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Kunrath MF, Giraldo-Osorno PM, Mendes K, Gomes ATPC, Rosa N, Barros M, Dahlin C. Unveiling the consequences of early human saliva contamination on membranes for guided bone regeneration. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38644743 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS GBR membranes have various surface properties designed to elicit positive responses in regenerative clinical procedures; dental clinicians attempt to employ techniques to prevent the direct interaction of contaminated oral fluids with these biomaterials. However, saliva is uninterruptedly exhibited in oral surgical procedures applying GBR membranes, suggesting a persistent interaction with biomaterials and the surrounding oral tissues. This fundamental study aimed to investigate potential alterations in the physical, chemical, and key biological properties of membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) caused by isolated early interaction with human saliva. METHODS A reproducible step-by-step protocol for collecting and interacting human saliva with membranes was developed. Subsequently, membranes were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, protein quantification, DNA, and 16S rRNA levels viability of two different cell lines at 1 and 7 days, and ALP activity. Non-interacted membranes and pure saliva of donors were applied as controls. RESULTS Qualitative morphological alterations were noticed; DNA extraction and 16S quantification revealed significantly higher values. Furthermore, the viability of HGF-1 and MC3T3-E1 cells was significantly (p < .05) reduced following saliva interaction with biodegradable membranes. Saliva contamination did not prejudice PTFE membranes significantly in any biological assay. CONCLUSIONS These outcomes demonstrated a susceptible response of biodegradable membranes to isolated early human saliva interaction, suggesting impairment of structural morphology, reduced viability to HGF-1 and MC3T3-E1, and higher absorption/adherence of DNA/16S rRNA. As a result, clinical oral procedures may need corresponding refinements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F Kunrath
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, Portugal
- Dentistry Department, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Milena Giraldo-Osorno
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karina Mendes
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Nuno Rosa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Marlene Barros
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Christer Dahlin
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Riivari S, Areid N, Närvä E, Willberg J, Närhi T. Saliva exposure reduces gingival keratinocyte growth on TiO 2-coated titanium. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:25. [PMID: 38635066 PMCID: PMC11026266 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive, nanoporous TiO2-coating has been shown to enhance cell attachment on titanium implant surface. The aim of this study was to evaluate, whether the saliva proteins affect the epithelial cell adhesion on TiO2-coated and non-coated titanium. Grade V titanium discs were polished. Half of the discs were provided with TiO2-coating produced in sol with polycondensation method. Half of the TiO2-coated and non-coated discs were treated with pasteurized saliva for 30 min. After saliva treatment, the total protein amounts on surfaces were measured. Next, the hydrophilicity of discs were measured with water contact angle measurements. Further, the gingival keratinocyte adhesion strength was measured after 2 and 6 h of cultivation using serial trypsinization. In addition, cell growth and proliferation were measured after 1, 3, and 7 days of cell culture. Finally, cell morphology, spreading and adhesion protein signals were detected with high resolution confocal microscopy. As a result, in sol coated TiO2-surface had significantly higher hydrophilicity when compared to non-coated titanium, meanwhile both non-coated and TiO2-coated surfaces with saliva treatment had a significant increase in hydrophilicity. Importantly, the amounts of adhered saliva proteins were equal between TiO2-coated and non-coated surfaces. Adhesion strength against enzymatic detachment was weakest on non-coated titanium after saliva exposure. Cell proliferation and cell spreading were highest on TiO2-coated titanium, but saliva exposure significantly decreased cell proliferation and spreading on TiO2-coated surface. To conclude, even though saliva exposure makes titanium surfaces more hydrophilic, it seems to neutralize the bioactive TiO2-coating and decrease cell attachment to TiO2-coated surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Riivari
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Nagat Areid
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Elisa Närvä
- Institute of Biomedicine and Cancer Research Laboratory FICAN West, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Willberg
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of South-West Finland and University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
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Kunrath MF, Rubensam G, Rodrigues FVF, Marinowic DR, Sesterheim P, de Oliveira SD, Teixeira ER, Hubler R. Nano-scaled surfaces and sustainable-antibiotic-release from polymeric coating for application on intra-osseous implants and trans-mucosal abutments. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 228:113417. [PMID: 37356139 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional surfaces may display the potential to accelerate and promote the healing process around dental implants. However, the initial cellular biocompatibility, molecular activity, and the release of functionalized molecules from these novel surfaces require extensive investigation for clinical use. Aiming to develop and compare innovative surfaces for application in dental implants, the present study utilized titanium disks, which were treated and divided into four groups: machined (Macro); acid-etched (Micro); anodized-hydrophilic surface (TNTs); and anodized surface coated with a rifampicin-loaded polymeric layer (poly(lactide-co-glycolide), PLGA) (TNTsRIMP). The samples were characterized regarding their physicochemical properties and the cumulative release of rifampicin (RIMP), investigated at different pH values. Additionally, differentiated osteoblasts from mesenchymal cells were used for cell viability and qRT-PCR analysis. Antibacterial properties of each surface treatment were investigated against Staphylococcus epidermidis. TNTsRIMP demonstrated controlled drug release for up to 7 days in neutral pH environments. Osteogenic cell cultures indicated that all the evaluated surfaces showed biocompatibility. The TNTs group revealed up-regulated values for bone-related gene quantification in 7 days, followed by the TNTsRIMP group. Furthermore, the antibiotic-functionalized surface revealed effectiveness to inhibit S. epidermidis and stimulate promising conditions for osteogenic cell behavior. Characteristics such as nanomorphology and hydrophilicity were determinants for the up-regulated quantification of osteogenic biomarkers related to early bone maturation, encouraging application in intra-osseous implant surfaces; in addition, antibiotic-functionalized surfaces demonstrated significant higher antibacterial properties compared to the other groups. Our findings suggest that polymeric-antibiotic-loaded coating might be applied for the prevention of early infections, favoring its application in multifunctional surfaces for intra- and/or trans-mucosal components of dental implants, while, hydrophilic nanotextured surfaces promoted optimistic properties to stimulate early bone-related cell responses, favoring its application in bone-anchored surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F Kunrath
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; School of Health and Life Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Toxicology and Pharmacology Research Center (INTOX),School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; School of Technology, Post-Graduate Program in Materials Technology and Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Rubensam
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Research Center (INTOX),School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe V F Rodrigues
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Marinowic
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sesterheim
- Experimental Cardiology Center, Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sílvia D de Oliveira
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Teixeira
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Hubler
- School of Technology, Post-Graduate Program in Materials Technology and Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Celik HK, Koc S, Kustarci A, Caglayan N, Rennie AE. The state of additive manufacturing in dental research - A systematic scoping review of 2012-2022. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17462. [PMID: 37484349 PMCID: PMC10361388 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has the potential to transform the industry. While there have been advancements in using AM for dental restorations, there is still a need for further research to develop functional biomedical and dental materials. It's crucial to understand the current status of AM technology and research trends to advance dental research in this field. The aim of this study is to reveal the current status of international scientific publications in the field of dental research related to AM technologies. Materials and methods In this study, a systematic scoping review was conducted using appropriate keywords within the scope of international scientific publishing databases (PubMed and Web of Science). The review included related clinical and laboratory research, including both human and animal studies, case reports, review articles, and questionnaire studies. A total of 187 research studies were evaluated for quantitative synthesis in this review. Results The findings highlighted a rising trend in research numbers over the years (From 2012 to 2022). The most publications were produced in 2020 and 2021, with annual percentage increases of 25.7% and 26.2%, respectively. The majority of AM-related publications in dentistry research originate from Korea. The pioneer dental sub-fields with the ost publications in its category are prosthodontics and implantology, respectively. Conclusion The final review result clearly stated an expectation for the future that the research in dentistry would concentrate on AM technologies in order to increase the new product and process development in dental materials, tools, implants and new generation modelling strategy related to AM. The results of this work can be used as indicators of trends related to AM research in dentistry and/or as prospects for future publication expectations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Kursat Celik
- Dept. of Agr. Machinery and Technology Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Simay Koc
- Dept. of Endodontics, Fac. of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Alper Kustarci
- Dept. of Endodontics, Fac. of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nuri Caglayan
- Dept. of Mechatronics, Fac. of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Dairaghi J, Benito Alston C, Cadle R, Rogozea D, Solorio L, Barco CT, Moldovan NI. A dual osteoconductive-osteoprotective implantable device for vertical alveolar ridge augmentation. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.1066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair of large oral bone defects such as vertical alveolar ridge augmentation could benefit from the rapidly developing additive manufacturing technology used to create personalized osteoconductive devices made from porous tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (TCP/HA)-based bioceramics. These devices can be also used as hydrogel carriers to improve their osteogenic potential. However, the TCP/HA constructs are prone to brittle fracture, therefore their use in clinical situations is difficult. As a solution, we propose the protection of this osteoconductive multi-material (herein called “core”) with a shape-matched “cover” made from biocompatible poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL), which is a ductile, and thus more resistant polymeric material. In this report, we present a workflow starting from patient-specific medical scan in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format files, up to the design and 3D printing of a hydrogel-loaded porous TCP/HA core and of its corresponding PCL cover. This cover could also facilitate the anchoring of the device to the patient's defect site via fixing screws. The large, linearly aligned pores in the TCP/HA bioceramic core, their sizes, and their filling with an alginate hydrogel were analyzed by micro-CT. Moreover, we created a finite element analysis (FEA) model of this dual-function device, which permits the simulation of its mechanical behavior in various anticipated clinical situations, as well as optimization before surgery. In conclusion, we designed and 3D-printed a novel, structurally complex multi-material osteoconductive-osteoprotective device with anticipated mechanical properties suitable for large-defect oral bone regeneration.
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Asa'ad F, Thomsen P, Kunrath MF. The Role of Titanium Particles and Ions in the Pathogenesis of Peri-Implantitis. J Bone Metab 2022; 29:145-154. [PMID: 36153850 PMCID: PMC9511127 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2022.29.3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) particles and ions have been investigated in recent years as important factors in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. However, their role in the pathogenesis is yet to be fully understood. A review of pertinent literature was performed in various databases to determine the current position of Ti particles and ions role in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. There are several in vitro, preclinical and clinical published studies that have addressed the role of Ti particles and ions in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. These studies explored the effect of Ti particles and ions in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis with respect to foreign body reaction, cellular response, epigenetic mechanisms, namely DNA methylation, and the oral microbiome. Studies have shown that the release of Ti particles/ions during implant insertion, early healing stages, late healing stages, and treatments during peri-implantitis might contribute to peri-implantitis through different mechanisms, such as foreign body reaction, cellular response, DNA methylation, and shaping the oral microbiome by increasing dysbiosis. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the complex interactions between all these mechanisms and Ti particles/ions in the pathogenesis and progression of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Asa'ad
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Thomsen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcel F Kunrath
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dentistry, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Kunrath MF, Correia A, Teixeira ER, Hubler R, Dahlin C. Superhydrophilic Nanotextured Surfaces for Dental Implants: Influence of Early Saliva Contamination and Wet Storage. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152603. [PMID: 35957034 PMCID: PMC9370139 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic and nanotextured surfaces for dental implants have been reported as relevant properties for early osseointegration. However, these surface characteristics are quite sensitive to oral interactions. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate the superficial alterations caused on hydrophilic nanotubular surfaces after early human saliva interaction. Titanium disks were treated using an anodization protocol followed by reactive plasma application in order to achieve nanotopography and hydrophilicity, additionally; surfaces were stored in normal atmospheric oxygen or wet conditioning. Following, samples were interacted with saliva for 10 min and analyzed regarding physical–chemical properties and cellular viability. Saliva interaction did not show any significant influence on morphological characteristics, roughness measurements and chemical composition; however, hydrophilicity was statistically altered compromising this feature when the samples were stored in common air. Cellular viability tested with pre-osteoblasts cell line (MC3T3-E1) reduced significantly at 48 h on the samples without wet storage after saliva contamination. The applied wet-storage methodology appears to be effective in maintaining properties such as hydrophilicity during saliva interaction. In conclusion, saliva contamination might impair important properties of hydrophilic nanotubular surfaces when not stored in wet conditions, suggesting the need of saliva-controlled sites for oral application of hydrophilic surfaces and/or the use of modified-package methods associated with their wet storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F. Kunrath
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil;
- Materials and Nanoscience Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (M.F.K.); (C.D.); Tel.: +46-0722063757 (M.F.K.)
| | - André Correia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Eduardo R. Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil;
| | - Roberto Hubler
- Materials and Nanoscience Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil;
| | - Christer Dahlin
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Correspondence: (M.F.K.); (C.D.); Tel.: +46-0722063757 (M.F.K.)
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The Impact of Early Saliva Interaction on Dental Implants and Biomaterials for Oral Regeneration: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042024. [PMID: 35216139 PMCID: PMC8875286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of saliva in the oral environment is relevant for several essential health processes. However, the noncontrolled early saliva interaction with biomaterials manufactured for oral rehabilitation may generate alterations in the superficial properties causing negative biological outcomes. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a compilation of all possible physical-chemical-biological changes caused by the early saliva interaction in dental implants and materials for oral regeneration. Dental implants, bone substitutes and membranes in dentistry possess different properties focused on improving the healing process when in contact with oral tissues. The early saliva interaction was shown to impair some positive features present in biomaterials related to quick cellular adhesion and proliferation, such as surface hydrophilicity, cellular viability and antibacterial properties. Moreover, biomaterials that interacted with contaminated saliva containing specific bacteria demonstrated favorable conditions for increased bacterial metabolism. Additionally, the quantity of investigations associating biomaterials with early saliva interaction is still scarce in the current literature and requires clarification to prevent clinical failures. Therefore, clinically, controlling saliva exposure to sites involving the application of biomaterials must be prioritized in order to reduce impairment in important biomaterial properties developed for rapid healing.
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