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Endo R, Hotta S, Wakinaka T, Mogi Y, Watanabe J. Identification of an operon and its regulator required for autoaggregation in Tetragenococcus halophilus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0145823. [PMID: 38014957 PMCID: PMC10734465 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01458-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Tetragenococcus halophilus is a halophilic lactic acid bacterium generally used as a starter culture in fermenting soy and fish sauces. Aggregating strains can be useful in fermenting and obtaining clear soy sauce because cell clumps are trapped by the filter cake when the soy sauce mash is pressed. However, the genetic mechanisms of aggregation in T. halophilus are unknown. In this study, we identified genes encoding aggregation factor and its regulator. These findings may provide a foundation for developing improved T. halophilus starter cultures for soy sauce fermentation, leading to more efficient and consistent clear soy sauce production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Endo
- Graduate School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shiori Hotta
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinobu Mogi
- Manufacturing Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Graduate School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
- Manufacturing Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi, Japan
- Institute of Fermentation Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
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Khalifa A, Ibrahim HIM, Sheikh A, Khalil HE. Attenuation of Immunogenicity in MOG-Induced Oligodendrocytes by the Probiotic Bacterium Lactococcus Sp. PO3. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1731. [PMID: 37893449 PMCID: PMC10608413 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Milk is healthy and includes several vital nutrients and microbiomes. Probiotics in milk and their derivatives modulate the immune system, fight inflammation, and protect against numerous diseases. The present study aimed to isolate novel bacterial species with probiotic potential for neuroinflammation. Materials and Methods: Six milk samples were collected from lactating dairy cows. Bacterial isolates were obtained using standard methods and were evaluated based on probiotic characteristics such as the catalase test, hemolysis, acid/bile tolerance, cell adhesion, and hydrophobicity, as well as in vitro screening. Results: Nine morphologically diverse bacterial isolates were found in six different types of cow's milk. Among the isolates, PO3 displayed probiotic characteristics. PO3 was a Gram-positive rod cell that grew in an acidic (pH-2) salty medium containing bile salt and salinity (8% NaCl). PO3 also exhibited substantial hydrophobicity and cell adhesion. The sequencing comparison of the 16S rRNA genes revealed that PO3 was Lactococcus raffinolactis with a similarity score of 99.3%. Furthermore, PO3 was assessed for its neuroanti-inflammatory activity on human oligodendrocyte (HOG) cell lines using four different neuroimmune markers: signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT-3), myelin basic protein (MBP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and GLAC in HOG cell lines induced by MOG. Unlike the rest of the evaluated neuroimmune markers, STAT-3 levels were elevated in the MOG-treated HOG cell lines compared to the untreated ones. The expression level of STAT-3 was attenuated in both PO3-MOG-treated and only PO3-treated cell lines. On the contrary, in PO3-treated cell lines, MBP, GFAP, and GLAC were significantly expressed at higher levels when compared with the MOG-treated cell lines. Conclusions: The findings reported in this article are to be used as a foundation for further in vivo research in order to pave the way for the possible use of probiotics in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Khalifa
- Biological Science Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Hairul-Islam Mohamed Ibrahim
- Biological Science Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Biology Division, Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences and Educational Trust, Pondicherry 605004, India
| | - Abdullah Sheikh
- Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Ezzat Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Loskutov SI, Proshin SN, Ryabukhin DS. Evolutionary aspects of gastrointestinal tract microbiome-host interaction underlying gastrointestinal barrier integrity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-eao-1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the host sustenance and homeostasis, the microbiome is a key component in the functional system. Throughout ontogenetic development, microbiome including that of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the vital factor that ensures not only host functioning, but also its interaction with environment. To uncover the mechanisms underlying GIT microbiome showing a decisive influence on host organism, a systematic approach is needed, because diverse microorganisms are predominantly localized in different parts of the GIT. Recently, a new interdisciplinary direction of science, nanobioinformatics that has been extensively developed considers gene networks as the major object of study representing a coordinated group of genes that functionally account for formation and phenotypic disclosure of various host traits. Here, an important place should be provided to the genetically determined level of the gastrointestinal tract microbiome, its interaction at the level of the host food systems. There have been increasing evidence indicating that the microbiome is directly involved in the pathogenesis of host diseases showing a multi-layered interaction with host metabolic and immune systems. At the same time, the microbial community is unevenly distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and its different portions are variously active while interacting with the host immune system. The architecture of interaction between the microbiome and host cells is extremely complex, and the interaction of individual cells, at the same time, varies greatly. Bacteria colonizing the crypts of the small intestine regulate enterocyte proliferation by affecting DNA replication and gene expression, while bacteria at the tip of the intestinal villi mediate gene expression responsible for metabolism and immune response. Enterocytes and Paneth cells, in turn, regulate the vital activity of the community of microorganisms through the production of polysaccharides (carbohydrates) and antibacterial factors on their surface. Thus, the integrity of the gastrointestinal barrier (GIB) is maintained, which protects the body from infections and inflammation, while violation of its integrity leads to a number of diseases. It has been shown that depending on the dominance of certain types of bacteria the microbiome can maintain or disrupt GIB integrity. The structural and functional GIB integrity is important for body homeostasis. To date, at least 50 proteins have been characterized as being involved in the structural and functional integrability of tight junctions between gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells. The current review comprehensively discusses such issues and presents original research carried out at various facilities of translational biomedicine.
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Nwoko ESQA, Okeke IN. Bacteria autoaggregation: how and why bacteria stick together. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1147-1157. [PMID: 34110370 PMCID: PMC8286834 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autoaggregation, adherence between identical bacterial cells, is important for colonization, kin and kind recognition, and survival of bacteria. It is directly mediated by specific interactions between proteins or organelles on the surfaces of interacting cells or indirectly by the presence of secreted macromolecules such as eDNA and exopolysaccharides. Some autoaggregation effectors are self-associating and present interesting paradigms for protein interaction. Autoaggregation can be beneficial or deleterious at specific times and niches. It is, therefore, typically regulated through transcriptional or post-transcriptional mechanisms or epigenetically by phase variation. Autoaggregation can contribute to bacterial adherence, biofilm formation or other higher-level functions. However, autoaggregation is only required for these phenotypes in some bacteria. Thus, autoaggregation should be detected, studied and measured independently using both qualitative and quantitative in vitro and ex vivo methods. If better understood, autoaggregation holds the potential for the discovery of new therapeutic targets that could be cost-effectively exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-shama Q. A. Nwoko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Iruka N. Okeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Xie H, Zhao W, Ali DC, Zhang X, Wang Z. Interfacial biocatalysis in bacteria-stabilized Pickering emulsions for microbial transformation of hydrophobic chemicals. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02243h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Pickering emulsion interface is an exceptional habitat for bacteria to grow by simultaneously utilizing hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Daniel Chikere Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Terzić-Vidojević A, Veljović K, Tolinački M, Živković M, Lukić J, Lozo J, Fira Đ, Jovčić B, Strahinić I, Begović J, Popović N, Miljković M, Kojić M, Topisirović L, Golić N. Diversity of non-starter lactic acid bacteria in autochthonous dairy products from Western Balkan Countries - Technological and probiotic properties. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109494. [PMID: 32846575 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to summarize the data regarding diversity of non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) isolated from various artisanal dairy products manufactured in Western Balkan Countries. The dairy products examined were manufactured from raw cow's, sheep's or goat's milk or mixed milk, in the traditional way without the addition of commercial starter cultures. Dairy products such as white brined cheese, fresh cheese, hard cheese, yogurt, sour cream and kajmak were sampled in the households of Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and North Macedonia. It has been established that the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from raw milk artisanal dairy products is extensive. In the reviewed literature, 28 LAB species and a large number of strains belonging to the Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc and Weissella genera were isolated from various dairy products. Over 3000 LAB strains were obtained and characterized for their technological and probiotic properties including: acidification and coagulation of milk, production of aromatic compounds, proteolytic activity, bacteriocins production and competitive exclusion of pathogens, production of exopolysaccharides, aggregation ability and immunomodulatory effect. Results show that many of the isolated NSLAB strains had one, two or more of the properties mentioned. The data presented emphasize the importance of artisanal products as a valuable source of NSLAB with unique technological and probiotic features important both as a base for scientific research as well as for designing novel starter cultures for functional dairy food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarela Terzić-Vidojević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Veljović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Maja Tolinački
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Milica Živković
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Jovanka Lukić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Jelena Lozo
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đorđe Fira
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Jovčić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Strahinić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Jelena Begović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Nikola Popović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Marija Miljković
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Milan Kojić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Topisirović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Nataša Golić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
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Shirakawa D, Wakinaka T, Watanabe J. Identification of the putative N-acetylglucosaminidase CseA associated with daughter cell separation in Tetragenococcus halophilus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1724-1735. [PMID: 32448081 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1764329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lactic acid bacterium Tetragenococcus halophilus, which is used as a starter to brew soy sauce, comprises both cluster-forming strains and dispersed strains. The cluster-forming strains are industrially useful for obtaining clear soy sauce, because the cell clusters are trapped by filter cloth when the soy sauce mash is pressed. However, the molecular mechanism underlying cell cluster formation is unknown. Whole genome sequence analysis and subsequent target sequence analysis revealed that the cluster-forming strains commonly have functional defects in N-acetylglucosaminidase CseA, a peptidoglycan hydrolase. CseA is a multimodular protein that harbors a GH73 domain and six peptidoglycan-binding LysM domains. Recombinant CseA hydrolyzed peptidoglycan and promoted cell separation. Functional analysis of truncated CseA derivatives revealed that the LysM domains play an important role in efficient peptidoglycan degradation and cell separation. Taken together, the results of this study identify CseA as a factor that greatly affects the cluster formation in T. halophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Watanabe
- Manufacturing Division, Yamasa Corporation , Chiba, Japan
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Binding activity to intestinal cells and transient colonization in mice of two Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei strains with high aggregation potential. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:85. [PMID: 31134456 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface properties like hydrophobicity, aggregation ability, adhesion to mucosal surfaces and epithelial cells and transit time are key features for the characterization of probiotic strains. In this study, we used two Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei strains (BGNJ1-64 and BGSJ2-8) strains which were previously described with very strong aggregation capacity. The aggregation promoting factor (AggLb) expressed in these strains showed high level of binding to collagen and fibronectin, components of extracellular matrix. The working hypothesis was that strains able to aggregate have an advantage to resist in intestinal tract. So, we assessed whether these strains and their derivatives (without aggLb gene) are able to bind or not to intestinal components and we compared the transit time of each strains in mice. In that purpose parental strains (BGNJ1-64 and BGSJ2-8) and their aggregation negative derivatives (BGNJ1-641 and BGSJ2-83) were marked with double antibiotic resistance in order to be tracked in in vivo experiments in mice. Comparative analysis of binding ability of WT and aggregation negative strains to different human intestinal cell lines and mucin revealed no significant difference among them, excluding involvement of AggLb in interaction with surface of intestinal cells and mucin. In vivo experiments showed that surviving and transit time of marked strains in mice did not drastically depend on the presence of the AggLb aggregation factor.
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