR-141 inhibitor increased cell death and pyroptosis-related proteins in HUVECs. miR-141 inhibits NLRP3 transcription. Macrophages facilitate sepsis progression by secreting miR-141 decreased exosomes to activate NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in ECs, which could be a potentially valuable target of sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenteng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanhong Ouyang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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6
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Jin X, Sun H, Yang L. How Extracellular Nano-Vesicles Can Play a Role in Sepsis? An Evidence-Based Review of the Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5797-5814. [PMID: 37869065 PMCID: PMC10588718 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s427116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction caused by infection. Severe sepsis can lead to multiple organ dysfunction, with a high incidence rate and mortality. The molecular pathogenesis of sepsis is complex and diverse. In recent years, with further study of the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in inflammatory diseases, it has been found that EVs play a dual role in the imbalance of inflammatory response in sepsis. Due to the great advantages such as lower toxicity, lower immunogenicity compared with stem cells and better circulation stability, EVs are increasingly used for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. The roles of EVs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of sepsis were summarized to guide further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Jin
- Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Yuan H, Yu J, Liu C, Zhao H, Xue J, Liu J, Yang Y. LncRNA KCNQ10T1 shuttled by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome inhibits sepsis via regulation of miR-154-3p/RNF19A axis. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 393:507-521. [PMID: 37326687 PMCID: PMC10485167 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to discuss the role of exosomes KCNQ10T1 derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in sepsis and to further investigate its potential molecular mechanisms. Exosomes extracted from BMMSCs are identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blot. Fluorescence labeling is applied to detect the internalization of exosomes in receptors. The proliferation ability, migration ability, and invasion ability of HUVECs are determined by CCK-8, EdU, wound healing, and Transwell. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in sepsis cells are quantitatively detected by ELISA. Kaplan-Meier survival curve is used to describe the overall survival. RT-qPCR is used to detect mRNA expression of related genes. Bioinformatics analysis is performed to search the downstream target of KCNQ1OT1 and miR-154-3p and the interaction is verified by luciferase reporter assay. Exosomes derived from BMMSCs alleviated the toxicity in sepsis cell models and animal models. In mice with septic cell models, exosomal KCNQ10T1 was down-regulated and associated with lower survival. Overexpression of KCNQ10T1 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of LPS-induced HUVECs. Further research illustrated that miR-154-3p was the downstream target gene of KCNQ1OT1 and RNF19A was the downstream target gene of miR-154-3p. Importantly, functional research findings indicated that KCNQ1OT1 regulated sepsis progression by targeting miR-154-3p/RNF19A axis. Our study demonstrates that the exosomal KCNQ1OT1 suppresses sepsis via mediating miR-154-3p/RNF19A, which provides a latent target for sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Yuan
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Chongchuan District, Jiangsu Province, No. 20 Xisi Road, 226001, Nantong, China
| | - Junbo Yu
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Chongchuan District, Jiangsu Province, No. 20 Xisi Road, 226001, Nantong, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Heyan Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Building of Qixiu Campus, Medical School of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, No.19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, No.3 , China
| | - Jianhua Xue
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Chongchuan District, Jiangsu Province, No. 20 Xisi Road, 226001, Nantong, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Chongchuan District, Jiangsu Province, No. 20 Xisi Road, 226001, Nantong, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Chongchuan District, Jiangsu Province, No. 20 Xisi Road, 226001, Nantong, China.
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8
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Pan LF, Niu ZQ, Ren S, Pei HH, Gao YX, Feng H, Sun JL, Zhang ZL. Could extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells be a potential therapy for acute pancreatitis-induced cardiac injury? World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:654-664. [PMID: 37545754 PMCID: PMC10401421 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i7.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) often leads to a high incidence of cardiac injury, posing significant challenges in the treatment of severe AP and contributing to increased mortality rates. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) release bioactive molecules that participate in various inflammatory diseases. Similarly, extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by MSCs have garnered extensive attention due to their comparable anti-inflammatory effects to MSCs and their potential to avoid risks associated with cell transplantation. Recently, the therapeutic potential of MSCs-EVs in various inflammatory diseases, including sepsis and AP, has gained increasing recognition. Although preclinical research on the utilization of MSCs-EVs in AP-induced cardiac injury is limited, several studies have demonstrated the positive effects of MSCs-EVs in regulating inflammation and immunity in sepsis-induced cardiac injury and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, clinical studies have been conducted on the therapeutic application of MSCs-EVs for some other diseases, wherein the contents of these EVs could be deliberately modified through prior modulation of MSCs. Consequently, we hypothesize that MSCs-EVs hold promise as a potential therapy for AP-induced cardiac injury. This paper aims to discuss this topic. However, additional research is essential to comprehensively elucidate the underlying mechanisms of MSCs-EVs in treating AP-induced cardiac injury, as well as to ascertain their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Fei Pan
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ze-Qun Niu
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Song Ren
- Department of Geriatric Digestive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Hong Pei
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Xia Gao
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiang-Li Sun
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheng-Liang Zhang
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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Zohora FT, Aliyu M, Saboor-Yaraghi AA. Secretome-based acellular therapy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in degenerative and immunological disorders: A narrative review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18120. [PMID: 37496898 PMCID: PMC10366432 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) plays a pivotal role in homeostasis by supporting hematopoiesis and immune cells' activation, maturation, interaction, and deployment. "BMSC-derived secretome" refers to the complete repertoire of secreted molecules, including nucleic acids, chemokines, growth factors, cytokines, and lipids from BM-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). BMSC-derived secretomes are the current molecular platform for acellular therapy. Secretomes are highly manipulable and can be synthesised in vast quantities using commercially accessible cell lines in the laboratory. Secretomes are less likely to elicit an immunological response because they contain fewer surface proteins. Moreover, the delivery of BMSC-derived secretomes has been shown in numerous studies to be an effective, cell-free therapy method for alleviating the symptoms of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. As a result, secretome delivery from BMSCs has the same therapeutic effects as BMSCs transplantation but may have fewer adverse effects. Additionally, BMSCs' secretome has therapeutic promise for organoids and parabiosis studies. This review focuses on recent advances in secretome-based cell-free therapy, including its manipulation, isolation, characterisation, and delivery systems. The diverse bioactive molecules of secretomes that successfully treat inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, reproductive, gastrointestinal, and anti-ageing systems were also examined in this review. However, secretome-based therapy has some unfavourable side effects that may restrict its uses. Some of the adverse effects of this modal therapy were briefly mentioned in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Tuz Zohora
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Mansur Aliyu
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran
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Morris DC, Zhang ZG, Jaehne AK, Zhang J, Rivers EP. CLINICAL, MOLECULAR, AND EXOSOMAL MECHANISMS OF CARDIAC AND BRAIN DYSFUNCTION IN SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 59:173-179. [PMID: 36731014 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis is a complex disease resulting from a dysregulated inflammatory response to an infection. Initiation of sepsis occurs from a localized infection that disseminates to the bloodstream placing all organ systems at risk. Septic shock is classically observed to manifest itself as systemic hypotension with hyporesponsiveness to vasopressor agents. Myocardial dysfunction occurs resulting in an inability to perfuse major organ systems throughout the body. Most importantly, the brain is hypoperfused creating an ischemic and inflammatory state resulting in the clinical observation of acute mental status changes and cognitive dysfunction commonly known as sepsis-associated encephalopathy. This short review describes the inflammatory molecular mechanisms of myocardial dysfunction, discusses the evidence of the dual roles of the microglia resulting in blood-brain barrier disruption, and suggests that septic-derived exosomes, endosome-derived lipid bilayer spheroids released from living cells, influence cardiac and neurological cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Morris
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurological Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Anja K Jaehne
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurological Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
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Weber B, Henrich D, Hildebrand F, Marzi I, Leppik L. THE ROLES OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN SEPSIS AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME. Shock 2023; 59:161-172. [PMID: 36730865 PMCID: PMC9940838 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction, caused by dysregulation of the host response to infection. To understand the underlying mechanisms of sepsis, the vast spectrum of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is gaining importance in this research field. A connection between EVs and sepsis was shown in 1998 in an endotoxemia pig model. Since then, the number of studies describing EVs as markers and mediators of sepsis increased steadily. Extracellular vesicles in sepsis could be friends and foes at the same time depending on their origin and cargo. On the one hand, transfer of EVs or outer membrane vesicles can induce sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome with comparable efficiency as well-established methods, such as cecal ligation puncture or lipopolysaccharide injection. On the other hand, EVs could provide certain therapeutic effects, mediated via reduction of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, influence on macrophage polarization and apoptosis, as well as increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, EVs could be helpful in the diagnosis of sepsis. Extracellular vesicles of different cellular origin, such as leucocytes, macrophages, platelets, and granulocytes, have been suggested as potential sepsis biomarkers. They ensure the diagnosis of sepsis earlier than classical clinical inflammation markers, such as C-reactive protein, leucocytes, or IL-6. This review summarizes the three roles of EVs in sepsis-mediator/inducer, biomarker, and therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Weber
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen. Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Liudmila Leppik
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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Chang W, Li P. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: A novel therapeutic agent in ischemic heart diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1098634. [PMID: 36686710 PMCID: PMC9849567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1098634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury is a major pathological factor that causes death in patients with heart diseases. In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been generally used in treating many diseases in animal models and clinical trials. mesenchymal stromal cells have the ability to differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Thus, these cells are considered suitable for cardiac injury repair. However, mechanistic studies have shown that the secretomes of mesenchymal stromal cells, mainly small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), have better therapeutic effects than mesenchymal stromal cells themselves. In addition, small extracellular vesicles have easier quality control characteristics and better safety profiles. Therefore, mesenchymal stromal cell-small extracellular vesicles are emerging as novel therapeutic agents for damaged myocardial treatment. To date, many clinical trials and preclinical experimental results have demonstrated the beneficial effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells-small extracellular vesicles on ischemic heart disease. However, the validation of therapeutic efficacy and the use of tissue engineering methods require an exacting scientific rigor and robustness. This review summarizes the current knowledge of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells- or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells-small extracellular vesicle-based therapy for cardiac injury and discusses critical scientific issues in the development of these therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peifeng Li
- *Correspondence: Wenguang Chang, ; Peifeng Li,
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Zeng EZ, Chen I, Chen X, Yuan X. Exosomal MicroRNAs as Novel Cell-Free Therapeutics in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102485. [PMID: 36289747 PMCID: PMC9598823 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles (50–1000 nm) that can be secreted by all cell types. Microvesicles and exosomes are the major subsets of EVs that exhibit the cell–cell communications and pathological functions of human tissues, and their therapeutic potentials. To further understand and engineer EVs for cell-free therapy, current developments in EV biogenesis and secretion pathways are discussed to illustrate the remaining gaps in EV biology. Specifically, microRNAs (miRs), as a major EV cargo that exert promising therapeutic results, are discussed in the context of biological origins, sorting and packing, and preclinical applications in disease progression and treatments. Moreover, advanced detection and engineering strategies for exosomal miRs are also reviewed. This article provides sufficient information and knowledge for the future design of EVs with specific miRs or protein cargos in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Z. Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Isabelle Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Los Altos High School, Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: or
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Bi CF, Liu J, Yang LS, Zhang JF. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Sepsis Induced Myocardial Injury. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4275-4290. [PMID: 35923903 PMCID: PMC9342248 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s374117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an abnormal condition with multiple organ dysfunctions caused by the uncontrolled infection response and one of the major diseases that seriously hang over global human health. Besides, sepsis is characterized by high morbidity and mortality, especially in intensive care unit (ICU). Among the numerous subsequent organ injuries of sepsis, myocardial injury is one of the most common complications and the main cause of death in septic patients. To better manage septic inpatients, it is necessary to understand the specific mechanisms of sepsis induced myocardial injury (SIMI). Therefore, this review will elucidate the pathophysiology of SIMI from the following certain mechanisms: apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, autophagy, excessive inflammatory response, oxidative stress and pyroptosis, and outline current therapeutic strategies and potential approaches in SIMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fei Bi
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Shan Yang
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Li-Shan Yang; Jun-Fei Zhang, Email ;
| | - Jun-Fei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
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Wang C, Zhao D, Zheng L, Bao X, Yang Q, Jiang S, Zhou X, Tang L, Liu Z. Safety and efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of sepsis induced by pneumonia: study protocol for a single-centre, randomised single-blind parallel group trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058444. [PMID: 35379638 PMCID: PMC8981327 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a life-threatening organ disorder caused by a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection with no effective treatment options exist thus far. Therefore, novel therapeutic methods are urgently advocated for decreasing the high mortality rate. Recently, preclinical studies supported the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of sepsis. In this study, we aim to test the safety, tolerability and efficacy of human umbilical cord MSCs (HUC-MSCs) for the treatment of pneumonia induced sepsis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is a single-centre, randomised single-blind parallel group, placebo-controlled trial. Forty eligible participants with pneumonia-induced sepsis will be randomly assigned to the observational cohort and the interventional cohort in a 1:1 ratio. In addition to the standard treatments recommended by the Sepsis 3.0 guidelines, HUC-MSCs will be administered intravenously as adjunctive therapy on day 0 at a dose of 1×106 cells/kg with a total volume of 100 mL diluted with normal saline through 120 mL/hour intravenous central line infusion in the interventional cohort. Placebo (normal saline) will also be administered through 120 mL/hour intravenous central line infusion at the same quantity (total volume of 100 mL) in the observational cohort. The study is approved by Research Ethics Board of East Hospital/Tongji University, which has been registered on Chinese clinical trial registry (chictr.org.cn) and initiated from October 2021. All the participants will be followed at regular intervals for 1 year. Funding is from the 'National Natural Science Foundation, China and top-level clinical discipline project of Shanghai Pudong'. This study is the first trial to assess the safety and efficacy of HUC-MSCs for the treatment of sepsis induced by pneumonia. The results will advance our understanding of the mode of action of HUC-MSCs and will also be critical for the design of future investigation in larger randomised controlled trials in multicentre. These data will offer insight into defining endpoints, key biomarkers and sample size determination. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Research Ethics Board of East Hospital, Tongji University (Shanghai, China), which has accepted responsibility for supervising all aspects of the study (DFSC-2021(CR-04). The results of this study will be presented at both national and international conferences and be considered for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. All the results presented in this study will be of group data, therefore, individual participants will not be identifiable. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2100050544, the trial is now at the stage of pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Wang
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiaowei Bao
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Sen Jiang
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lunxian Tang
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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The Role of Exosomes in Inflammatory Diseases and Tumor-Related Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061005. [PMID: 35326456 PMCID: PMC8947057 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a decisive role in inducing tumorigenesis, promoting tumor development, tumor invasion and migration. The interaction of cancer cells with their surrounding stromal cells and inflammatory cells further forms an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). The large number of cells present within the TME, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), macrophages, neutrophils, etc., play different roles in the changing TME. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles released by various types of cells, participate in a variety of inflammatory diseases and tumor-related inflammation. As an important communication medium between cells, exosomes continuously regulate the inflammatory microenvironment. In this review, we focused on the role of exosomes in inflammatory diseases and tumor-related inflammation. In addition, we also summarized the functions of exosomes released by various cells in inflammatory diseases and in the TME during the transformation of inflammatory diseases to tumors. We discussed in depth the potential of exosomes as targets and tools to treat inflammatory diseases and tumor-related inflammation.
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