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Jeon W, Kwon Y, Kwon MS. Highly efficient dual photoredox/copper catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization achieved through mechanism-driven photocatalyst design. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5160. [PMID: 38886349 PMCID: PMC11183263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with dual photoredox/copper catalysis combines the advantages of photo-ATRP and photoredox-mediated ATRP, utilizing visible light and ensuring broad monomer scope and solvent compatibility while minimizing side reactions. Despite its popularity, challenges include high photocatalyst (PC) loadings (10 to 1000 ppm), requiring additional purification and increasing costs. In this study, we discover a PC that functions at the sub-ppm level for ATRP through mechanism-driven PC design. Through studying polymerization mechanisms, we find that the efficient polymerizations are driven by PCs whose ground state oxidation potential-responsible for PC regeneration-play a more important role than their excited state reducing power, responsible for initiation. This is verified by screening PCs with varying redox potentials and triplet excited state generation capabilities. Based on these findings, we identify a highly efficient PC, 4DCDP-IPN, featuring moderate excited state reducing power and a maximized ground state oxidation potential. Employing this PC at 50 ppb, we synthesize poly(methyl methacrylate) with high conversion, narrow molecular weight distribution, and high chain-end fidelity. This system exhibits oxygen tolerance and supports large-scale reactions under ambient conditions. Our findings, driven by the systematic PC design, offer meaningful insights for controlled radical polymerizations and metallaphotoredox-mediated syntheses beyond ATRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Fu C, Wang Z, Zhou X, Hu B, Li C, Yang P. Protein-based bioactive coatings: from nanoarchitectonics to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1514-1551. [PMID: 38167899 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00786c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based bioactive coatings have emerged as a versatile and promising strategy for enhancing the performance and biocompatibility of diverse biomedical materials and devices. Through surface modification, these coatings confer novel biofunctional attributes, rendering the material highly bioactive. Their widespread adoption across various domains in recent years underscores their importance. This review systematically elucidates the behavior of protein-based bioactive coatings in organisms and expounds on their underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, it highlights notable advancements in artificial synthesis methodologies and their functional applications in vitro. A focal point is the delineation of assembly strategies employed in crafting protein-based bioactive coatings, which provides a guide for their expansion and sustained implementation. Finally, the current trends, challenges, and future directions of protein-based bioactive coatings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhengge Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Eastern HuaLan Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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3
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Kim DH, Alayande AB, Lee JM, Jang JH, Jo SM, Jae MR, Yang E, Chae KJ. Emerging marine environmental pollution and ecosystem disturbance in ship hull cleaning for biofouling removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167459. [PMID: 37788783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous marine sessile organisms adhere to ship hulls and increase the sailing resistance. Antibiofouling paints are employed to maintain the ship performance. However, the chemicals employed for antifouling purposes are becoming increasingly diverse, lacking clear toxicological information. Particularly, the imperfect antibiofouling efficacies of these chemicals necessitate periodic hull cleaning to dislodge attached marine organisms. This hull cleaning process inadvertently releases a plethora of hazardous substances, including antibiofouling chemicals, heavy metals, and cleaning agents, alongside exotic microorganisms. This results in profound marine pollution and ecosystem disruption. Specifically, these exotic microorganisms pose a novel ecological threat in coastal waters. However, despite the gravity of ship hull cleaning-related issues, comprehensive investigations have been lacking, and international regulatory measures are gaining attention recently. Aiming to provide solutions to the emerging challenges associated with hull cleaning, this review endeavors to comprehensively address the biofouling organisms and their mechanisms, potential antifouling paint hazards, and effective hull cleaning methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Abayomi Babatunde Alayande
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do 53064, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29625, United States
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Jo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ri Jae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Euntae Yang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do 53064, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Wong YH, Dreyer N, Liu H, Lan Y, Chen JJ, Sun J, Zhang WP, Qian PY, Chan BKK. Gene co-option, duplication and divergence of cement proteins underpin the evolution of bioadhesives across barnacle life histories. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5071-5088. [PMID: 37584177 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Acquisition of new genes often results in the emergence of novel functions and is a key step in lineage-specific adaptation. As a group of sessile crustaceans, barnacles establish permanent attachment through initial cement secretion at the larval phase followed by continuous cement secretion in juveniles and adults. However, the origins and evolution of barnacle larval and adult cement proteins remain poorly understood. By performing microdissection of larval cement glands, transcriptome and shotgun proteomics and immunohistochemistry validation, we identified 30 larval and 27 adult cement proteins of the epibiotic turtle barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria, of which the majority are stage- and barnacle-specific. While only two proteins, SIPC and CP100K, were expressed in both larvae and adults, detection of protease inhibitors and the cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase paralogs in larvae and adult cement. Other barnacle-specific cement proteins such as CP100k and CP52k likely share a common origin dating back at least to the divergence of Rhizocephala and Thoracica. Different CP52k paralogues could be detected in larval and adult cement, suggesting stage-specific cement proteins may arise from duplication followed by changes in expression timing of the duplicates. Interestingly, the biochemical properties of larval- and adult-specific CP52k paralogues exhibited remarkable differences. We conclude that barnacle larval and adult cement systems evolved independently, and both emerged from co-option of existing genes and de novo formation, duplication and functional divergence of lineage-specific cement protein genes. Our findings provide important insights into the evolutionary mechanisms of bioadhesives in sessile marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Him Wong
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Niklas Dreyer
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, TIGP, Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - HaoCheng Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Lan
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jamie J Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei-Peng Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Yap FC, Wong WL, Chong VC, Bong CW, Lim LHS. Development of the muscular and nervous systems during the larval ontogeny of the stalked barnacle, Octolasmis angulata Aurivillius 1894 (Cirripedia: Thoracicalcerea: Poecilasmatidae). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2023; 76:101298. [PMID: 37672818 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The advancements in microscopic techniques have stimulated great interest in the muscular and neural architectures of invertebrates, specifically using muscle and neural structures to infer phylogenetic relationships. Here, we provide the data on the development of the muscular and nervous systems during the larval development of stalked barnacle, Octolasmis angulata using the phalloidin F-actin and immunohistochemical labelling (e.g. acetylated α-tubulin and serotonin) and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. All naupliar stages shared the same muscle and neural architectures with only the discrepancy in size. The nauplii have a complex muscle arrangement in their feeding apparatus and naupliar appendages. Most naupliar muscles undergo histolyse during the cyprid metamorphosis. The cyprid muscles form beneath the head shield at the end of nauplius VI. The naupliar and cyprid central nervous systems exhibit the typical tripartite brain comprising the protocerebrum, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum. The serotonin-like immunoreactivity is mainly found in the naupliar brain, mandibular ganglia, cyprid brain and posterior ganglia. Our study revealed that numerous muscle and neural architectures in the naupliar and cyprids have phylogenetic significance, but future studies on the myoanatomy and neuroanatomy of other barnacle species are necessary to determine the homology of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fook-Choy Yap
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, 31900, Perak, Malaysia; Graduate School, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Selangor, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Wey-Lim Wong
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, 31900, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Ving-Ching Chong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chui-Wei Bong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee-Hong Susan Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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6
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Liu X, Jin H, Xu G, Lai R, Wang A. Bioactive Peptides from Barnacles and Their Potential for Antifouling Development. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:480. [PMID: 37755093 PMCID: PMC10532818 DOI: 10.3390/md21090480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Barnacles, a prevalent fouler organism in intertidal zones, has long been a source of annoyance due to significant economic losses and ecological impacts. Numerous antifouling approaches have been explored, including extensive research on antifouling chemicals. However, the excessive utilization of small-molecule chemicals appears to give rise to novel environmental concerns. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new strategies. Barnacles exhibit appropriate responses to environmental challenges with complex physiological processes and unique sensory systems. Given the assumed crucial role of bioactive peptides, an increasing number of peptides with diverse activities are being discovered in barnacles. Fouling-related processes have been identified as potential targets for antifouling strategies. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of peptides derived from barnacles, aiming to underscore their significant potential in the quest for innovative solutions in biofouling prevention and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; (X.L.); (H.J.); (G.X.); (R.L.)
| | - Hui Jin
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; (X.L.); (H.J.); (G.X.); (R.L.)
| | - Gaochi Xu
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; (X.L.); (H.J.); (G.X.); (R.L.)
| | - Ren Lai
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; (X.L.); (H.J.); (G.X.); (R.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650107, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; (X.L.); (H.J.); (G.X.); (R.L.)
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7
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Weber F, Esmaeili N. Marine biofouling and the role of biocidal coatings in balancing environmental impacts. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:661-681. [PMID: 37587856 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2246906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling is a global problem affecting various industries, particularly the shipping industry due to long-distance voyages across various ecosystems. Therein fouled hulls cause increased fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and the spread of invasive aquatic species. To counteract these issues, biofouling management plans are employed using manual cleaning protocols and protective coatings. This review provides a comprehensive overview of adhesion strategies of marine organisms, and currently available mitigation methods. Further, recent developments and open challenges of antifouling (AF) and fouling release (FR) coatings are discussed with regards to the future regulatory environment. Finally, an overview of the environmental and economic impact of fouling is provided to point out why and when the use of biocidal solutions is beneficial in the overall perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weber
- Department of Materials and Nanotechnology, SINTEF, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Hao D, Li X, Yang E, Tian Y, Jiang L. Barnacle inspired high-strength hydrogel for adhesive. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1183799. [PMID: 37077234 PMCID: PMC10106642 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1183799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Barnacle exhibits high adhesion strength underwater for its glue with coupled adhesion mechanisms, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic force, and hydrophobic interaction. Inspired by such adhesion mechanism, we designed and constructed a hydrophobic phase separation hydrogel induced by the electrostatic and hydrogen bond interaction assembly of PEI and PMAA. By coupling the effect of hydrogen bond, electrostatic force and hydrophobic interaction, our gel materials show an ultrahigh mechanical strength, which is up to 2.66 ± 0.18 MPa. Also, benefit from the coupled adhesion forces, as well as the ability to destroy the interface water layer, the adhesion strength on the polar materials can be up to 1.99 ± 0.11 MPa underwater, while that of the adhesion strength is about 2.70 ± 0.21 MPa under silicon oil. This work provides a deeper understanding of the underwater adhesion principle of barnacle glue. Furthermore, our bioinspired strategy would provide an inspiration for the fabrication of high mechanical gel materials, and the rapid strong adhesive used in both water and organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhao Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingchao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enfeng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Future Science and Technology on Bioinspired Interface, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Tian,
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Miserez A, Yu J, Mohammadi P. Protein-Based Biological Materials: Molecular Design and Artificial Production. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2049-2111. [PMID: 36692900 PMCID: PMC9999432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric materials produced from fossil fuels have been intimately linked to the development of industrial activities in the 20th century and, consequently, to the transformation of our way of living. While this has brought many benefits, the fabrication and disposal of these materials is bringing enormous sustainable challenges. Thus, materials that are produced in a more sustainable fashion and whose degradation products are harmless to the environment are urgently needed. Natural biopolymers─which can compete with and sometimes surpass the performance of synthetic polymers─provide a great source of inspiration. They are made of natural chemicals, under benign environmental conditions, and their degradation products are harmless. Before these materials can be synthetically replicated, it is essential to elucidate their chemical design and biofabrication. For protein-based materials, this means obtaining the complete sequences of the proteinaceous building blocks, a task that historically took decades of research. Thus, we start this review with a historical perspective on early efforts to obtain the primary sequences of load-bearing proteins, followed by the latest developments in sequencing and proteomic technologies that have greatly accelerated sequencing of extracellular proteins. Next, four main classes of protein materials are presented, namely fibrous materials, bioelastomers exhibiting high reversible deformability, hard bulk materials, and biological adhesives. In each class, we focus on the design at the primary and secondary structure levels and discuss their interplays with the mechanical response. We finally discuss earlier and the latest research to artificially produce protein-based materials using biotechnology and synthetic biology, including current developments by start-up companies to scale-up the production of proteinaceous materials in an economically viable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Miserez
- Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore637553.,School of Biological Sciences, NTU, Singapore637551
| | - Jing Yu
- Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore637553.,Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore637553
| | - Pezhman Mohammadi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, UusimaaFI-02044, Finland
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10
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Chai K, Wu Y, Shi W, Duan D, Wu J, Han E. The movement and settlement behaviour of cyprids of Balanus reticulatus on the surfaces of the titanium alloys. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:824-836. [PMID: 36314065 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2138753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The motion paths of Balanus reticulatus cyprids were similar on all the titanium alloys surfaces. On the parallel grinding surfaces, the temporary attachment duration and the settlement ratio of the cyprids were influenced by the roughness and the composition of the surfaces and correlated positively. The surface roughness could also change the contact area and the numbers of the attachment points of the cyprids in the similar pattern. Consequently, the roughness and the composition of the surfaces regulated the cyprid settlement by the temporary attachment duration. The cross grinding increased the temporary attachment duration but drastically decreased the settlement ratio to 0 compared to the parallel grinding, possibly due to the voids and the drastic decrease of the contact area and the numbers of the attachment points of the cyprids on the cross grinding surface, respectively. The cross grinding therefore significantly reduced the cyprid settlement compared to the parallel grinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chai
- Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Yaohua Wu
- Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxia Duan
- Sunrui Marine Environment Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinyi Wu
- Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Enhou Han
- Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
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11
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Benda J, Narikiyo H, Stafslien SJ, VanderWal LJ, Finlay JA, Aldred N, Clare AS, Webster DC. Studying the Effect of Pre-Polymer Composition and Incorporation of Surface-Modifying Amphiphilic Additives on the Fouling-Release Performance of Amphiphilic Siloxane-Polyurethane Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37229-37247. [PMID: 35939765 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Combining amphiphilic fouling-release (FR) coatings with the surface-active nature of amphiphilic additives can improve the antifouling/fouling-release (AF/FR) properties needed to offer broad-spectrum resistance to marine biofoulants. This work is focused on further tuning the amphiphilic character of a previously developed amphiphilic siloxane-polyurethane (SiPU) coating by varying the amount of PDMS and PEG in the base system. Furthermore, surface-modifying amphiphilic additives (SMAAs) were incorporated into these amphiphilic FR SiPU coatings in varying amounts. ATR-FTIR, contact angle and surface energy measurements, and AFM were performed to assess changes in surface composition, wettability, and morphology. AF/FR properties were evaluated using laboratory biological assays involving Cellulophaga lytica, Navicula incerta, Ulva linza, Amphibalanus amphitrite, and Geukensia demissa. The surfaces of these coatings varied significantly upon changes in PDMS and PEG content in the coating matrix, as well as with changes in SMAA incorporation. AF/FR properties were also significantly changed, with formulations containing the highest amounts of SMAA showing very high removal properties compared to other experimental formulations, in some cases better than that of commercial standard FR coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Benda
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Hayato Narikiyo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shane J Stafslien
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Lyndsi J VanderWal
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Nick Aldred
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Dean C Webster
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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12
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Qiu H, Feng K, Gapeeva A, Meurisch K, Kaps S, Li X, Yu L, Mishra YK, Adelung R, Baum M. Functional Polymer Materials for Modern Marine Biofouling Control. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Cleverley R, Webb D, Middlemiss S, Duke P, Clare A, Okano K, Harwood C, Aldred N. In Vitro Oxidative Crosslinking of Recombinant Barnacle Cyprid Cement Gland Proteins. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:928-942. [PMID: 34714445 PMCID: PMC8639568 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Barnacle adhesion is a focus for fouling-control technologies as well as the development of bioinspired adhesives, although the mechanisms remain very poorly understood. The barnacle cypris larva is responsible for surface colonisation. Cyprids release cement from paired glands that contain proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, although further compositional details are scant. Several genes coding for cement gland-specific proteins were identified, but only one of these showed database homology. This was a lysyl oxidase-like protein (lcp_LOX). LOX-like enzymes have been previously identified in the proteome of adult barnacle cement secretory tissue. We attempted to produce recombinant LOX in E. coli, in order to identify its role in cyprid cement polymerisation. We also produced two other cement gland proteins (lcp3_36k_3B8 and lcp2_57k_2F5). lcp2_57k_2F5 contained 56 lysine residues and constituted a plausible substrate for LOX. While significant quantities of soluble lcp3_36k_3B8 and lcp2_57k_2F5 were produced in E. coli, production of stably soluble lcp_LOX failed. A commercially sourced human LOX catalysed the crosslinking of lcp2_57k_2F5 into putative dimers and trimers, and this reaction was inhibited by lcp3_36k_3B8. Inhibition of the lcp_LOX:lcp2_57k_2F5 reaction by lcp3_36k_3B8 appeared to be substrate specific, with no inhibitory effect on the oxidation of cadaverine by LOX. The results demonstrate a possible curing mechanism for barnacle cyprid cement and, thus, provide a basis for a more complete understanding of larval adhesion for targeted control of marine biofouling and adhesives for niche applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Cleverley
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - David Webb
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Stuart Middlemiss
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Phillip Duke
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Anthony Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Keiju Okano
- Department of Biotechnology, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Colin Harwood
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Nick Aldred
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
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14
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Narayanan A, Dhinojwala A, Joy A. Design principles for creating synthetic underwater adhesives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13321-13345. [PMID: 34751690 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Water and adhesives have a conflicting relationship as demonstrated by the failure of most man-made adhesives in underwater environments. However, living creatures routinely adhere to substrates underwater. For example, sandcastle worms create protective reefs underwater by secreting a cocktail of protein glue that binds mineral particles together, and mussels attach themselves to rocks near tide-swept sea shores using byssal threads formed from their extracellular secretions. Over the past few decades, the physicochemical examination of biological underwater adhesives has begun to decipher the mysteries behind underwater adhesion. These naturally occurring adhesives have inspired the creation of several synthetic materials that can stick underwater - a task that was once thought to be "impossible". This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in the science of underwater adhesion over the past few decades. In this review, we introduce the basic thermodynamics processes and kinetic parameters involved in adhesion. Second, we describe the challenges brought by water when adhering underwater. Third, we explore the adhesive mechanisms showcased by mussels and sandcastle worms to overcome the challenges brought by water. We then present a detailed review of synthetic underwater adhesives that have been reported to date. Finally, we discuss some potential applications of underwater adhesives and the current challenges in the field by using a tandem analysis of the reported chemical structures and their adhesive strength. This review is aimed to inspire and facilitate the design of novel synthetic underwater adhesives, that will, in turn expand our understanding of the physical and chemical parameters that influence underwater adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Narayanan
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
| | - Abraham Joy
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
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15
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Dreyer N, Tsai PC, Olesen J, Kolbasov GA, Høeg JT, Chan BKK. Independent and adaptive evolution of phenotypic novelties driven by coral symbiosis in barnacle larvae. Evolution 2021; 76:139-157. [PMID: 34705275 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The invasion of novel habitats is recognized as a major promotor of adaptive trait evolution in animals. We tested whether similar ecological niches entail independent and adaptive evolution of key phenotypic structures related to larval host invasion in distantly related taxa. We use disparately related clades of coral barnacles as our model system (Acrothoracica: Berndtia and Thoracica: Pyrgomatidae). We analyze the larval antennular phenotypes and functional morphologies facilitating host invasion. Extensive video recordings show that coral host invasion is carried out exclusively by cypris larvae with spear-shaped antennules. These first exercise a series of complex probing behaviors followed by repeated antennular penetration of the soft host tissues, which subsequently facilitates permanent invasion. Phylogenetic mapping of larval form and function related to niche invasion in 99 species of barnacles (Thecostraca) compellingly shows that the spear-phenotype is uniquely associated with corals and penetrative behaviors. These features evolved independently in the two coral barnacle clades and from ancestors with fundamentally different antennular phenotypes. The larval host invasion system in coral barnacles likely evolved adaptively across millions of years for overcoming challenges associated with invading and entering demanding coral hosts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Dreyer
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei.,Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Kobenhavn, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Pei-Che Tsai
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Jørgen Olesen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Kobenhavn, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Gregory A Kolbasov
- White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty of Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia
| | - Jens T Høeg
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Kobenhavn, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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16
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Pinheiro LM, Carvalho IV, Agostini VO, Martinez-Souza G, Galloway TS, Pinho GLL. Litter contamination at a salt marsh: An ecological niche for biofouling in South Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117647. [PMID: 34380228 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of solid litter and its consequences for coastal ecosystems is now being investigated around the world. Different types of material can be discarded in areas such as salt marshes, and various fouling organisms can associate with such items forming the Plastisphere. This study investigated the distribution of solid litter along zones (dry, middle, flooded) of a salt marsh environment in the Patos Lagoon Estuary (South Brazil) and the association of biofouling organisms with these items. Solid litter quantities were significantly higher in the dry zone when compared to the middle and flooded zones, showing an accumulation area where the water rarely reaches. Most items were made of plastic, as shown for many other coastal areas, and originated from food packaging, fishery and shipping activities and personal use. Although not statistically significant, there was a tendency of increased biofouling towards the flooded zone. Thirteen groups were found in association with solid litter items, mainly algae, amphipods, and gastropods. The preference for salt marsh zones, types of material and items' colour was highly variable among groups of organisms, which can be related to their varied physiological requirements. In summary, significant plastic contamination of salt marshes of the Patos Lagoon was associated with a heterogeneous distribution of fouling communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanologia (PPGO), Brazil; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
| | - Isadora V Carvalho
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa O Agostini
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (PNPD-CAPES/PPGO), Brazil
| | - Gustavo Martinez-Souza
- Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Física da Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Tamara S Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Grasiela L L Pinho
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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17
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Khan MAR, Wang BW, Chen YY, Lin TH, Lin HC, Yang YL, Pang KL, Liaw CC. Natural polyketide 6-pentyl-2 H-pyrone-2-one and its synthetic analogues efficiently prevent marine biofouling. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:257-266. [PMID: 33870823 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1890043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling is a widespread phenomenon in oceans worldwide. With increasing human development and activities in open and coastal waters, and due to the environmental impact of AF organotins and copper-based paint, the demand for nontoxic antifouling (AF) paints is increasing. Various bioassays for antimicrobial activity, anti-biofilm formation and anti-barnacle settlement were established to evaluate the possibility of using marine natural products as AF agents. A series of natural products, isolated from the marine-derived fungi Trichoderma atroviride and T. reesei, were evaluated for their AF activity. One pyrone-type compound (1) demonstrated significant inhibitory activities toward barnacle cyprid settlement. Furthermore, a series of pyrone analogues (S1-S6) were synthesized, and their bioactivities were evaluated in the established systems. The results showed that compounds S5 and S6 exhibited a broad spectrum of bioactivities, such as anti-barnacle settlement, anti-biofilm formation and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Aqib Raza Khan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bo-Wei Wang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yih-Yu Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Chin Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ka-Lai Pang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Chuang Liaw
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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18
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Benda J, Stafslien S, Vanderwal L, Finlay JA, Clare AS, Webster DC. Surface modifying amphiphilic additives and their effect on the fouling-release performance of siloxane-polyurethane coatings. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:309-326. [PMID: 33761816 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1901891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, surface-modifying amphiphilic additives (SMAAs) were synthesized via hydrosilylation using various polymethylhydrosiloxanes (PMHS) and allyl-terminated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ethers (APEG) of varying molecular weights. The additives synthesized were incorporated into a hydrophobic, self-stratifying siloxane-polyurethane (SiPU) coating system to produce an amphiphilic surface. Contact angle experiments and atomic force microscopy (AFM), in a dry and hydrated state, were performed to assess changes in surface wettability and morphology. The antifouling and fouling-release (AF/FR) performances were evaluated by performing laboratory biological assays using the marine bacterium Cellulophaga lytica, the microalga Navicula incerta, the macroalga Ulva linza, the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite, and the marine mussel, Geukensia demissa. Several of the formulations showed improved AF/FR performance vs the base SiPU and performed better than some of the commercial standard marine coatings. Formulations containing SMAAs with a low grafting density of relatively high molecular weight PEG chains showed the best performance overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Benda
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Shane Stafslien
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Lyndsi Vanderwal
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dean C Webster
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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19
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Chan BKK, Dreyer N, Gale AS, Glenner H, Ewers-Saucedo C, Pérez-Losada M, Kolbasov GA, Crandall KA, Høeg JT. The evolutionary diversity of barnacles, with an updated classification of fossil and living forms. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We present a comprehensive revision and synthesis of the higher-level classification of the barnacles (Crustacea: Thecostraca) to the genus level and including both extant and fossils forms. We provide estimates of the number of species in each group. Our classification scheme has been updated based on insights from recent phylogenetic studies and attempts to adjust the higher-level classifications to represent evolutionary lineages better, while documenting the evolutionary diversity of the barnacles. Except where specifically noted, recognized taxa down to family are argued to be monophyletic from molecular analysis and/or morphological data. Our resulting classification divides the Thecostraca into the subclasses Facetotecta, Ascothoracida and Cirripedia. The whole class now contains 14 orders, 65 families and 367 genera. We estimate that barnacles consist of 2116 species. The taxonomy is accompanied by a discussion of major morphological events in barnacle evolution and justifications for the various rearrangements we propose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niklas Dreyer
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Invertebrate Zoology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andy S Gale
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Henrik Glenner
- Marine Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Gregory A Kolbasov
- White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jens T Høeg
- Marine Biology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Liu M, Li S, Wang H, Jiang R, Zhou X. Research progress of environmentally friendly marine antifouling coatings. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00512j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The antifouling mechanisms and research progress in the past three years of environmentally friendly marine antifouling coatings are introduced in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Liu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Suzhou University of Science andTechnology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Shaonan Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Suzhou University of Science andTechnology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Suzhou University of Science andTechnology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Rijia Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Suzhou University of Science andTechnology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Xing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Suzhou University of Science andTechnology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
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21
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Dreyer N, Zardus JD, Høeg JT, Olesen J, Yu MC, Chan BKK. How whale and dolphin barnacles attach to their hosts and the paradox of remarkably versatile attachment structures in cypris larvae. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Transcriptome analyses suggest a molecular mechanism for the SIPC response of Amphibalanus amphitrite. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:823-829. [PMID: 32164940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Barnacles are notorious marine fouling organisms. Their successful attachment to a substrate requires that they search for an appropriate habitat during their cyprid stage. A chemical cue called SIPC (Settlement-Inducing Protein Complex) has been shown to play a key role in the induction of cyprid gregarious settlement; however, the underlying biochemical mechanism remains unclear. Here, RNA-seq was used to examine the gene expression profiles of Amphibalanus amphitrite cyprids in response to SIPC and to identify SIPC-activated intracellular signaling pathways. A total of 389 unigenes were differentially expressed in response to SIPC, and cement protein genes were not among them. KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that SNARE interactions in the vesicular transport pathway were significantly influenced by SIPC treatment, indicating a possible role for SIPC in triggering protein transportation and secretion. Several genes with specific functions in metamorphosis were found among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in enamel mineralization pathways, suggesting that SIPC may also be involved in the activation of mineralization.
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23
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Mechanical Analysis of a Scraping Method to Remove Attached Barnacles. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to clean the marine fouling attached to marine steel piles, a scraping method is proposed in this paper. Barnacles were used to represent a typical object needing removal, in order to estimate the maximum force required in the equipment designed for use in this method. On the basis of the orthogonal cutting theory and the peel zone method, a scraping method and its cutting force model are proposed in this paper for the surface cleaning of marine steel piles. The finite element method was used to verify the analytical model errors. The comparison showed that the relative errors of the cutting force are less than 10%. Our model can be used for cutting force estimation in cleaning equipment design. Our analysis shows that the blade rake angle has a large effect on the cutting force and that the optimum blade rake angle design is a compromise between blade strength and cutting force. We conclude that increasing the blade rake angle can reduce the cutting force in this scraping process; a medium blade rake angle [30°, 60°] is recommended, considering both cutting force and blade strength.
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24
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Wanka R, Aldred N, Finlay JA, Amuthalingam A, Clarke JL, Clare AS, Rosenhahn A. Antifouling Properties of Dendritic Polyglycerols against Marine Macrofouling Organisms. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:16568-16575. [PMID: 31746204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic polyglycerols (PGs) were synthesized and postmodified by grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) diglycidyl ether groups, and their antifouling and fouling-release properties were tested. Coating characterization by spectroscopic ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, attenuated total internal reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and atomic force microscopy showed brushlike morphologies with a high degree of microscale roughness and the ability to absorb large amounts of water within seconds. PGs with three different thicknesses were tested in laboratory assays against settlement of larvae of the barnacle Balanus improvisus and against the settlement and removal of zoospores of the alga Ulva linza. Very low coating thicknesses, e.g., 11 nm, reduced the settlement of barnacles, under static conditions, to 2% compared with 55% for an octadecyltrichlorosilane reference surface. In contrast, zoospores of U. linza settled readily but the vast majority were removed by exposure to a shear force of 52 Pa. Both PEG and PPG modification increased the antifouling properties of the PG films, providing a direct comparison of the ultralow fouling properties of all three polymers. Both, the modified and the nonmodified PGs are promising components for incorporation into amphiphilic fouling-resistant coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Wanka
- Analytical Chemistry-Biointerfaces , Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum 44780 , Germany
| | - Nick Aldred
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Ajitha Amuthalingam
- Analytical Chemistry-Biointerfaces , Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum 44780 , Germany
| | - Jessica L Clarke
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry-Biointerfaces , Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum 44780 , Germany
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25
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Carve M, Scardino A, Shimeta J. Effects of surface texture and interrelated properties on marine biofouling: a systematic review. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:597-617. [PMID: 31298039 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1636036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review examines effects of surface texture on marine biofouling and characterizes key research methodologies. Seventy-five published articles met selection criteria for qualitative analysis; experimental data from 36 underwent quantitative meta-analysis. Most studies investigated fouling mechanisms and antifouling performance only in laboratory assays with one to several test species. Textures were almost exclusively a single layer of regularly arranged geometric features rather than complex hierarchical or irregular designs. Textures in general had no effect or an inconclusive effect on fouling in 46% of cases. However, effective textures more often decreased (35%) rather than increased (19%) fouling. Complex designs were more effective against fouling (51%) than were regular geometric features (32%). Ratios of feature height, width, or pitch to organism body length were significant influences. The authors recommend further research on promising complex and hierarchical texture designs with more test species, as well as field studies to ground-truth laboratory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Carve
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Scardino
- Maritime Division, Defence Science and Technology, Fishermans Bend, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeff Shimeta
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Aldred N, Nelson A. Microbiome acquisition during larval settlement of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20180763. [PMID: 31164063 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Barnacles are conspicuous members of rocky intertidal communities and settlement of the final larval stage, the cyprid, is influenced by the presence of biofilms. While modulation of cyprid settlement by biofilms has been studied extensively, the acquisition of a specific microbiome by the settling larva has not. This study investigated settlement in the field of Semibalanus balanoides in two consecutive years when the composition of the benthic bacterial community differed. In both years, settling cyprids adopted a specific sub-set of benthic bacteria that was distinct from the planktonic cyprid and the benthos. This microbiome was consistent, regardless of annual variability in the benthic community structure, and established within hours of settlement. The results imply that a natural process of selection occurs during the critical final transition of S. balanoides to the sessile form. The apparent consistency of this process between years suggests that optimal growth and survival of barnacles could depend upon a complex inter-kingdom relationship, as has been demonstrated in other animal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Aldred
- 1 School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , UK
| | - Andrew Nelson
- 2 Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST , UK
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27
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Sensory receptor repertoire in cyprid antennules of the barnacle Balanus improvisus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216294. [PMID: 31048879 PMCID: PMC6497305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Barnacle settlement involves sensing of a variety of exogenous cues. A pair of antennules is the main sensory organ that the cyprid larva uses to explore the surface. Antennules are equipped with a number of setae that have both chemo- and mechanosensing function. The current study explores the repertoire of sensory receptors in Balanus improvisus cyprid antennules with the goal to better understand sensory systems involved in the settling behavior of this species. We carried out transcriptome sequencing of dissected B. improvisus cyprid antennules. The generated transcriptome assembly was used to search for sensory receptors using HMM models. Among potential chemosensory genes, we identified the ionotropic receptors IR25a, IR8a and IR93a, and several divergent IR candidates to be expressed in the cyprid antennules. We found one gustatory-like receptor but no odorant receptors, chemosensory or odorant-binding proteins. Apart from chemosensory receptors, we also identified 13 potential mechanosensory genes represented by several transient receptor potential channels (TRP) subfamilies. Furthermore, we analyzed changes in expression profiles of IRs and TRPs during the B. improvisus settling process. Several of the sensory genes were differentially expressed during the course of larval settlement. This study gives expanded knowledge about the sensory systems present in barnacles, a taxonomic group for which only limited information about receptors is currently available. It furthermore serves as a starting point for more in depth studies of how sensory signaling affects settling behavior in barnacles with implications for preventing biofouling.
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28
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Selim MS, El‐Safty SA, Azzam AM, Shenashen MA, El‐Sockary MA, Abo Elenien OM. Superhydrophobic Silicone/TiO
2
–SiO
2
Nanorod‐like Composites for Marine Fouling Release Coatings. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Selim
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)Research Center for Functional Materials, 1–2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0047 Japan
- Petroleum Application DepartmentEgyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) Nasr City 11727 Cairo (Egypt)
| | - Sherif A. El‐Safty
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)Research Center for Functional Materials, 1–2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0047 Japan
- Faculty of Engineering and Advanced ManufacturingUniversity of SunderlandSt Peter's Campus Sunderland SR6 0DD (UK
| | - Ahmed M. Azzam
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)Research Center for Functional Materials, 1–2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0047 Japan
- Environmental Researches DepartmentTheodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI) 12411 Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Shenashen
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)Research Center for Functional Materials, 1–2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0047 Japan
- Petroleum Application DepartmentEgyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) Nasr City 11727 Cairo (Egypt)
| | - Maher A. El‐Sockary
- Petroleum Application DepartmentEgyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) Nasr City 11727 Cairo (Egypt)
| | - Ossama M. Abo Elenien
- Petroleum Application DepartmentEgyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) Nasr City 11727 Cairo (Egypt)
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29
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Designing a Laboratory Bioassay for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antifouling Paints on Amphibalanus amphitrite Using a Flow-Through System. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of establishing a protocol for evaluating the efficacy of antifouling paints on different organisms, a flow-through laboratory test using triangular boxes was developed for cyprids of the barnacle Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite. Six different formulations of antifouling paints were prepared in increasing content (0 to 40 wt.%) of Cu2O, which is the most commonly used antifouling substance, and each formulation of paint was coated on one surface of each test plate. The test plates were aged for 45 days by rotating them at a speed of 10 knots inside a cylinder drum with continuously flowing seawater. The settlement behavior of 3-day-old cyprids released inside triangular boxes made from the test plates was observed. A decreasing number of juveniles settled on surfaces of test plates that were coated with paint containing more than 30 wt.% of Cu2O. Results of the laboratory bioassays were consistent with those from the field experiments.
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Su X, Hao D, Li Z, Guo X, Jiang L. Design of hierarchical comb hydrophilic polymer brush (HCHPB) surfaces inspired by fish mucus for anti-biofouling. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1322-1332. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rationally designing anti-biofouling surfaces using grafted hierarchical comb hydrophilic polymer brushes (HCHPBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University
- Dalian 116622
- China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
| | - Dezhao Hao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
- School of Future Technology
| | - Zhengning Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University
- Dalian 116622
- China
| | - Xinglin Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Lei Jiang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
- School of Future Technology
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Ghoussoub YE, Fares HM, Delgado JD, Keller LR, Schlenoff JB. Antifouling Ion-Exchange Resins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:41747-41756. [PMID: 30456944 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of organic ion-exchange resins are used worldwide for water decontamination and polishing. Fouling by microorganisms and decomposition products of natural organic matter severely limits the lifetime of these resins. Much research has thus been invested in polymer-based antifouling coatings. In the present study, poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and a co-polymer of PSS and a zwitterionic group were used to spontaneously coat commercial Dowex 1X8 anion-exchange resin. UV-visible spectroscopy provided a precise measure of the kinetics and amount of PSS sorbed onto or into resin beads. When challenged with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae, uncoated resin was rapidly fouled by algae. Coating the resin with either the homopolymer of PSS or the co-polymer with zwitterion eliminated fouling. Using narrow- and wide-molecular-weight distribution PSS, a cutoff molecular weight of about 240 repeat units was found, above which PSS was unable to diffuse into the resin. Thus, only one monolayer of added PSS was sufficient to confer a highly desirable antifouling property on this resin while consuming less than 0.1% of the exchanger capacity. Radioactive sulfate ions were used to probe the kinetics of (self)exchange, which were virtually unaffected by the PSS coating. This resin treatment is a fast, ultra-low-cost step for potentially enhancing the lifetime of ion exchangers.
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Lamont EI, Emlet RB. Permanently Fused Setules Create Unusual Folding Fans Used for Swimming in Cyprid Larvae of Barnacles. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2018; 235:185-194. [PMID: 30624117 DOI: 10.1086/700084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many crustacean swimming appendages carry arrays of plumose setae-exoskeletal, feather-like structures of long bristles (setae) with short branches (setules) distributed along two sides. Although closely spaced, setae are not physically interconnected. Setal arrays function during swimming as drag-based leaky paddles that push the organism through water. Barnacle cyprids, the final, non-feeding larval stage, swim with six pairs of legs (thoracopods) that open and close setal arrays in alternating high-drag power strokes and low-drag recovery strokes. While studying cyprid swimming, we found that their thoracopods contained setae permanently cross-linked by fused setules. These cuticular connections would seem highly unlikely because setae are individually produced exoskeletal secretions, and the connections imply unknown processes for the production or modification of crustacean setae. We describe the morphology and function of plumose setae on cyprids of Balanus glandula and other species across the clade Cirripedia. Setules from adjacent plumose setae are seamlessly joined at their tips and occur in three distinct linkage patterns. Thoracopods lack muscles to open and close the array; interconnected setae are instead pulled apart, producing a paddle-like fan with high drag when appendages spread laterally during power strokes. Setules are spring-like, passively closing setae into tight bundles with low drag during recovery strokes. The linked setules occur in the three main clades of the Cirripedia. This cuticular arrangement is effective in swimming, may eliminate the need for muscles to close the setal array, and may represent a unique swimming structure within the Crustacea.
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Piazza V, Gambardella C, Garaventa F, Massanisso P, Chiavarini S, Faimali M. A new approach to testing potential leaching toxicity of fouling release coatings (FRCs). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 141:305-312. [PMID: 30274719 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fouling release coatings (FRCs) are today the main environment-friendly alternative to traditional self-polishing coatings, that continuously release biocides and/or heavy metals into water. FRCs are available on the market as environmentally friendly AF paints and most of them do not contain bioactive agents, however no complete and reliable assessment of their environmental impact has yet been carried out. Only few literature data proving their AF efficacy combined with a demonstrated lack of toxicological effects are available. Ecotoxicological bioassays are commonly used to predict the potential environmental impact of traditional AF paints. Standardized methodologies to obtain leaching products from biocide-based paints are available, while few studies propose experimental methods to assess the potential effects of biocide-free FRCs leachates on non-target organisms. The aim of this work is to propose an experimental protocol to obtain leaching products from biocide-free FRCs in order to evaluate the potential release of substances having toxic effects, by means of an ecotoxicological bioassay. Two ecotoxicological end-points with different sensitivity levels were considered (multi-end-point approach). Five silicone-based commercial coatings were used: their leaching products were collected after different immersion times following the developed experimental method and then two ecotoxicological end-points were evaluated on II stage nauplii of the crustacean Amphibalanus amphitrite as model organism. Moreover, chemical analyses were performed on leachates collected after each immersion time, focusing on the presence of metals in leaching products. From the results obtained from the bioassay, even if not indicative of the real environmental impact of FRCs, a release of toxic substances was observed from tested coatings during early immersion stages, likely to affect the exposed model organism. The potential leaching toxicity of the five tested products was compared. No clear correspondence could be identified between the concentrations of metals detected in leachates and the obtained ecotoxicological data, thus suggesting that other active components might be released by FRCs responsible for the toxic effects pointed out on A. amphitrite larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Piazza
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), National Research Council (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gambardella
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), National Research Council (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), National Research Council (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Faimali
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), National Research Council (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
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34
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Lengerer B, Ladurner P. Properties of temporary adhesion systems of marine and freshwater organisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/16/jeb182717. [PMID: 30166319 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.182717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Underwater adhesive secretions are a promising source of inspiration for biomedical and industrial applications. Although marine permanent adhesives have been extensively investigated, reversible adhesion, e.g. as used for locomotion and feeding, is still poorly understood. Here, we summarise the current knowledge on secretion-based, temporary adhesive systems in aquatic environments, with a special emphasis on the morphology and structure of adhesive organs and adhesive material. Many animals employing temporary adhesion to the substratum rely on so-called duo-gland adhesive organs, consisting of two secretory gland cells and one supportive cell. We give a detailed depiction of a basic duo-gland adhesive organ and variations thereof. Additionally, we discuss temporary adhesive systems with an alternative building plan. Next, the topography of secreted adhesive footprints is described based on examples. The limited data on the composition of temporary adhesives are summarised, separating known protein components and carbohydrate residues. There are still large gaps in our understanding of temporary adhesion. We discuss three proposed models for detachment, although the actual mechanism of voluntary detachment is still a matter for debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Lengerer
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Peter Ladurner
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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35
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Kotsiri M, Protopapa M, Roumelioti GM, Economou-Amilli A, Efthimiadou EK, Dedos SG. Probing the settlement signals of Amphibalanus amphitrite. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:492-506. [PMID: 29792352 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1465566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To achieve their reproductive potential, barnacles combine tactile exploration of surface structural properties and integration of cellular signals originating from their antennular sensory setae within a developmentally defined, temporally narrow window of settlement opportunity. Behavioural assays with cyprids coupled with biometric analysis of scanning electron microscopy-acquired images in the presence of specific chemical compounds were used to investigate how settlement on a substratum is altered in response to the presence of these compounds. It is shown that impeding tactile exploration, altering cellular signalling and/or inducing malformations of anatomical features of the antennular sensory setae can disrupt the settlement behaviour of the model barnacle species Amphibalanus amphitrite. It is concluded that surface exploration by the cyprids relies on mechanical and nociception-related and calcium-mediated signals while a protein kinase C signalling cascade controls the timely metamorphosis of the cyprids to sessile juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mado Kotsiri
- a Department of Biology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Protopapa
- a Department of Biology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Athena Economou-Amilli
- a Department of Biology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Eleni K Efthimiadou
- b Department of Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Skarlatos G Dedos
- a Department of Biology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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36
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Xiao L, Finlay JA, Röhrig M, Mieszkin S, Worgull M, Hölscher H, Callow JA, Callow ME, Grunze M, Rosenhahn A. Topographic cues guide the attachment of diatom cells and algal zoospores. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:86-97. [PMID: 29283000 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1408801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface topography plays a key role in the colonization of substrata by the colonizing stages of marine fouling organisms. For the innovation of marine antifouling coatings, it is essential to understand how topographic cues affect the settlement of these organisms. In this study, tapered, spiked microstructures and discrete honeycombs of varying feature dimensions were designed and fabricated in order to examine the influence of topography on the attachment of zoospores of the green macroalga Ulva linza and cells of the diatom (microalga) Navicula incerta. Contrasting results were obtained with these two species of algae. Indeed, the preferred location of cells of N. incerta was dominated by attachment point theory, which suggested a positive correlation between the density of cells adhering and the amount of available attachment points, while the settlement of spores of U. linza was mainly regulated by both Wenzel roughness and local binding geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xiao
- a Applied Physical Chemistry , Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
- b Institute of Functional Interfaces , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - John A Finlay
- c School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Röhrig
- d Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Sophie Mieszkin
- c School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Worgull
- d Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Hendrik Hölscher
- d Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - James A Callow
- c School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - Maureen E Callow
- c School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Grunze
- a Applied Physical Chemistry , Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
- b Institute of Functional Interfaces , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- a Applied Physical Chemistry , Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
- b Institute of Functional Interfaces , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
- e Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces , Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
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Kotsiri M, Protopapa M, Mouratidis S, Zachariadis M, Vassilakos D, Kleidas I, Samiotaki M, Dedos SG. Should I stay or should I go? The settlement-inducing protein complex guides barnacle settlement decisions. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.185348. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.185348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction in barnacles relies on chemical cues that guide their gregarious settlement. These cues have been pinned down to several sources of settlement pheromones, one of which is a protein termed Settlement-Inducing Protein Complex (SIPC), a large glycoprotein acting as a pheromone to induce larval settlement and as an adhesive in the surface exploration by the cyprids. Settlement assays in laboratory conditions with Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite cyprids in the presence of SIPC showed that cyprids exhibit settlement preference behaviour at lower concentrations (EC50=3.73 nM) and settlement avoidance behaviour at higher concentrations of SIPC (EC50=101 nM). By using truncated fragments of SIPC in settlement assays, we identify that domains at the N-terminal of SIPC transduce settlement preference cues that mask the settlement avoidance cues transduced by domains at its C-terminal. Removing the N-terminal 600 amino acids from SIPC resulted in truncated fragments that transduced only settlement avoidance cues to the cyprids. From the sexual reproduction point of view, this bimodal response of barnacles to SIPC suggests that barnacles will settle gregariously when conspecific cues are sparse but will not settle if conspecific cues inform of overcrowding that will increase reproductive competition and diminish their reproductive chances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manto Kotsiri
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
| | - Maria Protopapa
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
| | - Sofoklis Mouratidis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
| | - Michael Zachariadis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Demetrios Vassilakos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kleidas
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center ‘Alexander Fleming’, Fleming 34, 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Skarlatos G. Dedos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
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Enhanced Cell Adhesion on a Nano-Embossed, Sticky Surface Prepared by the Printing of a DOPA-Bolaamphiphile Assembly Ink. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13797. [PMID: 29062140 PMCID: PMC5653752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by adhesive mussel proteins, nanospherical self-assemblies were prepared from bolaamphiphiles containing 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) moieties, and a suspension of the bolaamphiphile assemblies was used for the preparation of a patterned surface that enhanced cell adhesion and viability. The abundant surface-exposed catechol groups on the robust bolaamphiphile self-assemblies were responsible for their outstanding adhesivity to various surfaces and showed purely elastic mechanical behaviour in response to tensile stress. Compared to other polydopamine coatings, the spherical DOPA-bolaamphiphile assemblies were coated uniformly and densely on the surface, yielding a nano-embossed surface. Cell culture tests on the surface modified by DOPA-bolaamphiphiles also showed enhanced cellular adhesivity and increased viability compared to surfaces decorated with other catecholic compounds. Furthermore, the guided growth of a cell line was demonstrated on the patterned surface, which was prepared by inkjet printing using a suspension of the self-assembled particles as an ink. The self-assembly of DOPA-bolaamphiphiles shows that they are a promising adhesive, biocompatible material with the potential to modify various substances.
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Chan BKK, Sari A, Høeg JT. Cirripede Cypris Antennules: How Much Structural Variation Exists Among Balanomorphan Species from Hard-Bottom Habitats? THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2017; 233:135-143. [PMID: 29373061 DOI: 10.1086/695689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Barnacle cypris antennules are important for substratum attachment during settlement and on through metamorphosis from the larval stage to sessile adult. Studies on the morphology of cirripede cyprids are mostly qualitative, based on descriptions from images obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). To our knowledge, our study is the first to use scanning electron microscopy to quantify overall structural diversity in cypris antennules by measuring 26 morphological parameters, including the structure of sensory organs. We analyzed cyprids from seven species of balanomorphan barnacles inhabiting rocky shore communities; for comparison, we also included a sponge-inhabiting balanomorphan and a verrucomorphan species. Multivariate analysis of the structural parameters resulted in two distinct clusters of species. From nonmetric multidimensional scaling plots, the sponge-inhabiting Balanus spongicola and Verruca stroemia formed one cluster, while the other balanomorphan species, all from hard bottoms, grouped together in the other cluster. The shape of the attachment disk on segment 3 is the key parameter responsible for the separation into two clusters. The present results show that species from a coastal hard-bottom habitat may share a nearly identical antennular structure that is distinct from barnacles from other habitats, and this finding supports the fact that such species also have rather similar reactions to substratum cues during settlement. Any differences that may be found in settlement biology among such species must therefore be due either to differences in the properties of their adhesive mechanisms or to the way that sensory stimuli are detected by virtually identical setae and processed into settlement behavior by the cyprid.
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Key Words
- AD, attachment disk
- ANOSIM, analysis of similarity
- RDS, radial disk setae
- RDS-5, radial disk seta 5
- SIMPER, similarity percentage
- TS-A+B, terminal setae A and B
- TS-D, terminal seta D
- as2, second antennular segment
- as3, third antennular segment
- nMDS, nonmetric multidimensional scaling
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40
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The Dispersion Tolerance of Micro/Nano Particle in Polydimethylsiloxane and Its Influence on the Properties of Fouling Release Coatings Based on Polydimethylsiloxane. COATINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings7070107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Particles can be used to improve the mechanical properties of fouling release coatings based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In this study, coatings were prepared by high speed stirring using seven types of particles, with different particle size from nanometer to micrometer. The influence of specific surface area of the particles on the dispersion tolerance was investigated. The results showed that the dispersion tolerance of particles in PDMS decreased with the increase in specific surface area of the particle, and for nano particles, the factor most affecting the dispersion tolerance was the specific surface area of agglomerate particle. Subsequently, the surface properties, mechanical properties, and biofilm adhesion assay of coatings were investigated. Results indicated that surface roughness increased with the increase of dispersion tolerance. Surface roughness of samples improved the hydrophobicity of samples, yet the polar chemical group of nano silica and fumed silica reduced the hydrophobicity of samples. Further, particles could enhance the mechanical properties of coating, especially nano particles. Compared to the coating without particle, biofilm adhesion performance of coating with particles decreased, which was determined by the increase of the elastic modulus and surface roughness of coatings.
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Tsang LM, Shen X, Cheang CC, Chu KH, Chan BKK. Gene rearrangement and sequence analysis of mitogenomes suggest polyphyly of Archaeobalanid and Balanid barnacles (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha). ZOOL SCR 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ming Tsang
- Institute of Marine Biology; National Taiwan Ocean University; Keelung 20224 Taiwan
| | - Xin Shen
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory; School of Life Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin NT Hong Kong China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/College of Marine Science; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Chi Chiu Cheang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies; The Education University of Hong Kong; Taipo Hong Kong China
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory; School of Life Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin NT Hong Kong China
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Alsaab A, Aldred N, Clare AS. Automated tracking and classification of the settlement behaviour of barnacle cyprids. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:rsif.2016.0957. [PMID: 28356538 PMCID: PMC5378130 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A focus on the development of nontoxic coatings to control marine biofouling has led to increasing interest in the settlement behaviour of fouling organisms. Barnacles pose a significant fouling challenge and accordingly the behaviour of their settlement-stage cypris larva (cyprid) has attracted much attention, yet remains poorly understood. Tracking technologies have been developed that quantify cyprid movement, but none have successfully automated data acquisition over the prolonged periods necessary to capture and identify the full repertoire of behaviours, from alighting on a surface to permanent attachment. Here we outline a new tracking system and a novel classification system for identifying and quantifying the exploratory behaviour of cyprids. The combined system enables, for the first time, tracking of multiple larvae, simultaneously, over long periods (hours), followed by automatic classification of typical cyprid behaviours into swimming, wide search, close search and inspection events. The system has been evaluated by comparing settlement behaviour in the light and dark (infrared illumination) and tracking one of a group of 25 cyprids from the water column to settlement over the course of 5 h. Having removed a significant technical barrier to progress in the field, it is anticipated that the system will accelerate our understanding of the process of surface selection and settlement by barnacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alsaab
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Nick Aldred
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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Yap FC, Wong WL, Maule AG, Brennan GP, Chong VC, Lim LHS. First evidence for temporary and permanent adhesive systems in the stalked barnacle cyprid, Octolasmis angulata. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44980. [PMID: 28327603 PMCID: PMC5361150 DOI: 10.1038/srep44980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there have been extensive studies on the larval adhesion of acorn barnacles over the past few decades, little is known about stalked barnacles. For the first time, we describe the larval adhesive systems in the stalked barnacle, Octolasmis angulata and the findings differ from previous reports of the temporary (antennulary) and cement glands in thoracican barnacles. We have found that the temporary adhesives of cyprid are produced by the clustered temporary adhesive glands located within the mantle, instead of the specialised hypodermal glands in the second antennular segment as reported in the acorn barnacles. The temporary adhesive secretory vesicles (TASV) are released from the gland cells into the antennule via the neck extensions of the glands, and surrounded with microtubules in the attachment disc. Cement glands undergo a morphological transition as the cyprid grows. Synthesis of the permanent adhesives only occurs during the early cyprid stage, and is terminated once the cement glands reach maximum size. Evidence of the epithelial invaginations on the cement glands supports the involvement of exocytosis in the secretion of the permanent adhesives. This study provides new insight into the larval adhesives system of thoracican barnacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fook Choy Yap
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wey-Lim Wong
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Aaron G. Maule
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Gerard P. Brennan
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ving Ching Chong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Hong Susan Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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PDMS-based films containing surface-active amphiphilic block copolymers to combat fouling from barnacles B. amphitrite and B. improvisus. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Xu G, Pranantyo D, Xu L, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Teo SLM. Antifouling, Antimicrobial, and Antibiocorrosion Multilayer Coatings Assembled by Layer-by-layer Deposition Involving Host–Guest Interaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - Dicky Pranantyo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - Liqun Xu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - Koon-Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119223
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Al-Yahya H, Chen HN, Chan BKK, Kado R, Høeg JT. Morphology of Cyprid Attachment Organs Compared Across Disparate Barnacle Taxa: Does It Relate to Habitat? THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2016; 231:120-129. [PMID: 27820904 DOI: 10.1086/690092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study used morphometric analyses to compare the structure of the third antennular segment, also called the attachment organ, in cyprid larvae from cirripede species representing a diverse set of taxonomic groups. The aim was to investigate the degree of morphological variation in view of the diversity of habitats, settlement substrata, and modes of life found in the Cirripedia. In all cyprids the third segment features a flat surface (the attachment disc) covered with small cuticular villi thought to function in adhesion. The parameters analyzed were the angle of this disc relative to the long axis of the antennule, its shape (outline), the density of cuticular villi, and the type of cuticular structure encircling the disc. The 10 species studied came from most major groups of cirripedes, and comprised shallow-water forms inhabiting hard bottoms (Capitulum mitella, Pollicipes pollicipes, Semibalanus balanoides, Austrominius modestus, Megabalanus rosa), sublittoral forms (Verruca stroemia, Scalpellum scalpellum), epibiotic forms settling on live, soft tissues (Balanus spongicola, Savignium crenatum), and a parasite (Peltogaster paguri). Significant structural variation was found among the species, but due to limited taxon sampling it was unclear whether the differences relate to ecological factors or phylogenetic affiliation. The disc perimeter is guarded by either a series of long and thin cuticular fringes overreaching the rim of the disc (= a velum) or a few low, but very broad cuticular flaps (= a skirt). The presence of a velum (in all rocky-shore species) or a skirt (all other species) around the attachment disc was the only parameter that was clearly correlated with habitat. The shape of the third antennular segment varied from a symmetrical bell shape with a distally facing attachment disc having a circular disc outline, to segments that were elongated in side view, with a very tilted ventral disc surface having an elliptical disc outline. The bell shape may be most common in forms from rocky shores, but in our test of morphometric parameters only Scalpellum scalpellum (sublittoral), Savignium crenatum (epibiotic in corals), and Peltogaster paguri (parasitic) had shapes that differed significantly from the other species. The density of villi on the attachment disc varied significantly, but also showed no clear-cut correlation with substratum or habitat. Attachment organ structure is clearly the most variable feature in cirripede cyprids. To evaluate the degree to which attachment organ structure is correlated with habitat, settlement substratum, and mode of life, future studies should employ a more refined statistical analysis on an enlarged dataset, with much increased taxon sampling and a more multifaceted definition of ecological variables.
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Martinelli E, Gunes D, Wenning BM, Ober CK, Finlay JA, Callow ME, Callow JA, Di Fino A, Clare AS, Galli G. Effects of surface-active block copolymers with oxyethylene and fluoroalkyl side chains on the antifouling performance of silicone-based films. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:81-93. [PMID: 26769148 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1131822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers made from a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (Si) and a poly(meth)acrylate carrying oxyethylene (EG) or fluoroalkyl (AF) side chains were synthesized and incorporated as surface-active components into a silicone matrix to produce cross-linked films with different surface hydrophilicity/phobicity. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) studies showed that film surfaces containing Si-EG were largely populated by the siloxane, with the oxyethylene chains present only to a minor extent. In contrast, the fluorinated block was selectively segregated to the polymer-air interface in films containing Si-AF as probed by NEXAFS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Such differences in surface composition were reflected in the biological performance of the coatings. While the films with Si-EG showed a higher removal of both Ulva linza sporelings and Balanus amphitrite juveniles than the silicone control, those with Si-AF exhibited excellent antifouling properties, preventing the settlement of cyprids of B. amphitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martinelli
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and UdR Pisa INSTM , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Deniz Gunes
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and UdR Pisa INSTM , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Brandon M Wenning
- b Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca, New York , USA
| | - Christopher K Ober
- b Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca, New York , USA
| | - John A Finlay
- c School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Maureen E Callow
- c School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - James A Callow
- c School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Alessio Di Fino
- d School of Marine Science and Technology , Newcastle University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK
| | - Anthony S Clare
- d School of Marine Science and Technology , Newcastle University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK
| | - Giancarlo Galli
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and UdR Pisa INSTM , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Essock-Burns T, Gohad NV, Orihuela B, Mount AS, Spillmann CM, Wahl KJ, Rittschof D. Barnacle biology before, during and after settlement and metamorphosis: a study of the interface. J Exp Biol 2016; 220:194-207. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.145094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mobile barnacle cypris larvae settle and metamorphose, transitioning to sessile juveniles with morphology and growth similar to adults. Because biofilms exist on immersed surfaces on which they attach, barnacles must interact with bacteria during initial attachment and subsequent growth. The objective of this study was to characterize the developing interface of the barnacle and substratum during this key developmental transition to inform potential mechanisms that promote attachment. The interface was characterized using confocal microscopy and fluorescent dyes to identify morphological and chemical changes in the interface and the status of bacteria present as a function of barnacle developmental stage. Staining revealed patchy material containing proteins and nucleic acids, reactive oxygen species amidst developing cuticle, and changes in bacteria viability at the developing interface. We found that as barnacles metamorphose from the cyprid to juvenile stage, proteinaceous materials with the appearance of coagulated liquid were released into and remained at the interface. The patchy material was associated with cuticle expansion and separation during later stages of metamorphosis, and spanned the entire vertical interface in the gap between the juvenile base and the substratum. It stained positive for proteins, including phosphoprotein, as well as nucleic acids. Regions of the developing cuticle and the patchy material itself stained for reactive oxygen species. Bacteria were absent until the cyprid was firmly attached, but populations died as barnacle development progressed. The oxidative environment may contribute to the cytotoxicity observed for bacteria and has potential for oxidative crosslinking of cuticle and proteinaceous materials at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Essock-Burns
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii, 41 Ahui St Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Neeraj V. Gohad
- Okeanos Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Beatriz Orihuela
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Marine Science and Conservation, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA
| | - Andrew S. Mount
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Marine Science and Conservation, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA
| | - Christopher M. Spillmann
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Wahl
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Daniel Rittschof
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Marine Science and Conservation, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA
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In vivo and in situ synchrotron radiation-based μ-XRF reveals elemental distributions during the early attachment phase of barnacle larvae and juvenile barnacles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:1487-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Maleschlijski S, Bauer S, Aldred N, Clare AS, Rosenhahn A. Classification of the pre-settlement behaviour of barnacle cyprids. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:20141104. [PMID: 25551141 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Barnacle cyprids exhibit a complex swimming and exploratory behaviour on surfaces and settlement is a consequence of extensive surface probing and selection of suitable settlement sites. In this work, the behaviour of cyprids in their pre-settlement phase was studied by three-dimensional video stereoscopy. With this technique, three-dimensional trajectories were obtained that were quantitatively analysed. The velocity during vertical sinking of cyprids of Balanus amphitrite was used with a modified form of Stokes' law to calculate their mean body density. Furthermore, a classification of the swimming patterns allowed the extension of existing models describing cyprid locomotion and swimming behaviour. The patterns were characterized with respect to their occurrence, transition between patterns and their velocity distribution, and motions were identified that led to surface contacts. This analysis provides a classification framework, which can assist future attempts to identify behavioural responses of cyprids to specific settlement cues.
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