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Purvis K, Curnew KH, Trevors AL, Hunter AT, Wilson ER, Wyeth RC. Single Ultraviolet-C light treatment of early stage marine biofouling delays subsequent community development. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:536-546. [PMID: 35801369 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2095906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Past studies of Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation as a marine antifoulant have focused on repeated doses. However, single or very low frequency exposures of UV-C could create more plausible applications for certain marine structures. The objective of the study reported here was to apply a single treatment of UV-C radiation to an early stage marine biofouling community to observe subsequent effects on biofouling development. Biofouling formed over a 2-week field immersion received UV-C treatments of 0 (control), 4, 20, or 120 min, and subsequent progression was then monitored weekly for 16 weeks. Analysis of acute effects and later macrofouling development suggested direct toxicity of UV-C illumination to invertebrate recruits caused reduction of subsequent biofouling (compared to controls) that persisted for up to 16 weeks following the longest UV-C treatment. Thus, UV-C treatments spaced by days or even weeks could be an option for some applications of UV-C radiation as an antifoulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Purvis
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kylie H Curnew
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alexis L Trevors
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Allanique T Hunter
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emmerson R Wilson
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Russell C Wyeth
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
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The Application of UVC Used in Synergy with Surface Material to Prevent Marine Biofouling. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biofouling is problematic for the shipping industry and can lead to functional and financial setbacks. One possible means of biofouling prevention is the use of ultraviolet-C (UVC) light. Previous studies have investigated UVC with marine coatings, but the synergistic effect with color and surface material, specifically reflectance, has yet to be determined. This study comprised three parts: UVC and color (red vs. white), UVC and reflectance (stainless steel vs. polycarbonate), and UVC and exposure intervals (weekly intervals and 10 min intervals). There was no variance in the biofouling communities for colored surfaces when exposed to 254 nm UVC. Reflectance studies demonstrated that the surface material plays a role in biofouling settlement. Stainless steel panels had significantly greater macrofouling settlement than polycarbonate, specifically among encrusting bryozoan, tubeworms, and tunicate communities. Panels of both surface materials exposed to indirect UVC significantly differed from controls and those exposed directly to UVC. Exposure intervals were also found to reduce biofouling settlement especially with long frequent intervals (i.e., 10 min/day). UVC can be utilized on various colored surfaces and different surface types, but the effectiveness in preventing biofouling is ultimately determined by the duration and frequency of UVC exposure.
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Lim CS, Tay TS, Tan KS, Teo SLM. Removal of larvae of two marine invasive bivalves, Mytilopsis sallei (Récluz, 1849) and Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843), by water treatment processes. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 155:111154. [PMID: 32469774 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The uptake and discharge of bivalve larvae through ballast water operations is a highly viable mechanism for transfer of shellfish. In this paper, we investigate the effects of common water treatment processes on the planktotrophic larvae of the two invasive species of shellfish, Mytilopsis sallei and Mytella strigata. The study found that common water treatment processes used in many ballast water treatment systems were effective for the removal of bivalve larvae, although later stages of larval forms required more effort to remove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Sing Lim
- St John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 119227, Singapore.
| | - Teresa Stephanie Tay
- St John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 119227, Singapore
| | - Koh Siang Tan
- St John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 119227, Singapore
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- St John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 119227, Singapore
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MacKenzie AF, Maltby EA, Harper N, Bueley C, Olender D, Wyeth RC. Periodic ultraviolet-C illumination for marine sensor antifouling. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:483-493. [PMID: 31177838 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1616698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet light has intriguing potential as a marine antifoulant, targeting almost any species and applicable to almost any surface, while not accumulating in the environment. This study field-tested the effects of periodic ultraviolet-C illumination on marine macrofouling. Across four experiments, several UV illumination duty cycles were tested against controls with no illumination. Duty cycles between 1:2 (time with UV:total time per cycle) and 1:20 were all similarly effective, inhibiting almost all macrofouling at three different temperate Northeast Pacific and Northwest Atlantic sites. Susceptible taxa included barnacles, bryozoans, tunicates (colonial and solitary), and, to a slightly lesser extent, mussels. Duty cycles of 1:30 and 1:60 reduced but did not eliminate biofouling. Measurements of ultraviolet illumination on oceanographic sensors showed similar results. The results suggest further investigation of ultraviolet light as an antifoulant for marine sensors, including susceptibility of other taxa, optimizing illumination patterns, and exploring the potential for evolved resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia F MacKenzie
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University , Antigonish , Nova Scotia , Canada
- Centre for Biofouling Research, St. Francis Xavier University , Antigonish , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Ella A Maltby
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University , Antigonish , Nova Scotia , Canada
- Centre for Biofouling Research, St. Francis Xavier University , Antigonish , Nova Scotia , Canada
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre , Bamfield , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Nick Harper
- AML Oceanographic , Sidney , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Chris Bueley
- AML Oceanographic , Sidney , British Columbia , Canada
| | | | - Russell C Wyeth
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University , Antigonish , Nova Scotia , Canada
- Centre for Biofouling Research, St. Francis Xavier University , Antigonish , Nova Scotia , Canada
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre , Bamfield , British Columbia , Canada
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