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Bajgai B, Suri M, Singh H, Hanifa M, Bhatti JS, Randhawa PK, Bali A. Naringin: A flavanone with a multifaceted target against sepsis-associated organ injuries. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155707. [PMID: 38788393 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis causes multiple organ dysfunctions and raises mortality and morbidity rates through a dysregulated host response to infection. Despite the growing research interest over the last few years, no satisfactory treatment exists. Naringin, a naturally occurring bioflavonoid with vast therapeutic potential in citrus fruits and Chinese herbs, has received much attention for treating sepsis-associated multiple organ dysfunctions. PURPOSE The review describes preclinical evidence of naringin from 2011 to 2024, particularly emphasizing the mechanism of action mediated by naringin against sepsis-associated specific injuries. The combination therapy, safety profile, drug interactions, recent advancements in formulation, and future perspectives of naringin are also discussed. METHODS In vivo and in vitro studies focusing on the potential role of naringin and its mechanism of action against sepsis-associated organ injuries were identified and summarised in the present manuscript, which includes contributions from 2011 to 2024. All the articles were extracted from the Medline database using PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science with relevant keywords. RESULTS Research findings revealed that naringin modulates many signaling cascades, such as Rho/ROCK and PPAR/STAT1, PIP3/AKT and KEAP1/Nrf2, and IkB/NF-kB and MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1, to potentially protect against sepsis-induced intestinal, cardiac, and lung injury, respectively. Furthermore, naringin treatment exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant action against sepsis harm, highlighting naringin's promising effects in septic settings. Naringin could be employed as a treatment against sepsis, based on studies on combination therapy, synergistic effects, and toxicological investigation that show no reported severe side effects. CONCLUSION Naringin might be a promising therapeutic approach for preventing sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. Naringin should be used alongside other therapeutic therapies with caution despite its great therapeutic potential and lower toxicity. Nonetheless, clinical studies are required to comprehend the therapeutic benefits of naringin against sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bivek Bajgai
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Manisha Suri
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Harshita Singh
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Mohd Hanifa
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Puneet Kaur Randhawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amritsar Group of Colleges, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India; Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Anjana Bali
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India.
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Park W, Jang H, Kim HS, Park SJ, Lim W, Song G, Park S. Therapeutic efficacy and anti-inflammatory mechanism of baicalein on endometriosis progression in patient-derived cell line and mouse model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155469. [PMID: 38824821 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baicalein is a flavonoid extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis G. that has anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. However, therapeutic mechanisms of baicalein in patients with endometriosis in vivo have yet to be elucidated. As a chronic inflammatory gynecological disease, endometriosis causes pain and infertility, and has no complete treatment to date. Current treatment strategies cause several side effects and have high recurrence rates. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the in vivo therapeutic effects of baicalein on endometriosis and verify the action mechanisms of baicalein, focusing on regulating inflammation. METHODS In this study, an autologous transplant mouse model and patient-derived immortalized human ovarian endometriotic stromal cells (ihOESCs) were used to investigate the therapeutic activities of baicalein. The mouse model was administered with 40 mg/kg baicalein by oral gavage for 4 weeks, and the treatment outcomes of baicalein-treated mice were compared with vehicle- and dienogest-treated groups. ihOESCs were treated with 0-5 μg/ml baicalein for in vitro studies. RESULTS Baicalein significantly alleviated the progression of endometriosis in mouse models. Baicalein reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in endometriotic lesions and ihOESCs, and cytokine expression and T cell proportions in mouse spleen. in vitro results showed that baicalein increased mitochondrial calcium flux and induced mitochondrial depolarization and ROS generation in ihOESCs. Ultimately, baicalein inactivated the MAPK/PI3K signaling and induced cell death in ihOESCs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, baicalein effectively attenuated the progression of endometriosis through its anti-inflammatory activities. Baicalein can be an alternative or supplemental treatment for endometriosis to ameliorate the side effects of hormonal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyoung Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Department of Plant & Biomaterials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea; Department of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea.
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Gao J, Fan Y, Lu C, Zhao X, He X. The baicalein amorphous solid dispersion to enhance the dissolution and bioavailability and effects on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity and intestinal flora in Taihang chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103768. [PMID: 38703758 PMCID: PMC11079524 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Baicalein (BAI) is a natural flavonoid with antioxidant, antitumor and antibacterial properties. However, the bioavailability of BAI was limited due to low solubility. This study aims to improve the solubility of BAI through the amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) and evaluate changes in its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in Taihang chickens. Polyethylene caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol grafted copolymer (Soluplus) was chosen as the carrier, and ASD was prepared by rotary evaporation and was characterized by powder X-ray diffractions (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In vitro dissolution assays were used to screen the optimal ratio of drug to carrier, in vivo pharmacokinetic assays were conducted to investigate the promoting effect on the absorption. In addition, the effects of ASD on the growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity and intestinal flora were investigated. ASD (1:9 and 2:8) did not exhibit crystal diffraction peaks of BAI in PXRD or endothermic peaks in DSC, indicating the successful preparation of ASD. The results of in vitro dissolution assay showed that the cumulative dissolution rate of ASD (2:8) within 600 min was 52.67%, which was 7.84-fold higher than BAI. The pharmacokinetic results showed that the peak concentration (Cmax) and the area under the drug-time curve (AUC0∼24) of ASD (2:8) was (5.20 ± 0.82) μg/mL and (17.03 ± 0.67) μg·h/mL, which was 1.91 and 2.64-fold higher than BAI, respectively. Dietary supplementation of BAI and ASD could increase average daily gain (ADG), while decrease feed conversion ratio (FCR), but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). The drip loss of BAIASD group was lower than BAI group (P < 0.05). In addition, the antioxidant capacity of Taihang chickens were enhanced, the diversity and the abundance of beneficial bacteria was improved. Results of BAI upon the dietary supplementation tested in Taihang chickens, after preparation of ASD, indicating a superior enhancement effect in growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity and intestinal flora due to an improved solubility and optimized bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Yingsai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Chenyue Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
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Tahir I, Alsayeqh AF. Phytochemicals: a promising approach to control infectious bursal disease. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1421668. [PMID: 38919155 PMCID: PMC11197927 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1421668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the dangerous diseases of poultry that affects the bursa of Fabricius, which is an important organ of the bird's immune system. IBD virus is resistant to many drugs, making its control difficult. Vaccination of IBD is in practice for a long time worldwide to control IBD, but secondary issues like vaccine failure and lower efficacy lead to their reduced use in the field. Multiple medicines are currently used, but the phytochemicals have emerged as promising agents for controlling IBD. The drugs to be developed should possess direct antiviral properties by targeting viral entry mechanisms, enhancing the host immune response, and inhibiting viral protein synthesis. Phytochemicals have potential to contribute to food security by minimizing the possibility of disease outbreaks and ensuring that consumers worldwide obtain healthy poultry products. It has been now claimed that direct and indirect activities of phytochemicals can be effective in the control of IBDV. Although available evidence suggest that the phytochemicals can contribute in controlling occurrence IBDV, there is a definite need of focused studies to gain more insight and develop rational strategies for their practical use. This review highlights the disease caused by IBDV, inhibition of viral replication, boosting the immune system, disruption of viral membrane, and important phytochemicals showing antiviral activities against IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Tahir
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah F. Alsayeqh
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Dicle Y, Aydin E, Seker U. Investigation of the protective activity of baicalein on the lungs via regulation of various cellular responses in rats exposed to experimental sepsis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfad112. [PMID: 38178997 PMCID: PMC10762668 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds In the present study, a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced experimental sepsis rat model was used to explore the effects of baicalein on inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress as well as the possible regulatory role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Methods For that purpose, 42 Wistar albino rats were equally divided into control, sham, sepsis, B50 + S, B100 + S, S + B50, and S + B100 groups. The B50 + S and B100 + S groups received baicalein before the induction of sepsis, while the S + B50 and S + B100 groups received baicalein afterwards. Experimental sepsis in related groups is generated through ligation of cecum and a puncture in cecal wall. Serum samples were used for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) analyses, and tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), IL-6, and NF-κB levels were measured. Results Compared to the control group, there were significantly increases in the serum TNF-α, IL-6, tissue MDA, and NF-κB levels and decreases in the tissue SOD and GSH levels in the septic group (P < 0.05). Compared to the septic group, inflammation and oxidative stress were reduced in the baicalein-treated groups. Although all of the pre- and post-treatment protocols alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress to varying degrees, pre-treatment with 100 mg/kg was the most successful. Conclusions Findings of this study indicated that baicalein has the potential to reduce sepsis-related oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs and that pathological outcomes could be regulated via NF-κB transcription factor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalcin Dicle
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mardin Artuklu University, 47200, Mardin, Türkiye
| | - Elif Aydin
- Tavsanli Vocational School of Health Services, Kutahya Health Sciences University, 43300, Kutahya, Türkiye
| | - Ugur Seker
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mardin Artuklu University, 47200, Mardin, Türkiye
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Bayram P, Aksak Karamese S, Özdemir B, Durak A, Billur D. The effects of cisplatin and jaceosidin on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: an electron microscopic, molecular and biochemical study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:388-397. [PMID: 37246956 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2218911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, our aim was to show both the single and combined effects of cisplatin and jaceosidin in SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells. For this purpose, we used MTT cellular viability assay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Immunofluorescence Staining Assay (IFA) and Western blotting (WB) assay. According to MTT findings, IC50 dose was detected as 50 µM cisplatin and 160 µM jaceosidin co-application. Therefore, experimental groups were finally selected as control, cisplatin, 160 µM jaceosidin and Cisplatin +160 µM jaceosidin. Cell viability was decreased in all groups, and the IFA findings confirmed the viability analysis. WB data indicated that matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 levels, as indicators of metastasis, decreased. While LPO and CAT levels increased in all treatment groups, it was observed that the activity of SOD decreased. When TEM micrographs were investigated, cellular damages were determined. In the light of these results, it can be said that cisplatin and jaceosidin have a potential to increase the effects of each other synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Bayram
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Selina Aksak Karamese
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Bengul Özdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Durak
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Biophysics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Billur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology-Embryology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Hart DA. Regulation of Bone by Mechanical Loading, Sex Hormones, and Nerves: Integration of Such Regulatory Complexity and Implications for Bone Loss during Space Flight and Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1136. [PMID: 37509172 PMCID: PMC10377148 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During evolution, the development of bone was critical for many species to thrive and function in the boundary conditions of Earth. Furthermore, bone also became a storehouse for calcium that could be mobilized for reproductive purposes in mammals and other species. The critical nature of bone for both function and reproductive needs during evolution in the context of the boundary conditions of Earth has led to complex regulatory mechanisms that require integration for optimization of this tissue across the lifespan. Three important regulatory variables include mechanical loading, sex hormones, and innervation/neuroregulation. The importance of mechanical loading has been the target of much research as bone appears to subscribe to the "use it or lose it" paradigm. Furthermore, because of the importance of post-menopausal osteoporosis in the risk for fractures and loss of function, this aspect of bone regulation has also focused research on sex differences in bone regulation. The advent of space flight and exposure to microgravity has also led to renewed interest in this unique environment, which could not have been anticipated by evolution, to expose new insights into bone regulation. Finally, a body of evidence has also emerged indicating that the neuroregulation of bone is also central to maintaining function. However, there is still more that is needed to understand regarding how such variables are integrated across the lifespan to maintain function, particularly in a species that walks upright. This review will attempt to discuss these regulatory elements for bone integrity and propose how further study is needed to delineate the details to better understand how to improve treatments for those at risk for loss of bone integrity, such as in the post-menopausal state or during prolonged space flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hart
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Kinesiology, and McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Research, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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